process flow
operation technology
(1) lofting
Lofting is to draw the structure of wooden products according to the full scale of 1: 1, and make a sample
board (or sample bar). The sample is made of pine, and it is polished on both sides, with a thickness of about 25cm. It can only be used after careful checking, and lofting is the basis of batching, cutting and marking
. During use, pay attention to keep the marking clear and avoid bending or breaking it.
(2) batching and cutting
batching is carried out on the basis of lofting. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the size and quantity of each component, list the batching list, and make batching according to the batching list.
When mixing ingredients, raw materials should be selected, and rotten, oblique-cracked and scarred wood should be avoided as much as possible;
wood that is not dry cannot be used. Careful calculation, long and short collocation, first with long materials, then with short materials; Frame material shall be prepared first, and then fan material shall be prepared. When the door
window material is bent forward, the bending degree is generally less than 4mm, and those who bend it are not allowed to use it.
When batching, the machining allowance should be reasonably determined, and the size of the rough material of each component should be larger than that of the clean material. For details, please refer to the following:
Section size: single-sided planed light is increased by 1 ~ 1.5 2～3mm, and double-sided planed light is increased by 2 ~ 3 mm. When machining, the length allowance of single-sided planing increases by
3mm and double-sided planing increases by 5mm
. See Table 7.1.4.2.
Pay attention to the defects of wood when batching, and the knots should be away from the eyes and tenons to prevent chipping or tenon breaking; It is also forbidden to have knot scars at the starting point < P >.
Cut and saw lines are drawn on the selected wood according to the size of wool. Considering the loss of sawn wood, the loss of 2-
3mm is generally reserved. When sawing, note that the sawing line is straight and the end face is flat.
(3) planing materials
When planing materials, it is advisable to use the lining material with clear texture as the front surface, choose any narrow surface as the front surface for the materials that have grown two millimeters, and only plane the stiles and risers of doors and windows
frames, without planing the side against the wall; The upper risers and stiles of doors and window sashes can also be planed on three sides first, and the side next to the door sill
can be planed again according to the size of the seam when it is installed.
after planing, the fans of the same type and specification should be stacked separately, and aligned up and down. Each front is consistent, and the bottom of the stack should be
padded and flat.
(4) scribing
scribing is to draw tenon lines and eyeliner on each planed wood according to the structural requirements of doors and windows.
before marking, it is necessary to make clear the size and form of tenon and eye, where to make tenon and where to cut eye, and make clear that the drawings should
sum up the sample styles, and the sizes and specifications must be consistent, and make samples first, and then formally mark after passing the examination. There is no special requirement for doors and windows
, and the flat shoulder plug can be used. Has grown two millimeters wide more than 8mm, to draw a double tenon; When the thickness of the door leaf stile exceeds 6mm
, double tenons should be drawn. Draw a single tenon below 6 mm. If the width of the header is greater than 18mm, the upper and lower tenons are generally painted. The thickness of tenon
eye is generally 1/4 ~ 1/3 of the material thickness. Generally, the depth of semi-mortise is not more than 1/4 of the material section, and the shoulder should be < P > consistent with tenon.
line drawing in batches should be carried out on the line drawing frame. Stack the door and window materials on the shelf, tighten and fix the screws, and then draw them with a T-square
at one time, which is accurate and rapid, and mark the front or face of the door and window materials. Indicate whether all tenons and eyes are full eyes or
half eyes, through tenons or half tenons. After the front eyeliner is drawn, draw the eyeliner to the back, and draw the chamfering and cutting lines,
so that all the lines are drawn. It is required that the lines should be drawn clearly, accurately and completely.
(5) Drilling
Before drilling, you should choose a chisel equal to the eye width, and the drilled eyes should be straight on both sides along the wood grain, without making mistakes. Punch all
eyes first, and then half an eye. The whole eye should be hit on the back first, and when it is halfway through, it should be turned over and hit on the front until it runs through. The front of the eye
should leave half a line, and the back should leave no line, but it is slightly wider than the front. When tenoning in this way, the impact can be reduced, so as to avoid squeezing around the mouth of the eye
.
in batch production, always check and check the position and size of the eye to avoid errors.
(6) tenoning and shoulder pulling
tenoning is also called inverted egg, that is, sawing longitudinally according to the tenon line. Shoulder pulling is to saw off the shoulders on both sides of the tenon, and the tenon is made by tenoning and pulling the shoulders.
half a chalk line should be left for shoulder pulling and tenoning. The sawed tenon should be square and straight, and the mortise should be intact, and it has not been sawed by shoulder pulling < P >. The length of half tenon should be 2 ~ 3 mm less than the depth of half eye. The sawn tenon shall be square and straight, and the tenon root shall not be damaged.
the wedge is chamfered to prevent the back of the eye from cracking when installing the wedge.
(7) Cutting and chamfering
Cutting is to cut off a square corner of the frame for glass loading. Use a cutting plane or a crooked mouth plane. When the part to be planed
is planed quickly, use a single-line planer to remove the sawdust until the plane is finished. The cut mouth should be square and straight, and there should be no pilling and unevenness. Chamfering is also called chamfering, that is, planing off a triangular part along the frame. The chamfering shall be straight and firm, and shall not cross the line. The cutting mouth can also be cut with a chainsaw. lmm should be left and then planed to the required position with a single-line planer.
(8) Assembling
Before assembling, the parts should be inspected, and the parts should be square and straight, with neat and distinct feet, smooth surface, size specifications and
styles meeting the design requirements. And use a fine plane to smooth the remaining ink lines.
The door and window frames are assembled by putting one side stile in the eye and then installing the other side stile; Knock lightly with a hammer, and when knocking,
pad the wood block to prevent the tenon from being damaged or leaving knocking marks. After the whole piece is put together and returned to the square, knock all tenons down, and
saw off the exposed tenons. When assembling, glue the wedge head first, and then tap it gently with a hammer.
the assembly method of door and window sash is basically the same as that of door and window frame. However, if the wooden fan has a door core, the door core must be cut according to the size first. A normal door core should be 3 ~ 5 mm smaller than the size measured on the edge of the door leaf, and the four sides of the door core should be chamfered and shaved. Then,
first, lay a door stile flat, and load the risers one by one. The door core plate is embedded in the groove between the risers and the door stile, and then aim the eye of the other door stile at the tenon, and knock it tightly with a hammer pad.
After the door and window frames and sashes are assembled, in order to make them a solid whole, wooden wedges must be added in the eyes, and the tenons should be squeezed tightly in the eyes
. The length of the wedge is 2/3 of the tenon, and the width is 1/2 narrower than the eye width, such as 4' eyes, and the width of the wedge is 3 1/2'.
The wedge head shall be shoveled along the grain with a flat shovel. When adding wedge, the founder of door and window frames and fans shall be checked first, so as to master the twisting situation, so as to
adjust and correct it when adding wedge.
generally, two wedges must be added in each tenon. When wedge is added, chisel the tenon with a chisel or axe, and glue the two
surfaces of the wedge and insert them into the seam. Knock the wedge lightly before heavy, and gradually beat people, not too hard. When the wedge can't be driven, and
the eyes are tight and full, don't knock again, so as not to crack the wood. In the process of adding wedge, the frame and fan should always use the angle < P > ruler or ruler rod to find the founder, and correct the unevenness of the frame and fan, and pay attention to the correction when adding wedge.
the assembled doors, windows and fans shall be planed with a fine plane, and the smooth surface shall be planed first. Double doors and windows should be matched well, and the cut of the seam should be planed well. Before installing
, the side of the door and window frame against the wall should be painted with a preservative to enhance the anti-corrosion ability.
in order to prevent the deformation of the door and window frame during transportation, a pull rod is nailed to the lower end of the door frame, and the lower skin of the pull rod is just a kerf. For large
door and window frames, splayed struts should be nailed between the middle penetration and the stile, and splayed struts should also be nailed at the four corners outside.
after the door and window frames are assembled and cleaned, they should be packed neatly according to the room number and specifications, and wooden blocks should be padded under the stacking.
stacking in the open air is not allowed. Cover it with tarpaulin to prevent sun and rain. Door and window frames should be painted with bottom oil as soon as possible after entering the site to prevent wind
cracking and pollution.
(9) Post-installation of door and window frames
1) After the main structure is completed, recheck the elevation, size and wooden brick position of the hole.
2) temporarily fix the door window frame in the corresponding position in the door and window opening with a wooden wedge.
3) use messenger wire to correct the verticality of the front and side of the frame, and use a spirit level to correct the levelness of the frame riser.
4) Nail the wooden brick with the nail that smashed the nail cap. Nail cap should be 1 ~ 2mm inside the wooden frame, and each wooden brick should be nailed in two places.
5) High-grade hardwood door frames shall be screwed with drilled wood screws and screwed into the wood frame for 5mm to fill holes with equivalent wood.
(1) Installation of door and window sash
1) Measure the net size of the opening, and consider the width of the seam. Determine the height and width dimensions of the door sash, draw the middle < P > line at the middle seam first, and then draw the sideline, and ensure that the width is quite consistent.
draw a line on four sides.
2) If the height and width of the door and window sash are too large, the redundant parts shall be planed off. When repairing and planing, the residual head should be sawed before repairing and planing. When the door/window
is double-cased, the high and low seams should be overlapped first, and the right casement in the opening direction should be pressed against the left casement.
3) If the height and width of the door and window sash are too small, you can use glue and nails to bind the shaved wood strips at the bottom or at the hinge side. Nail the
cap flat and nail it into the batten for 1-2mm. Then saw off the remaining head and planed it flat.
4) The bottom edge of the flat fan, the upper and lower edges of the middle suspended fan, the lower edge of the upper suspended fan, the upper edge of the lower suspended fan and other edges that are in contact with the frame and are easy to rub
should be planed into lmm inclined planes.
5) when trying to install the door sash, you should first plug it under the door sash with a wooden wedge, and then check the gap, and pay attention to the straight alignment of the window stare blankly and the glass core. Draw the position line of the hinge after it is qualified, and pick the groove to install the hinge.
(11) Installation of hardware for doors and windows
1) All hardware must be fixed and installed with wooden screws, and it is forbidden to use nails instead. When using wood screws, first hammer
into 1/3 of the total length, and then screw in with a screwdriver. When the wooden doors and windows are hardwood, first drill a hole with the diameter of .9
times of the diameter of the wooden screw, and the depth of the hole is 2/3 of the total length of the wooden screw, and then screw in the wooden screw.
2) The distance between the hinge and the upper and lower ends of the door and window sash is 1/1 of the height of the sash, and the upper and lower risers are avoided. You must be flexible when you are settled.
3) The height of the door lock is about .9 ~ 1.5 m from the ground, and the tenons of the middle riser and the edge stand should be staggered.
4) The door window handle should be located below the center line of the door window sash, and the window handle should be 1.5 ~ 1.6m away from the ground.
5) The wind hook of the window should be installed at the included angle between the lower riser of the window frame and the lower riser of the window sash, so that the window will form a 9-degree angle after opening, and the upper and lower
layers of window sashes will be uniform after opening.
6) The door latch is located under the door handle. When installing the window bolt, the bolt bottom plate should be fixed first, then the window should be closed for indentation and hole drilling, and
the bolt should be hit.
7) For doors whose door leaves are easy to touch the wall after opening, a door suction should be installed to fix the door leaves.
8) Hardware should be installed completely, located properly and fixed reliably.