Shangshu is the earliest existing history book in China and a compilation of ancient political historical materials. Shangshu is divided into Yu Shu,
Shangshu is the earliest existing history book in China and a compilation of ancient political historical materials. Shangshu is divided into Yu Shu, Xia Shu, Shangshu and Zhou Shu according to dynasties, and it is divided into six types according to styles: remonstration, remonstration, ink, oath, life and code. It mainly records the ancient emperors' comments on political affairs and governing the country, and also stores precious historical materials of ancient economy, geography and social nature.
As far as literature is concerned, Shangshu is the symbol of the formation of China's ancient prose. According to Zuozhuan and other books, before Shangshu, there were three graves, five classics, eight categories and nine hills, but none of these books survived, and the records of Han Art and Literature have disappeared. Pre-Qin prose should begin with Shangshu. The articles in the book are gradually complete in structure, have a certain level, and pay attention to the use of kung fu in the design of life. Later, the prosperity of prose in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was the inheritance and development of it. After Qin and Han Dynasties, imperial edicts, imperial edicts and written articles of various dynasties were obviously influenced by it. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long traces back to the Book of History when it comes to Zhao Ce, Qian Yi, Zhang Biao, Qi Qi, debate and secretary's style. Some chapters in Shangshu have certain literary talent and modality. Pan Geng (3 chapters), for example, is Pan Geng's motto of mobilizing his subjects to change their minds. His tone is firm and decisive, which shows Pan Geng's vision. Among them, it is more vivid to use the metaphor of "if the fire burns in the same place, it can't catch you" to incite the masses to "float words" and to sit idly by and watch the country decline with the metaphor of "getting rich and stinking after taking a boat". In Wuyi, Duke Zhou advised him to become a king: "Ho ho! A gentleman has nothing to escape, and it is difficult for a prophet to escape, so he knows the dependence of a villain. " After Qin Mugong defeated the Qin family, he reviewed that he had not accepted Uncle Jian's advice and said, "As the ancients said,' You only blame yourself!'" "The worry of my heart, the sun and the moon exceed the sky, if the clouds come!" There is a sincere attitude in the speech. In addition, there are Yao Dian and Mo. Full of myths, or with poems at the end. Therefore, although Shangshu is regarded as "groggy" by later generations * * * Han Yu's Xue Jie * *, which is difficult to read in ancient times, in fact, essayists in past dynasties have gained some lessons from it.
There have always been many works to annotate and study Shangshu, including Justice of Shangshu by Confucius in Tang Dynasty, Biography of Collected Books by Cai Shen in Song Dynasty and Annotation of Shangshu Jinwen in Qing Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the East Zhejiang Tea Salt Company printed 20 volumes of Shangshu Zhengyi, which is now in Beijing Library.
Characteristics of writing content: The words recorded in Shangshu are basically oaths, orders, instructions and letters of patent. Writing style Gu Zhuo, the so-called "Zhou Pan, bow and scrape" refers to this feature. But there are also a few words that are more vivid and fluent.
Shangshu mainly records the words and deeds of some emperors in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Its most obvious ideological tendency is to explain the rise and fall of history with the view of fate, thus providing reference for reality. This view of destiny has a reasonable core: one is to respect morality, and the other is to value people. The words in Shangshu are difficult and obscure, but it marks the progress of historians' notes prose: first, some chapters pay attention to the characters' sounds and feelings; Secondly, some chapters focus on the visualization of language and the interest of language expression; Thirdly, some chapters focus on the specific description of the scene.