How to make bedridden patients available at any time?

First, go to a professional dental clinic to check whether oral diseases need treatment. In addition, 1: Tooth washing is generally once a year. 2. Brush your teeth after lunch every day, except in the morning and evening. Use a soft toothbrush. Brush up and down, from side to side, outside, inside and chewing surface. Brush the upper teeth from top to bottom and brush the lower teeth from bottom to top. The time is about 3 minutes. Keep your mouth clean. Eat lightly (don't use toothpicks, or you will hurt your gums). It looks complicated. It's convenient after getting used to it. Flossing is only used at night. This is my experience. I was taught by others. Try it, I hope it helps you. Drink plenty of water and get into the habit of defecating once a day. Usually, you should eat some chewing gum or some medicine to get rid of the fire every day. Oral bleeding is generally. No need to wash your teeth. 1. Ordinary tooth washing (tooth washing) generally takes 40 minutes, and tooth washing takes more than 20 minutes. Oral diseases, such as common dental caries, food blocking in the cavity, fermentation and decay, odor; Food impaction caused by uneven tooth arrangement or other reasons; Or because of food residue, soft dirt accumulation and bacterial growth, bad breath can also be produced. This development can easily lead to gingivitis and periodontitis, and inflammation often leads to bleeding and pus overflow, which makes bad breath worse. In addition, if the oral mucosa often festers, it is called recurrent aphtha; Or problems with salivary glands, such as chronic inflammation, poor secretion, will also make the mouth stink. As we all know, bad breath is not a disease, but mainly caused by poor oral hygiene. However, with the progress of society and the popularization of health knowledge, most people have developed good oral hygiene habits, but they still can't get rid of bad breath. People can't help asking: What is the cause of bad breath? From a medical point of view, halitosis is essentially a symptom of systemic or local diseases, especially the most common clinical symptoms in oral and dental diseases. Because of the bad breath caused by systemic diseases, patients can often take the initiative to seek medical treatment, and bad breath can be eliminated; The long-term existence of halitosis caused by dental diseases is because the symptoms are not obvious, patients do not pay enough attention to it, and most of them do not take the initiative to seek medical treatment. Generally speaking, oral diseases that are easy to cause bad breath and easily overlooked by people mainly include dental caries (commonly known as tooth decay) and periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis). At present, most patients with dental caries and periodontal diseases have no unclean mouth, but they don't know that there are a lot of bacteria in the cavities of dental caries or periodontal pockets of periodontal diseases. Bacteria propagate in the cave and ferment the food residue in the cave, which can not only produce acid to decalcify and decay teeth, but also produce decomposition substances such as acid and hydrogen sulfide, thus producing a special sour taste. Dental calculus and food residue in periodontal pocket can induce periodontitis under the action of bacteria. Inflammatory cells and bacteria in periodontal pocket die to form pus, which is decomposed by bacteria and produces a special rancid smell. Bad breath can make people unhappy, and talking to others can also make people unhappy. In order to effectively eliminate halitosis caused by dental caries and periodontal diseases, we should not only develop and maintain good oral hygiene habits, but also find and treat dental caries in time, clean periodontal tissue and remove soft dirt and tartar, which is an effective method to eliminate halitosis. In addition, chewing sugar-free gum often can keep the taste fresh and the breath fresh. Some scholars believe that it is safer and more effective to control dental plaque by mechanical methods than by continuous use of disinfectants or antibiotics. In our daily life, we can adopt the following mechanical cleaning methods. (1) Full chewing of coarse and fiber-rich food can rub the tooth surface, stimulate saliva secretion, wash the tooth surface, massage the gums, and enhance the blood circulation and disease resistance of periodontal tissue. We advocate eating a few mouthfuls of food like celery and chewing more at the end of each meal, which can achieve satisfactory results in cleaning the tooth surface. (2) If you can't brush your teeth after meals, you should get into the habit of gargling in time after meals. When gargling, put mouthwash in your mouth, close your upper and lower lips, and then stir your cheeks and lips to make mouthwash fully contact with teeth, gums and oral mucosa in your mouth, so as to rinse your mouth repeatedly and remove oral dirt that is easy to fall off. Generally speaking, mouthwash does not need to be added with drugs. If you have special needs, you can follow the doctor's advice. The amount of water used for gargling, the intensity and frequency of gargling should not be too small, otherwise it will not work. Rinsing after meals is limited to removing some food fragments and soft dirt, which can temporarily reduce the number of bacteria in the mouth, but can not remove dental plaque, so simply rinsing can not maintain good oral hygiene. (3) Cleaning the gap between teeth The gap between two teeth is the place where dirt is most likely to remain, and it is also a difficult area to clean. The daily treatment method is usually to remove it with toothpicks or dental floss. (4) Brushing your teeth is the most important daily oral hygiene measure to keep your mouth clean and massage your gums. It can remove oral dirt, such as soft dirt, food residue and some dental plaque, and prevent the accumulation of some dental calculus. How to achieve good oral hygiene? Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important aspects of protecting teeth and gums. Healthy teeth not only make you look beautiful and feel good, but also make it possible for you to eat and speak normally. Good oral hygiene is very important for your overall health. Daily preventive care, including brushing and picking teeth in the right way, can prevent the development of the problem, and it is much more painful, expensive and troublesome to treat the worsening situation. Besides going to the dentist regularly, we can also take some simple measures to greatly reduce the risk of dental caries, gum disease and other dental problems. These measures include: ● Brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day and extract your teeth every day ● Maintain a balanced diet and limit snacks between meals ● Use toothpaste and other dental care products, which contain fluoride ● Rinse your mouth with fluoride mouthwash if the dentist suggests ● Let children under 65,438+02 drink fluoride water, or if they live in a fluoride-free area, add some fluoride products, a new concept of oral health, Xu Meiying, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital. There is also a folk saying that toothache is not a disease, and there are many misunderstandings. The "misunderstanding" of cognition is to spit out the fountain of life at will-saliva regards the nipple with the outline of "human" arranged at the base of tongue as a tumor. In order to prevent the child from crying, it is considered ominous to put sugar in the child's mouth and treat the yellow granules or deciduous teeth on the newborn's gums as monsters. It is believed that neonatal cleft lip (commonly known as rabbit lip) is caused by mother eating rabbit meat during pregnancy. The "misunderstanding" of cognition is not for children's dentition treatment. It is believed that deciduous tooth caries should be replaced anyway without treatment. Smoking and drinking are harmless to the mouth and teeth. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Dental Union (FDI) have formulated specific oral hygiene targets according to the goal of "Health care for all in 2000" adopted by the World Health Assembly 1979. The new concept of oral health is one of the symbols of modern civilization, so that everyone can enjoy complete basic oral health and keep teeth, jaws and related structures in the best functional state. Healthy teeth can be accompanied by lifelong investment in oral health (prevention first). It is not normal that healthy teeth can be accompanied by lifelong "obsolescence". With the promotion of oral health knowledge, the formation of oral health habits, especially the development of modern oral preventive medicine, people can effectively control the occurrence and development of dental caries and periodontal disease, so that millions of people have roughly the same tooth age and life span. Healthy teeth can be accompanied by lifelong practice, which proves that the slogans of "8020" in Japan and "997722" in Europe and America are not "dreams". We should believe in science, change our concepts, and attach importance to self-oral health care. From now on, healthy teeth can be accompanied by lifelong investment in oral health. After people have solved the demand for food and clothing, among the urban population, people have generally paid attention to intellectual investment and are willing to spend money to cultivate the intelligence of the only child, but they can actively spend money on oral health. Most people are passive and wait until they get sick to see a doctor. For dental caries, an oral disease with high incidence, if it can be prevented early, the incidence can be reduced by about 30%, and the cost is only about 10% of the treatment cost. It is often found that when many patients come to see a doctor, their teeth have reached the point where they have to be pulled out, which makes doctors feel very sorry. It is completely in line with China's national conditions and policies to advocate "seeking health care without illness", actively invest in health and take appropriate preventive measures to achieve the goal of strengthening teeth and strengthening the body. Structural milk, the third largest disease in the world-dental caries and permanent tooth caries, is influenced by many factors, mainly bacteria. Chronic progressive destruction of tooth hard tissue is a disease, the cause of dental caries and the progress of dental caries. Dental caries is one of the most harmful diseases. Only when the prevalence of dental caries is 37.3%, there are 1 654,380 billion teeth in China that need filling. Dental caries has been listed as the third largest disease in the world, second only to coronary heart disease and cancer. Give priority to prevention, combining prevention with treatment, so that prevention can promote treatment. The most basic, important and economical way to protect dental health is to brush your teeth. How to brush your teeth and rinse your mouth correctly The correct way to brush your teeth is to advocate vertical brushing. Brush your teeth three times a day for three minutes. It is of great practical significance to standardize and institutionalize the frequency, scope and time of dental disease prevention. What is the most reasonable toothbrush to choose? The latest report on the application of grinding health toothbrush "Repeated colds may be caused by toothbrushes". Maintenance of toothbrush: one for each person to prevent cross infection. After brushing, rinse with clear water several times to dry the moisture between your hair. It is best to change the toothbrush once a month, not more than three months at most. It is best to brush your teeth with warm water. Teeth can only be metabolized when the oral temperature is 35℃ to 36℃, and the water temperature for brushing your teeth should be 35℃ to 37℃. How to rinse your mouth correctly is a simple and easy way to clean your teeth. The correct way to gargle: put mouthwash in your mouth, clench your back teeth, and use the muscle movement of your lips and cheeks to gargle through your teeth. Drinking tea has a good effect on protecting teeth. Tea can prevent the production of bacterial enzymes. Can medicated toothpaste treat dental diseases? It is only an auxiliary product of oral health care and cannot cure diseases. According to the efficacy, it can be divided into: anti-caries toothpaste, anti-gingivitis toothpaste, anti-plaque toothpaste and anti-acid toothpaste. Children's toothpaste and drug toothpaste should be used with caution. Toothpaste should be sold now, pay attention to the shelf life, and stop using it immediately if you have allergies. Tooth washing can prevent heart disease. Improper brushing, food residues, parasitic bacteria, sticky saliva components and exfoliated epithelial cells can mix to form dental plaque, secrete enzyme toxins and toxins, and destroy teeth and periodontal tissues. Dental plaque calcifies into stones, which is more harmful to gums and alveolar bones. The bacterial protein of dental plaque enters the capillaries of inflamed gums and periodontal tissues, causing venous blood agglutination, which casts the pathological basis of potential heart attack. Tooth and gum infections are indeed independent risk factors for heart attack. Talking about what is tooth washing: a method to remove tooth surface pigments (smoke stains, tea rust); The other is called "tooth cleaning" in medicine, which mainly removes plaque and tartar on the surface of teeth. Plaque is an unmineralized bacterial deposit, which has been considered as the main exogenous pathogen leading to inflammatory periodontal disease. Dental calculus is mineralized plaque and other deposits. Both of them persist on the surface of teeth-swelling and bleeding of gums-which can seriously lead to loosening and falling off of teeth. It is not only the first step to treat periodontal disease, but also the best way to prevent further development of periodontal disease. Special reminder: tooth washing is a highly professional technical activity, so you should go to a regular hospital. It should be emphasized that serious and effective brushing is an irreplaceable oral health care method. How to prevent and treat dental diseases in the elderly at an early stage? What are the common oral diseases of the elderly? (1) Dental diseases 1, dental caries: it is a non-infectious disease, which is second only to cardiovascular diseases and cancer, with an incidence rate of 78. 16%. 2. Tooth fracture 3. Pulp disease 4. Periapical disease 2. Periodontal disease: The incidence rate is 72. 17% (2). (1) Happy old age needs oral health; (2) Advocating prevention and finding problems as soon as possible; (3) Why do you have an oral exam regularly? Oral health standard: "clean teeth, no cavities, no pain, normal gum color, no bleeding". Advocate oral examination every six months to prevent and treat diseases early. (4) The relationship between coronary heart disease and toothache in the elderly. Yi Bei 1986, the theme and central slogan of Love Teeth Day in 2002, shows that the number of tooth extractors in periodontitis accounts for 44%, ranking first, which shows the seriousness of periodontal disease. Many people mistakenly believe that periodontal disease can only occur in old age. In fact, gingivitis can occur in children as young as 3 years old. Theme: Focus on Periodontal Disease Center slogan: Prevent periodontal disease and maintain oral health. How to prevent periodontal disease, effectively control dental plaque, pay attention to diet balance and maintain healthy periodontal tissue. Smoking is an aggravating factor of periodontal disease. Advocate smoking cessation, regular oral examination, early detection and treatment of periodontal disease. Self-awareness of gingival bleeding when brushing or biting. The gums are red and swollen, soft, bleeding when touched, and there is tartar on the neck. The gums are not tightly wrapped around the neck of the teeth, and pus will overflow when the gums are gently pressed. The teeth are loose to varying degrees, the bite force is weak, and the roots are exposed. With bad breath, the brushing rate of our population increased from 50% in 1989 to 74. 18% in 2000. Brush your teeth seriously and effectively all your life. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Apple has many functions, including preventing organ sclerosis, killing oral bacteria, relieving diarrhea, relaxing bowels, caring skin and preventing cardiovascular diseases. It can be said that it is a "fairy fruit" in the world. (1) Kill oral bacteria and protect teeth: eat apples slowly. Experiments show that if you eat an apple within 15 minutes, the organic acids and fruit acids in the apple can kill 99% of oral bacteria. (two) to prevent the hardening of human organs. (3) stopping diarrhea and relaxing bowels. (4) Patients with heart disease should eat more apples. Apple pectin fiber can retain excess fat, so that the fat absorbed by the human body can be quickly discharged from the digestive system. Talking about dental implants What is dental implants? First of all, a titanium root should be surgically "planted" on the gum, and then a crown should be inserted on the metal root after the metal root is combined with the surrounding bone. When do you plant it? The best effect is to implant teeth after 3 months of tooth extraction. Our goal is oral health, happiness and longevity. At present, the time required for tooth cleaning varies with the grade and price of the shop. The following report may be helpful to you. After tooth washing (tooth washing), in addition to the correct brushing method, rinse your mouth at least twice a day after meals (brushing your teeth in the morning and evening), and usually buy some sugar-free incense to eat, which is good for tooth washing and facial machine meat. How much does it cost to wash your teeth 2006-04-19 09: 05:18 Mr. Li recently made a tooth cleaning plan for himself and his family, intending to do a high-quality tooth cleaning during May Day to make the holiday comfortable and refreshing. Tooth washing is a good thing, but when he turned his attention to various tooth washing shops, it seems that the good thing has turned into a bad thing-Mr. Li Can can't figure out why the prices of tooth washing in various tooth washing shops and hospitals in Linlin are so different-the cost of a tooth washing ranges from 30 yuan to more than 300 yuan, and the time required ranges from two hours to dozens of minutes, or even ten minutes. Mr. Li is bored: where should he and his family go to wash their teeth? "Tooth washing big discount! Every time I go to 30 yuan, a special advertisement is prominently posted outside a dental clinic in Xiaguan District, attracting the attention of many passers-by. The reporter also went in to have a look: 10 square meters small room, there are three or four customers, only one tooth washer, some of them are worn out, there are several tweezers and pliers in a tray on the table, a customer is lying in the dental clinic, and a doctor in his forties is washing his teeth. The reporter noticed that the doctor did not wear surgical gloves and masks. After about half an hour, the doctor collected the money, washed his hands on tap water, wiped them with a towel hanging on the wall, and then picked up a cotton ball with tweezers and dipped it in alcohol to scrub the head of the tooth cleaner. After washing for about two or three minutes, he told the next customer to lie down. Walking around several districts in Nanjing, the reporter saw that there are quite a few similar small dental clinics. Although the equipment is simple and the sanitary conditions are poor, many customers come to the house because of the cheap price of tooth cleaning. With the improvement of living standards, it is nothing new that people have time to wash their teeth. However, because there are many dental clinics that carry out this business, and the methods and materials are not the same, the price of tooth cleaning is very different, and people are increasingly unable to understand the various prices of tooth cleaning. Cost Recently, in the price list presented by a dental clinic in Nanhu, the price of tooth cleaning is 60 yuan. After a customer washes, the dentist will accept 65 yuan. He explained that in addition, 5 yuan is a one-time plate fee. Before washing teeth, the dentist didn't explain these charges to the customers. In another private clinic, although the cost of filling and inserting teeth is listed on the wall, when a reporter asks the dentist, is this the full cost? The dentist said impatiently, "It depends. "Because of the fierce competition in small clinics, some dental clinics first introduce consumers to their homes at low prices, and then tell consumers to charge more for treatment and disinfection after all treatments. The reporter's investigation also found that although many clinics are marked with unified fees according to the standards of the Price Bureau, the prices of each family are not uniform at all. Besides washing teeth, the prices of filling teeth and extracting teeth are not even the same. Filling teeth with the same resin material, some clinics are priced in 20 yuan, and some are even as expensive as 30 yuan. In addition, some clinics claim that if teeth are planted in this clinic, the cost of tooth extraction is free! The reporter probably investigated the charges for tooth washing in public hospitals. Some hospitals simply wash their teeth 102 yuan, most hospitals 120 yuan, high hospitals 170 yuan or so. Charge 170 yuan. The hospital explained that they not only cleaned the whole teeth of customers, but also cleaned the upper and lower gums, so the charge was higher than other hospitals. Disinfection articles Why do most small clinics need tens of dollars to wash their teeth, while most public hospitals need more than 100 yuan? "These small clinics have neglected the most critical issue, that is, hygiene." Shi Xiaofeng, director of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, told reporters that tooth washing after surgery may lead to "back suction". Disinfectants such as alcohol, iodine and glutaraldehyde can disinfect the head surface of the tooth washer, but they can't do anything about the germs hidden in the gap behind the head, especially the stubborn hepatitis B virus. Professional stomatological hospitals should sterilize the head of tooth washing machine at high temperature, high pressure and vacuum. It is reported that a tooth cleaning device costs only a few thousand yuan, while a professional disinfection device costs tens of thousands of yuan. Who wants to invest in a small clinic? Individual dentists usually invest several thousand yuan to buy a set of tooth cleaning equipment, and then spend several hundred yuan on rent every month to start a business. According to the average 50 yuan for each tooth cleaning, the cost can be recovered in less than a few months. Experts say that among the four major sources of infection in medicine, "oral cavity" accounts for three, namely blood, saliva and air. If disinfection is not done well, infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B can easily spread through the mouth. The disinfection of oral instruments requires a series of rigorous steps, including cleaning, oiling, packaging, filtering and many other links. At present, many dental clinics in the provincial capital simply cannot meet such requirements. Some are simply washed with alcohol, and some are steamed in a pressure cooker. Such disinfection methods can't kill bacteria and viruses at all. The price of tooth cleaning is different. Can the effect be the same? Xia Jinxing, president of Nanjing No.1 Hospital, told reporters that many irresponsible clinics cut corners in procedures. Deep cleaning of teeth often leads to gingival bleeding and bacteremia, so oral disinfection is very important. At present, ultrasonic tooth cleaning is mainly used for tooth cleaning. When ultrasonic cleaning is carried out, the surface of teeth will be slightly scratched. Without post-treatment, fine particles such as pasta can easily adhere to the tooth surface. Under the catalysis of saliva components, tartar will form faster than before, greatly reducing the self-cleaning ability of teeth. After cleaning teeth for customers, regular hospitals will coat a layer of polishing agent on the surface of teeth to restore the normal structure of teeth and delay cleaning. In addition, the tooth washing operation uses the handle of the tooth washing machine, and its disinfection is very important. If there is no high-temperature disinfection and sterilization, it is entirely possible to spread germs from one patient to another through the repeatedly used handle of the tooth washing machine, which is easy to cause gingival bleeding and bacterial infection. Procedures such as pipeline isolation must be strictly implemented by professionals. Private dental clinics often omit polishing when they meet customers who don't know how to wash their teeth. Therefore, it takes more than an hour to clean teeth in a big hospital, but it often takes less than 40 minutes to complete the task in a private dental clinic. Go to the hospital to wash your teeth and ask yourself if you have any infectious diseases. It is true that some citizens not only have to wait in line to wash their teeth in big hospitals, but also doctors have to ask the tooth washers whether they have infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, which often makes them feel inconvenient. However, individual dental clinics never ask customers whether they have a history of infectious diseases, and so on, and "make great efforts" in service. The guests are all here, ready to wash. Shi Xiaofeng, director of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, said that at present, the hospital has not received any cases of hepatitis B infection due to tooth washing, but he also admitted that dental treatment is an important channel for the spread of blood-borne diseases. He said that the process of tooth cleaning is also the process of oral examination, and some potential diseases can be found. If it is in a regular hospital, it can also be treated immediately and effectively. Practice has proved that it is very harmful to wash teeth in irregular places. The Stomatological Clinical Hospital summarized three aspects: First, only the visible tartar was removed, leaving the deep tartar with the strongest pathogenic effect, which failed to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating periodontal disease. Second, the damage to the gums, especially the root exposure after tartar removal, can not be further treated in time, which not only leads to unbearable pain for patients, but also aggravates the condition of periodontal disease. Third, it is easy to cause cross-infection and bring undue regret to people. Therefore, we should carefully choose the place to wash our teeth, and go to a regular hospital to find a strictly trained medical staff to wash our teeth. A doctor friend who has been engaged in dentistry for many years revealed to reporters the inside story of fake doctors and fake materials in the dental clinic. According to him, in order to save costs, some unscrupulous dentists simply don't use ultrasonic instruments to wash their teeth, but just find some cleaning agents to smear on their customers' teeth, and the safety and effect are not guaranteed. In addition to washing teeth, some unscrupulous hospitals also make cans into special steel wires for fixing teeth when extracting teeth. You know, the stimulation of the can skin on the root can easily cause tooth damage; Anesthetic should have been used when pulling teeth, but some dentists changed it to a highly corrosive drug. When using this medicine to extract teeth, patients do not feel pain, but it is very easy to cause infection. In addition, some clinics specialize in collecting waste denture materials from regular hospitals for reprocessing. This kind of material looks glamorous on the surface, but there are actually many security risks. Editor's Note: With regard to the price difference among dental clinics in Linlin, Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau said that regular hospitals are subject to standard pricing, which may lead to some price differences due to different materials. The price of tooth washing in informal clinics may be set by the owner himself, or it may be set according to the market situation, not approved by the price bureau. In the near future, they will organize personnel to inspect some key clinics. Source: boutique health guide 1. People with periodontal disease should treat periodontal disease first, then clean or wash their teeth, otherwise they will bleed a lot, remember; Second, bad breath is basically caused by periodontal disease, which needs to be treated first; Third, please go to a specialized hospital to treat periodontal disease, take some antibacterial drugs and use medicinal mouthwash; Fourth, brush your teeth in the morning and evening (with a soft toothbrush and a vertical brush), rinse your mouth after meals, and floss your teeth with toothpicks to maintain oral hygiene; Fourth, eat less or even don't eat food that is easy to get angry, eat more vegetables, and keep the stool smooth; Fifth, drink plenty of water and rinse your mouth before each drink. It's in my blog. Eat more chewing gum and wash it with salt water several times. Don't eat food that gets angry easily. Wash it with salt water several times. I heard from my mother that you should remember to rinse your mouth and keep your mouth clean after eating. You can also chew some gum. In addition, you should also use good toothpaste when brushing your teeth, and don't be greedy for cheap. It usually takes half an hour to wash your teeth. It doesn't mean that the more expensive the better. This is not necessarily true. In order to wash teeth white, some hospitals will add some bleach to the tooth washing water, which is not good for teeth and corrosive to teeth. So it is best to wash your teeth with pure water, as long as it is clean. If possible, it is best to go to the stomatological hospital for examination once a month. In this way, if there is anything wrong with your teeth, you can find it as soon as possible and see a doctor as soon as possible. Bad breath may be caused by excessive internal heat. It is recommended to drink some herbal tea and often use mouthwash. For many years, the effective way to keep your mouth clean and prevent bad breath is habit: besides drinking water, you should brush your teeth after eating, and always ensure that there is no food residue in your mouth. First, see if there is something wrong with your stomach! Gum bleeding, usually bad breath, is related to the digestive system! ! ! ! ! Treat the outside first! ! ! ! The best way to maintain oral hygiene and dental health is to do three things to keep your teeth in excellent condition, and you don't need anything at all: 1. Brush your teeth every morning and evening. It is best to floss your teeth at the same time. 2。 After dinner. 3。 Wash your teeth once every six months (almost half an hour). If the teeth are in poor condition, they should be deeply washed. Generally speaking, deep washing twice, washing half at a time.