After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he successively destroyed the separatist regimes of Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang.
During Zhao Kuangyin's reign, he learned the lesson of eunuch autocracy and vassal regime in Tang Dynasty, accepted the suggestion of Minister Zhao Pu, deprived the military attache of his power by "relieving the military power with a glass of wine", and strengthened centralization, so that the situation of eunuch autocracy and vassal regime was eliminated in Song Dynasty. Compared with other dynasties, the Song Dynasty was more stable and fair, and its literature, philosophy, art, science and technology, education, etc. Has also been developed. However, due to the lack of military strength in the Song Dynasty, all wars with foreigners ended in failure.
In the ninth year of Kaibao, on the way of Zhao Kuangyin's northern expedition to Qidan, his brother Zhao Guangyi stayed in the palace for drinking. The next morning, 49-year-old Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly. About the death of Zhao Kuangyin, the record in Shan Ye, Hunan Province is said to be "the sound of candles and axes".
It is said that Zhao Kuangyin's martial arts is very high, and Mao Changquan was handed down by him.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, all emperors except Zhao Kuangyin were descendants of his brother Zhao Kuangyi. In the Southern Song Dynasty, all emperors except Song Gaozong were descendants of Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao's descendants, his sons, all of them, and so on. Zhao Dezhao, the son of Zhao Kuangyin, is a descendant of Duan Zong in Song Dynasty and Song Dynasty.
Detail life
In 927, Zhao Kuangyin was born into a military family in Jiamaying, Luoyang. According to legend, with the birth of the baby, "red light around the room, strange fragrance lingering, golden body, unchanged in March."
Yun: "I have always been a mediator." Zhao, his father, was a general in the later Tang, Jin and Han Dynasties. From 0755 to 79000, the teenager Kuang Yin commented on him as "handsome and personable, and everyone who knows him knows that he is very human."
When Zhao Kuangyin was born, Weah's century-old Tang Empire had disappeared from the world for 20 years. -a balance is broken, followed by endless anxiety. Influenced by his family, he loved riding, shooting, martial arts and devoted himself to martial arts since childhood. Zhao Kuangyin can be said to be the first emperor in martial arts. He created Mao Changquan himself and practiced the whole set of boxing techniques, which fully demonstrated the heroic characteristics of the north. He is one of the six famous martial arts fists in China, and he also invented the "big and small panlong sticks", which later became nunchakus. At the same time, he was a diligent emperor. When he was young, his father asked him to give up martial arts and hired a very learned teacher for him, which laid a solid cultural foundation for him, understood the truth of governing the country and leveling the world, and formed the habit of loving reading. It is said that his thirst for knowledge has reached the point where he could not put it down.
2 1 year-old, he dared to take risks, bid farewell to his parents and wife, and began to wander around the world to find his own career. He roamed many places in North China, Central Plains and Northwest China, but all failed. In 949, he finally met his chance. On his way to the north, he met Guo Wei, then the ambassador of the Tang Dynasty. At this time, Guo Wei was leading the counter-insurgency in Linjiang, so he sent someone to attack Linjiang.
When Guo Wei acceded to the throne, he was appointed as the commander of the guard, so that he was appreciated by Yin Chai Rong of Kaifeng Prefecture at that time and became a subordinate of Chai Rong. After Zhou Shizong acceded to the throne, Zhao Kuangyin followed Sejong's expedition, won Sejong's trust and reuse, and became one of the few senior generals of the Imperial Army. In the sixth year of Zhou Xiande, Zhou Shizong made a massive northern expedition to Yanyun. At this time, Sejong was unfortunately seriously ill and died shortly after being forced to abdicate. His youngest son Chai Zongxun succeeded to the throne. Before his death, Sejong replaced and mobilized the top military and political personnel, and Zhao Kuangyin was promoted to be an inspector in front of the temple.
On the fourth day of the first month of the seventh year of Xiande, he controlled the imperial army to return to Germany and inspected Zhao Kuangyin in front of the temple. Taking the "doubt of Zhu Shaoguo" as an opportunity, he launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", seized the regime of the later Zhou Dynasty, established the Song Dynasty and changed the Yuan Dynasty to.
Mao's daily life is simple, and his clothes and diet are simple. Although I am very restrained to my family, I am never stingy. He spent a lot of money on some projects, and he gave generous treatment to the surrendered monarch. His private life is rigorous and simple, but he is generous to the places where he should spend money, which is rare among emperors in past dynasties.
The painful wandering experience made Zhao Kuangyin have a personal experience of the sufferings of ordinary people, so he was very concerned about people's livelihood. At the beginning of the world, he immediately implemented the policy of reducing corvee, allowing farmers to recuperate and develop production. In 196 1, he explicitly exempted the state governments from commandeering civilians as emergency delivery workers and used them as soldiers. In the second year, the garrison was exempted from the compulsory labor of collecting people and lifting clothes. If a state or county disobeys an order, people can report it. After the Five Dynasties Rebellion, there were years of wars, and the fields were barren and serious, and land was the foundation of the country. Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin ordered all newly reclaimed land not to be taxed, and rewarded those state and county officials who had made outstanding achievements in reclamation. If the barren area of farmland under their jurisdiction exceeds a certain mu, they should be punished. Only two years after taking office, Zhao Kuangyin ordered the construction of dams along the Yellow River and planted many flood control trees. Since then, the highest instructions have been issued to the Yellow River many times. For example, in the third year of the Stegosaurus, Zhao Kuangyin issued an imperial edict, "County officials along the Yellow River divide their troops and willows at the beginning of each year to strengthen dikes." Every year, 65438+ 10, February and March is the regular maintenance period of the Yellow River dam, and reinforcement and maintenance will be carried out every year. Dam reinforcement and environmental greening have the best of both worlds.
Fan Zhongyan once said sincerely: "Since our ancestors, we have never lightly killed a subordinate. This is a question of virtue. " The most important reason for this is the "Three Commandments". Wang Fuzhi said, "Taizu took a stone and locked it in the temple until the heir ascended the throne and knelt down." There are three commandments: first, preserve the descendants of Chai; Second, don't kill literati; Third, there is no farmland tax. Alas, if these three things don't mean they are virtuous, neither can they.
1997, the downfall, there are many explanations about Mao's death, some are sudden death due to excessive drinking, and some are abdominal pain. More broadly, Mao's death has a lot to do with Song Taizong.
Due to the lack of historical materials, the truth is unknown, but one thing is certain, that is, Emperor Taizong did a lot of work to cover up Mao's death. The History of Song Dynasty compiled by Emperor Taizong came to nothing three times. Although many truths were tampered with and covered up, Emperor Taizong was still not satisfied. Emperor Taizong was unusual.
In the aspect of "seizing power", Zhao Kuangyin successively sent civil servants to local counties as chiefs to replace domineering soldiers; In addition, an ordinary judgment was made without public knowledge. Both of them share power, contain each other, disperse and weaken the power of local governors. In terms of "controlling its money valley", Zhao Kuangyin has set up a transshipment ambassador to manage local finance, and stipulated that all the taxes of each state, except their normal expenses, shall be sent to the capital, and the rest shall not be withheld. In this way, it not only increases the fiscal revenue of the central government, but also makes it impossible for local governments to have a material basis against the central government. In the aspect of "gathering its elite soldiers", Zhao Kuangyin transferred all the elites of local armies such as San Francisco Army and Xiang Jun to the Central Imperial Army, which expanded the number of imperial troops to hundreds of thousands. However, there are only some old and weak soldiers left in the local army, who can only serve as handymen, lack combat effectiveness, and can't compete with the central imperial army at all, undermining the military foundation of local resistance to the central government.
Mao's deprivation of the power of the buffer region and suppression of the military attache changed the situation of the five dynasties buffer region, the weakness of the court, the arrogance of the military attache and the weakness of the civil servant, and improved the authority of the central government. Within the central government, Mao set out to split the power of killing ministers and set up a deputy minister to participate in politics in order to disperse and control the power of the prime minister. The prime minister and political participation are collectively referred to as the ruling, and the military and political affairs belong to the Privy Council, and its chief is called the Tang Dynasty. The Privy Council and the state affairs are collectively called the "second government", the financial power belongs to the three departments, and its chief executive is called the three ambassadors, that is, the so-called "planning ministers". These three positions are similar, and they are all directly under the emperor. Through decentralization, the monopoly of ministers was prevented. Mao once bluntly said to Prime Minister Zhao Pu: "You scholars can't manage state affairs." It shows that the autocratic monarchy system in Song Dynasty has been consolidated and strengthened unprecedentedly. These measures put an end to the separatist regime in the buffer regions since the mid-Tang Dynasty, safeguarded national unity and promoted social and economic development. However, these measures have also increased the number of officials, increased expenditure, restricted power, weakened local strength, and planted the seeds of poverty and weakness in the future.