Building expansion joints, that is, expansion joints, refer to structural cracks placed at appropriate positions along the direction of construction joints of buildings or structures in order to prevent structural cracks or damage caused by climate and temperature changes (expansion with heat and contraction with cold). Expansion joint is to divide the building components above the foundation, such as wall, floor and roof (except wooden roof), into two independent parts, so that the building or structure expands horizontally along the long direction.
Pool expansion joint practice:
1, vulnerability handling. There are direct plugging method, pipeline plugging method and wedge plugging method.
When the hole becomes smaller and the water pressure is low (the water head is about 2 meters), the direct plugging method is adopted. First, according to the size of water leakage, carve a round hole with a diameter of 10 ~ 30mm and a depth of 20 ~ 50mm with the water leakage point as the center, and rinse it clean. Then use cement mortar to twist it into a cone-shaped ball close to the diameter of the round hole, and when it will solidify, it will be quickly blocked in the hole and squeezed around the hole wall. After half a minute, check that there is no leakage, and coat the surface with a waterproof layer.
When the hole and water pressure are high (the water head is 2~4 meters high), the pipe plugging method is adopted. Chisel away the loose part of the leaking place first, spread gravel on the bottom of the hole, cover it with a layer of linoleum, open a small hole in the middle, insert the hose, and seal the hose with cement mortar (water cement ratio 0.8~0.9) so that the surface of the cement mortar is lower than the base surface 1~2 cm, so that the water leakage will be concentrated in the hose. When the cement mortar reaches a certain strength, pull out the hose and plug it directly.
When the leakage hole is small and the water pressure is high (the water head is more than 5 meters), the wedge sealing method is adopted. First, an iron pipe is fixed with cement mortar in the hole dug at the leaking place. The top of the iron pipe is 2 cm lower than the base surface. The gaps around the pipeline shall be leveled with cement and mortar. After reaching a certain strength, the wooden wedge soaked in asphalt is driven into the iron pipe, filled with hard mortar, and the surface is coated with plain ash and mortar respectively. After 24 hours, after inspection, there is no water leakage, and it can be used as a waterproof surface with other parts.
2, crack leakage treatment. There are direct plugging method, off-line plugging method and lower semi-circular iron plug method.
When the water pressure is slow, fast, fast or fast, the direct plugging method is adopted. First, carve a splayed groove along the crack, with a depth of about 30mm and a width of about 15mm. After washing, rub the cement mortar into strips. When the cement mortar is about to solidify, quickly insert it into the groove and squeeze it tightly. After checking that there is no leakage, smooth the groove with plain ash and mortar and sweep the hair. After solidification, make waterproof layer together with other parts.
When the slow or fast seepage cracks with high water pressure leak, the off-line plugging method is adopted. First pick out the groove and put a small rope along the crack at the bottom of the groove. Rope length 15 ~ 20cm, and rope diameter depends on water leakage. When the crack is long, it can be blocked in sections, leaving a gap of 2 cm in each section. Press the solidified mucilage into the groove of the rope for rapid compaction, then draw out the small rope and compact it again to make water leak along the rope hole, and finally block the rope hole. Insert a nail wrapped in mucilage at the hole of 2 cm, let the water flow out along the nail hole, and then plug the nail hole with the leakage hole direct plugging method.
When the nozzle with high water pressure leaks, use the semi-circular iron sheet below to stop the leakage. Firstly, the cracks at the water leakage place are chiseled into a splayed groove, and a semicircular iron sheet with a round hole is placed at the bottom of the groove every 50~ 100 cm, and the rubber tube is inserted into the hole, and then blocked by sections according to the direct plugging method of cracks and water leakage, so that the water leakage flows out along the pipe. After checking that there is no leakage, apply a layer of cement slurry and a layer of mortar along the groove. After reaching a certain strength, pull out the hose and plug it according to the direct plugging method of hole leakage.
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