Note: Also called "official book", "true book" and "regular script". Font name. The transition from official script began at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, matured in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, which has been popular all over the country so far. The picture is square and the strokes are straight, which can be used as a model, so it is called.
What is regular script?
Regular script is also called official script, or real book. Its characteristics are: square shape, straight strokes, can be used as a model, hence the name. Began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many famous regular script writers, such as Ou Ti (Ou Yangxun), Yu Ti (Yu Shinan), Yan Ti (Yan Zhenqing), Liu Ti (Liu Gongquan) and Zhao Ti (attached).
Song Xuanhe's Book Score: "In the early Han Dynasty, Wang Cizhong began to use official script as regular script." People think that regular script evolved from official script. It is said: "On the tomb of Confucius, a regular script tree planted by Zi Gongzhi has straight and unyielding branches." The strokes of regular script are concise and refreshing, and must be like the branches of regular script trees.
In the early days, there were few official handwriting, the structure was slightly wider, the horizontal painting was long and the vertical painting was short. In Wei Jinzhong handed down from ancient times, such as Zhong You's Declaration Form (left), Ji Zhi Biao, Wang Xizhi's Le Yi Lun, Huang Tingjing, etc., can be regarded as representative works. Look at its characteristics, as Weng Fanggang said: "Change the wave painting of official script, pick it up, and still keep the vertical of official script."
After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the north and the south were divided, and calligraphy was also divided into two factions. The calligraphy style of the Northern School has inherited the legacy of Han Li, and Gu Zhuo is simple and rigorous, so it is called "Weibei". Southern calligraphy is more sparse and beautiful than letters. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, because of regional differences, personal habits and book styles were very different. The books in the North are strong and the books in the South are rich, each of which is wonderful and inseparable, while Bao and Kang Youwei highly admire the books of the two dynasties, especially the epitaphs of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Kang cited ten beauties to emphasize the advantages of Weibei.
Regular script in the Tang Dynasty, like the prosperity of the national situation in the Tang Dynasty, is really unprecedented. Calligraphy style is mature, and calligraphers come forth in large numbers. In terms of regular script, Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang in the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the middle Tang Dynasty and Liu Gongquan in the late Tang Dynasty all regarded his regular script works as models of calligraphy.
In ancient times, there was a saying: "Learning calligraphy must start with the pattern, and writing must start with the big characters. Chinese characters are based on Yan, Chinese characters are based on Europe, Chinese characters are ripe, and then they are gathered into small characters, which is the law. " However, according to the results of many years of experimental research, it is not appropriate for beginners to learn too big words first, but it is more suitable for Chinese letters.
The regular script of Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, three great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty, is the most suitable model for copying Chinese characters. This is a simple introduction as follows:
Regular script, which originated from ancient Li, is based on the style of two kings and the style of northern school in the Six Dynasties. They are unique in structure, unique in originality, authoritative and influential in society, and are the standard for learning books. Investigating the characteristics of regular script, the pen is strong and powerful, the strokes are neat and tidy, and the structure is cheerful and healthy. His representative works of regular script inscriptions include "Jiuchenggong Liquan Ming" and "Huadu Temple Monument".
Yu Shinan's regular script, elegant and graceful, inherited the legacy of the wise and brave Zen master and was the clique of the Wang school. Although it originated in Wei and Jin Dynasties, its softness on the outside and rigidity on the inside swept away the cowardice of Wei and Jin calligraphy style. His masterpiece in regular script is Confucius Temple Monument.
Chu Suiliang's regular script is famous for its sparseness and strength. Although he is the ancestor of the right army, he can win its charm. Its font structure seems very bold and unrestrained, but it can skillfully reconcile the quiet style and create an unprecedented situation. His masterpiece in regular script is Preface to the Sermon of Yanta.
Lower case, as its name implies, is a minor in regular script. It was founded in Zhongyou of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. He is the most outstanding authority on official script, and his writing style of regular script was born in Han Li, which is as vivid as flying in the sea. However, the structure is wide and flat, the horizontal painting is long and the vertical painting is short, and the legacy of official division still exists. However, the model method is ready, and it is actually the ancestor of the official book. When Wang Xizhi came to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he studied the lower case calligraphy more carefully and made it perfect, which also set a good appreciation standard for China's lower case calligraphy.
Generally speaking, writing small characters is very different from writing big characters. In principle, writing big characters should be close and seamless, and writing small characters should be more spacious. In other words: writing big characters should be as accurate as writing small characters; Writing small characters is as cramped as writing big characters, so the ancients said, "Writing big characters should be like small characters, and writing small characters should be like big characters." In Su Dongpo's prose, there is a saying that "the big characters are hard to be seamless, and the small characters are hard to be generous". How do you say these words? Because when we usually write big characters, we think that our position (area) is very wide and we can write freely. As a result, the fonts become loose and empty. Writing small print is just the opposite, because the space is too small, and it is inevitable that you will try your best to shrink it if you are worried that you can't write it. It tends to curl. This is a natural psychological phenomenon, which is easy to break. Therefore, the CPSU's statement that "there are great difficulties and minor difficulties" is based on this statement and is based on experience.
There is not much difference between the center of gravity of writing fine print and the coordination of strokes. As for the pen, it is slightly different. Small print should be round, beautiful and quiet ... >>
What does hard-pen regular script mean?
Regular script is a font of China's calligraphy, also known as regular script, which appeared in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and reached the peak of its artistic life in the Tang Dynasty. At present, the most classic inscription is "Liu Zhao the tern", one of the four masters of regular script. Earlier calligraphers included Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Zhong You, and Zhi Yong monk.
The ancient regular script works we saw were all written with a brush, or directly written on paper or cloth, or burned on ceramic utensils and engraved on stone tablets after writing. But later, hard writing tools such as pens, pencils and ballpoint pens appeared. We call regular script works written with this writing tool "hard pen calligraphy".
However, there is another view that the hard pen appeared before the writing brush, because before we invented the writing brush, our ancestors had carved marks on animal bones and stone walls with stones and knives. Since it is also a writing tool, it should belong to the category of hard pen.
Although this view has some truth, marks do not belong to calligraphy after all, so they do not belong to calligraphy tools.
What is "regular script"
The so-called regular script refers to the font that is correct, neat and regular and can be used as a model. It is a common standard word in regular script that has been sorted and standardized by the State Language Committee.
What does "write" mean in regular script?
The basic skills of calligraphy are a topic that people often talk about. I also have my own opinions on the knowledge and understanding of basic skills. The most common formulation is that basic skills are solid only when regular script is well written. The reason probably comes from what the ancients said: "If you want to learn cursive script, you should learn regular script first". The meaning of this sentence of the ancients is: if you want to learn cursive script, you must first be familiar with the jurisprudence of regular script. In a practical sense, this sentence is quite right. Because many legal principles of cursive script (more accurately, running script) are derived from regular script, running script and regular script have a very close "blood relationship". But this sentence only refers to a progressive relationship between learning mode and learning cursive script, a one-to-two logical relationship, not a question of basic skills. If we judge that regular script is the basic skill of cursive script, we can draw the conclusion that official script is the basic skill of regular script and seal script is the basic skill of official script. It can also be inferred that "Da Zhuan is the basic skill of Xiao Zhuan" and "Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the basic skill of bronze inscriptions". If pushed down, what is Oracle Bone Inscriptions's basic skill? This is obviously illogical. In addition, the statement that "writing regular script is a good basic skill" is also biased. From this point of view, the people who wrote Mao and Pan certainly had no basic skills. At that time, people didn't know what Kai was at all. Obviously, this formulation is also extremely unscientific. Often in practice, we find that people who write well in regular script may not write well in cursive script. People who write well in cursive script may not write well in regular script. We also find that some people write well in Ou Kai, but not all Yan Kai, Xiao Kai and Zhao Kai can write well. Those who specialize in seal cutting and official tune are not necessarily good at writing, writing and cursive; Those who are good at grass may not be able to seal, turn and write. To be sure, no matter what kind of font, each font has its own inherent laws and methods. After practicing one font, it doesn't mean that other fonts can be developed by themselves without practicing. Here, although there are some corresponding internal laws between various fonts and various books, they can be used for reference, but their respective laws and rules cannot be substituted for each other. For example, after a long period of sketching, you can only write words with Zhang Qian flavor, but you can't write Ode to Shimen immediately, and write Li characters with different styles such as Cao Quan and Huashan. Only by learning and mastering the methods one by one can we reproduce the font style of a monument. Otherwise, it is almost impossible to write anything without this process of learning and research. It can also be said with certainty that one expert cannot replace another, and it is difficult for one expert to replace another. Moreover, different fonts and different books have different requirements for basic skills, and they are focused. Seal script, official script and regular script are all static fonts, which require strict brushwork and writing skills, paying more attention to the accuracy and stability of brushwork, followed by the requirements of qi, composition and pen and ink. Line and grass emphasize the variability and flexibility of brushwork, the rhythm, fluency and harmony of qi and composition, and the hierarchical rhythm of ink color. At the same time, different fonts, styles and schools have different requirements for basic skills. Write a series of beibei films, requiring the other person's pen to have strong descriptive ability; Writing seals requires a strong grasp of the radian of the round pen; Writing Huai Su and Wang Duo requires a strong ability of continuous and rapid pen control; Writing two kings requires a strong control over the rhythm of qi; Writing Zheng Banqiao requires better scheduling ability interspersed with contention, and so on. Therefore, from the microscopic point of view, we can think that seal script has the basic skills of seal script, regular script has the basic skills of regular script, official script has the basic skills of official script, and cursive script has the basic skills of cursive script. So what is the basic skill of calligraphy? We believe that the basic skill of calligraphy should be the comprehensive ability of calligraphers' various skills and abilities. Both the ability to control the brush, the ability to control the font, the ability to control the ink method, and the ability to control the style and composition. In short, the basic skill of calligraphy is "the comprehensive ability of calligraphers to master brushwork, ink painting, composition and other skills". We can take sports as an example. Its basic skills should be one person's: endurance, explosive power, bouncing ability, flexibility, balance ability, reaction ability and so on. The sum of these physical abilities is the basic skills of athletes. The higher his comprehensive index, the better his basic skills. At the same time, the wider the sports he can engage in, the greater the possibility of making achievements. The stronger the ability to master brushwork, ink painting and composition, the higher the level and the thicker the basic skills. He can write well in any font and style, and at the same time, on the artistic level, the higher the possibility of producing results. "Technology" and "art" belong to two different levels, and basic skills belong to the category of "technology". Technology >>
What is the meaning of calligraphy?
One of the traditional arts. Refers to the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush, such as seal, official, correct, line and grass. Techniques pay attention to writing, pen, stippling, structure and composition, which are closely related to traditional painting and seal cutting in China. It has a history of more than 3,000 years, with the bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the bud; Later, Qin Zhuan, Han Li, Jin Cao, Wei Bei, Tang Kai and Song Xing were all good at winning.
What does the regular script bookshelf structure mean?
Refers to the spatial layout of characters in brushwork, radicals and structure. Form different styles. Such as back to back, opening, density and so on.
What's the difference between running script and regular script?
Running script is a writing style after cursive script and regular script. According to legend, it was written by Liu Desheng, a calligrapher in the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling. Wei Heng in the Western Jin Dynasty said in "Si Ti Shu": "There are two schools, Zhong (Yao) and Hu (Zhao), who learn from each other." Unfortunately, Liu Desheng left no ink.
What is a running script? In short, it is a kind of writing that is slightly modified on the basis of regular script. It is very simple to write, so it is welcomed by regular script. Running script is a writing style between cursive script and regular script, which is not as difficult to write and recognize as cursive script, nor as rigorous and dignified as regular script. So the ancients said it was "not true and not grass" It is characterized by adopting a certain cursive method, partially simplifying the strokes of regular script, changing the stroke shape of regular script and cursing the structure of regular script. In short, it is more fluent, straightforward and chic than regular script, and easier to recognize and write than cursive script.
Running script is a new writing style accompanied by regular script at the end of Han Dynasty, but it was not widely used at that time. It was not until the appearance of Wang Xizhi in Jin Dynasty that it became popular.