What are the types of drainage structures in tailings pond?

The main function of the drainage structure of the tailings pond is to discharge the flood in the catchment area of the tailings pond or send the clarified water in the reservoir to the outside of the dam. It is the main structure to prevent the tailings dam from overflowing and breaking, and some of them are also responsible for ensuring the backwater of production. Therefore, with the continuous accumulation of tailings, the inlet of the drainage system of tailings pond must be improved. According to the different drainage flow and topographic and geological conditions, there are four basic types of drainage structures: (1) well-culvert (or tunnel) drainage structure, and the water inlet is mainly an upright tower building. The tower can be connected with or without shafts. The tower is built at one time, and the outlet is reserved. With the continuous heightening of tailings dam, the orifice buried by tailings is gradually closed. There are three types of towers: window type, frame type and block type. The structure of the tower is mainly concrete and reinforced concrete. Towers can be built in stages, and drainage can be relayed between towers. Water conveyance structures are mainly culverts (holes) or tunnels. Culverts are divided into two types: trench buried type and flat buried type. From the whole drainage system, there are tunnels and culverts, and there are culverts or tunnels alone. (2) Chute-culvert (tunnel) drainage structure The water inlet of this system is an open channel with inclined bank slope. When tailings are piled up to the bottom elevation of the tank, the tank is opened. With the increase of tailings accumulation height, the open ditch is gradually closed. The connection between the water conveyance part and the outlet of the system is the same as that of the culvert (tunnel) of Well I.. (3) The main difference between the open spillway system and the first two systems is that the water inlet and water delivery part are open spillway. In order to adapt to the rise of tailings dam, the lower weir spillway adopts the method of heightening by stages, and the side chute spillway adopts the method of continuous relay of the inlet side chute, that is, repairing the side chute by stages. Spillway is used for drainage, and the height of accumulation dam should not be too large. (4) Flood diversion and closure When the basin area of the tailings pond is large, in order to reduce the flood burden of the tailings pond, some dams are built upstream to divert the river to prevent the flood from entering the reservoir. Some built flood intercepting ditches along the reservoir area to lead the flood out of the reservoir.