1. Does anyone have e-books or related information about survival skills or common sense in the wild or daily life? Ask
Survival in the wild means that people survive in the mountains and jungles where there is no accommodation. .
Special forces, scouts, airborne troops, and Marines who go deep behind enemy lines, as well as soldiers and air crews who lose contact with their troops during the battle, are trapped behind enemy lines in isolation or in unfamiliar wilderness jungles and On an isolated island, when instruments are cut off, bottom-up skills in the wild are even more needed. Here are some simple common sense for survival in the wild.
1. Use natural features to determine direction. In the absence of standard equipment such as topographic maps and compasses, soldiers must master some methods of using natural features to determine direction. It is very simple to use the sun to determine the direction. You can use a benchmark (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone at the vertex A of the benchmark's shadow. After about 10 minutes, when the apex of the benchmark's shadow moves to B, Put another stone.
Connect two points A and B into a straight line. The direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the line AB is north-south, and the end facing the sun is south.
Use an analog watch to determine the direction of the sun. The method is: place the watch horizontally and halve the time indicated by the hour hand (in a 24-hour format), facing the sun. The direction indicated by the 12 o'clock scale on the dial is roughly north.
If the current time is 16 o'clock, the 8 o'clock scale of the watch points to the sun, and the 12 o'clock scale points to the north. When the weather is clear at night, you can use Polaris to determine your direction.
To find the North Star, you must first find the bear constellation (that is, what we call the Big Dipper). The constellation consists of seven stars that begin like a spoon.
After finding the Big Dipper, follow the line connecting the two stars A and B on the side of the spoon and extend towards the mouth of the spoon about 5 times the distance between the two stars A and B. A brighter star is Polaris. The direction pointed by Polaris is north.
You can also use the Cassiopeia constellation opposite the Big Dipper to find the North Star. The Cassiopeia constellation consists of 5 stars that are about the same brightness as the Big Dipper and are shaped like a W.
Polaris can be found in front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, about twice the width of the entire gap. Using surface features to determine orientation is a supplementary method.
When using, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Freestanding trees usually have leafy southern foliage and smooth bark.
The annual ring lines on the tree stump are usually thinner in the south and denser in the north. The doors and windows of rural houses and the main entrances of temples usually open to the south.
Snow on buildings, mounds, field ridges, and highlands usually melts faster in the south and slower in the north. The south side of large rocks, mounds, and big trees is densely covered with vegetation, while the north side is prone to moss.
When you lose your way in the wild, do not panic, but stop immediately, always calmly recall the path you have taken, try to re-orientate according to all possible signs, and then try again. Find the way. The most reliable method is to "find your way back" and return to the original starting point.
After losing your way in the mountains, you should first climb up and look far away to judge which direction you should go. You should usually walk in a low-lying direction so that you can easily encounter water sources. It is safest to walk along the river. This is especially important in the forest.
Because roads and residential areas are often built along waterfronts. If you encounter a fork in the road and there are many roads that make you confused, you must first clarify the direction you want to go, and then choose the correct road.
If the directions of several roads are roughly the same and cannot be determined, you should take the middle road first. This way you can have both sides, and even if you go the wrong way, you will not deviate too far. 2. Traveling Methods on Complex Terrain When traveling in mountainous areas, in order to avoid losing direction, save energy, and increase travel speed, you should strive to have roads. *** Cross the mountains through forests. If there are big roads, do not take small roads. If there are no roads, you can choose to travel on longitudinal mountain ridges, Travel on ridges, mountainside, edges of rivers and streams, and terrain with tall trees, sparse forests, large gaps, and low grass.
We must strive to walk across the beams rather than ditches, and to walk vertically rather than horizontally. When traveling, take long strides rather than small steps.
In this way, after dozens of kilometers, you can save thousands of steps. When tired, use slow, relaxed steps to rest without stopping.
When climbing rocks, you should carefully observe the rocks, carefully identify the quality and weathering degree of the rocks, and determine the direction and route of climbing. The basic method of climbing rocks is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, fixing two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand, and then moving the remaining hand or foot to move the body's center of gravity upward.
The hands and feet must cooperate well to avoid moving two points at the same time. They must be steady, light and fast. Choose the most appropriate distance and the most stable fulcrum according to your own situation. Do not take big steps or grab or hold. Pedal too far. Climbing hillsides below 30 degrees can be done in a straight line.
When climbing, lean forward slightly, put all your feet on the ground, bend your knees, and make your feet appear in an outward "figure of eight" shape. Don't step too big or too fast. When the slope is greater than 30 degrees, a zigzag climbing route is generally adopted.
When climbing, the legs should be slightly bent, the upper body should be tilted forward, the inner toes should be forward, the entire sole of the foot should be on the ground, and the outer toes should be slightly turned outward.
If you accidentally slip while walking, you should immediately face the hillside, open your arms but straighten your legs, raise your toes, and move your body up as much as possible to reduce the speed of sliding.
In this way, you can try to find guides and supports while sliding. Never sit facing outwards, as this will not only cause you to slide faster, but may also cause you to roll over on steeper slopes.
Rivers are frequent obstacles in mountainous and plain areas. When encountering a river, do not rush into the water. Observe carefully before determining the location and method of crossing the river.
Mountain rivers usually have fast currents, low water temperatures, and rough river beds. When fording, in order to maintain body balance, you should use a meridian to support the upstream direction of the water, or hold a stone weighing 15 to 20 kilograms in your hand.
When wading in a group, three or four people can form a row, hug each other's shoulders, and the strongest person is in the upstream direction. 3. Methods of gathering food There are two main ways to obtain food in wild survival.
One is to hunt wild animals, and the other is to collect wild plants. To hunt wild animals, you must first know the animal's habitat and master the animal's life patterns, and then hunt by methods such as trapping, snaring, trapping, and shooting.
This requires a long period of training and practice under the guidance of experts before it can be truly mastered. The following is a brief introduction to the types and eating methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.
Currently, the insects that people in the world eat include snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, cockroaches, crickets, butterflies, locusts, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders, mantises, etc. Although people are not used to eating insects, they may even feel disgusted.
2. What is the knowledge of daily survival?
Emergency measures in various situations when an earthquake comes. Emergency protection principles during earthquakes. Take shelter nearby during the earthquake and quickly after the earthquake. Evacuating to a safe place is a better method of emergency protection.
The so-called avoidance is to make different countermeasures according to different situations according to local conditions. How do school personnel protect themselves from shocks? In schools, what is most needed during an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers.
In areas with medium- and long-term earthquake forecasts, it is necessary to combine teaching activities to teach students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention and avoidance knowledge. Before the earthquake, routes and venues for student transfer and evacuation should be arranged; after the earthquake, students should be calmly directed to evacuate in an orderly manner.
In relatively strong and safe houses, students who can hide under desks, beside podiums, or in teaching buildings can go to rooms with small openings and pipe support. Students must not be allowed to run around. Or jump off a building. How to avoid shock when walking on the street during an earthquake? When an earthquake occurs, glass fragments from high-rise buildings and concrete fragments from the outside of the building, as well as advertising signs, tin plates, neon light stands, etc., may fall and injure people. Therefore, when walking on the street, it is best to carry a leather bag or soft If you have no items on your head, you can also use your hands to protect your head. Be prepared for self-defense as much as possible. Be calm. You should quickly leave the telephone poles and walls and run to a relatively open area to take shelter.
How do workshop workers avoid shocks? Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and taller equipment, and are not allowed to run around in panic. Workers in special positions must first close flammable, explosive and toxic gas valves, promptly reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines, and shut down operating equipment. . Most personnel can evacuate the work site. Under the premise of safety protection, a small number of personnel remain on site to monitor dangers at any time, deal with possible accidents in a timely manner, and prevent secondary disasters.
How should driving vehicles respond when an earthquake occurs? (1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually; (2) Passengers (especially on trains) should firmly hold the handles, pillars or seats, etc., and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the rack and injuring anyone, and face the traffic. People who are facing the direction of travel should lean their arms on the seat cushion in front of them to protect their faces, lean toward the aisle, and protect their heads with both hands; people whose backs are facing the direction of travel should protect the back of their heads with both hands and raise their knees to protect their abdomen. Tighten your body and take a defensive posture. How should people in the building respond to an earthquake? Once an earthquake occurs, it is extremely important to keep a clear and calm mind and judge the shaking situation in time. Never jump off the building in a panic. This is extremely important.
Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture or in a corner, or you can move to a kitchen or toilet with more load-bearing walls and a small space to take temporary refuge. Because the bonding force in these places is strong, especially the pipes that have been treated, they have better support and a larger seismic resistance coefficient.
In short, during an earthquake, you can assess the situation according to the building layout and indoor conditions, find safe spaces and passages to avoid, and reduce casualties. How to respond when a store is hit by an earthquake? When experiencing an earthquake in a department store, stay calm.
Due to panic among people and the whereabouts of goods, evacuation passages may be blocked. At this time, you should hide next to nearby large pillars and large merchandise (avoiding product display cabinets), or seek refuge in a passage without obstacles, and then squat down and wait for the earthquake to subside.
If you are located upstairs, in principle it is better to move to the ground floor. However, stairs are often the weakest part of a building against earthquakes, so it is necessary to identify the right time to escape.
Waiters should organize people to take shelter nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.
Self-rescue after an earthquake If you are buried under rubble during an earthquake, surrounded by darkness and only a very small space, you must not panic, be calm, and build confidence in survival. Believe that someone will come to save you, and do everything possible to protect yourself.
After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new harm, you must try to improve your environment. At this time, if the emergency kit is by your side, it will play a big role in your escape.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, you must first protect your breathing, move away debris from your head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas or poisonous gas; avoid Remove weak collapsed objects and other objects that may easily cause falling above the body; expand and stabilize the living space, and use bricks, magic sticks, etc. to support broken walls to prevent further deterioration of the environment after aftershocks. Try to get out of danger.
If you can't find a way out of danger, try to save your strength, hit objects that make noise with rocks, and send out a call for help. Don't cry, be impatient, or act blindly, as this will cause a lot of injuries. Spend energy and physical strength, control your emotions as much as possible or close your eyes and rest, waiting for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to bandage it to prevent excessive bleeding.
Sustain life. If you are buried under the rubble for a long time and the rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the call for help, you must find a way to maintain your life. You must save water and food in the shock-proof bag, and try to find food and drinking water if necessary. Your own urine can also quench your thirst.
Mutual rescue after the earthquake. After the earthquake, it is impossible for outside disaster relief teams to rush to the disaster relief scene immediately. In this case, in order to save more people buried under the rubble and save their precious lives, the disaster area The people's active participation in mutual rescue is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and it also embodies the noble virtue of "saving people in danger". The sooner the rescue time is, the greater the hope of rescue.
According to relevant data, the survival rate of those rescued 20 minutes after the earthquake was over 98%, and the survival rate of those rescued one hour after the earthquake dropped to 63%. Among those who could not be rescued 2 hours after the earthquake, , suffocation deaths accounted for 58% of the deaths. They were not killed by building collapse during the earthquake, but died of asphyxiation. If they could be rescued in time, they could have survived.
In the Tangshan earthquake, hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the rubble. People in the disaster area restored their lives to most of the buried people through self-rescue and mutual rescue. Mutual rescue operations involving people in disaster areas have played an irreplaceable role in the entire earthquake relief effort.
Rescue people after an earthquake should be done quickly. When rescuing people after an earthquake, we should strive to do it quickly, with accurate goals, appropriate methods, and the principle of growing mutual rescue teams. The specific method is: save those who are nearby first, whether they are family members, neighbors, or strangers, and do not seek far away; save those who are easy to save first, so that the mutual rescue team can be quickly strengthened; save young adults and medical staff first, so that they can Play a full role in disaster relief; save "lives" first, then people.
3. Survival tips
Identify the direction: 1. When in the woods, the branches and leaves of the trees are Tend to one direction (south) 2. Which way does the sun shine from the east and set in the west (basic common sense) 3. Looking at the tree stump, the side with dense growth rings is north. Watch positioning: 1. The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of the watch. The bisector of their corners indicates south. Emergency escape: 1. In case of fire, cover your nose with a wet wipe and escape quickly from the stairs. Do not take the elevator. If it is too late, jump directly from the building. 2. When kidnapped, stay calm and search for Take the opportunity to escape and keep your spirits up. (When escaping in an emergency, be sure to observe what tools are around you to assist.) Small escape tools that can be carried with you without being discovered: 1. Dagger 2. Lipstick (red) (in front of the enemy) When not found, draw SOS in a conspicuous place where others can see it, as an international distress signal) 3. Powder and the like, (packed in a small bottle) (mark the road and wait for companions to come to rescue) ) How to skillfully find an exit: (Mainly observe the surrounding environment) How to survive without food: Normal people can live for three weeks without food, but cannot survive for three days without water, so water must be given priority, and then Instead of thinking that you are hungry, look for food (you can tie your stomach with a rope to prevent excessive hunger). Simple wound dressing: 1. Gentian violet (purple potion): speed up wound scab and speed up wound healing.
2. Mercurochrome (red solution): protects wounds and has antibacterial effects. 3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds.
Cannot be used for broken wounds. 4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucous membranes or broken wounds (can be bandaged according to the situation) Reaction when encountering an aggressive animal: First, find a way to drive away the attack. Sexual animals, flee quickly. If an aggressive animal intends to attack, please use some objects to block your area, or go to a hidden place for help. (There is a lot of common sense in daily life, and you need to learn more about it).
4. Safety escape knowledge in daily life
Eight unfavorable things during thunderstorms:
1. It is not advisable to go to the top of the mountain, ridges, open fields, or all kinds of open air Parking lots, sports fields and windward slopes are prone to lightning strikes, as well as building roofs, roofs, near lightning rods and their down conductors, inside pavilions, near iron fences and overhead wires, etc.
2. It is not advisable to hide under an isolated tree, and keep a safe distance from the tree that is twice the height of the tree. Squat down and bend forward.
3. It is not advisable to hold metal objects such as umbrellas high.
4. It is not suitable to install metal equipment and communication and power lines.
5. It is not suitable to operate on the water surface, wetlands or water-land junctions, at high altitudes, or to quickly leave the water, boats, paddy fields, etc. Not suitable for swimming. When there is standing water in urban roads, do not risk wading into the water.
6. It is not suitable to engage in outdoor activities and do not run in the outdoor wilderness.
7. It is not advisable to stay on balconies or windows. During thunderstorms, do not touch power switches and electrical equipment, and do not access the Internet. It is not advisable to use solar water heaters.
8. It is not advisable to use fixed telephones, mobile phones, PHS and other outdoor communication tools.
5. Tips for survival
Identify the direction:
1. When in the woods, the branches and leaves of the trees tend to be in one direction (south)
< p> 2. The sun shines from the east and sets in the west (basic common sense)3. Looking at the tree stump, the side with dense growth rings is from the north.
Watch positioning: < /p>
1. The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of the watch, and the bisector of their angles indicates south.
Emergency escape:
1. In case of fire, use wet Cover your nose with a towel and quickly escape from the stairs. Do not take the elevator. If it is too late, just jump off the building.
2. When you are kidnapped, stay calm, look for opportunities to escape, and keep your spirits up.
< p> (In an emergency escape, be sure to observe what tools are around you to assist)Small escape tools that can be carried with you without being discovered:
1. Dagger 2 .Lipstick (red) (when the enemy is not aware of it, draw SOS in a conspicuous place where others can see it, as an international distress signal)
3. Powder and the like, (packed in a in a small bottle) (mark the road and wait for companions to come to rescue)
How to find the exit skillfully:
(Mainly observe the surrounding environment)
< p> How to survive without food:A normal person can live for three weeks without food, but cannot live for three days without water, so water should be given priority, and don’t think about yourself. If you are hungry, you have to look for food instead (you can tie your stomach with a rope to prevent excessive hunger).
Simple wound dressing:
1. Gentian violet (purple potion): speed up wound closure scab, speeding up wound healing.
2. Mercury (red solution): protects wounds and has antibacterial effects.
3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds. It cannot be used to disinfect wounds.
4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucous membranes or broken wounds.
(It can be bandaged according to the situation)
Reaction when encountering an aggressive animal:
First, find a way to drive away the aggressive animal and escape quickly, If an aggressive animal intends to attack, please use some objects to block your area, or go to a hidden place for help.
(There is a lot of common sense in daily life, and you need to learn more about it)< /p>