This is a question about the names of ancient people.
Let’s answer this question first: ancient people’s titles include names, characters, names, etc. Names are given by fathers or elders and are used for self-proclaiming, biography, introduction, etc.; characters are the names that ancient people named when they were young. , adults (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) choose the word, and there is a meaningful connection between the word and the name. The word is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for the peers or elders; the name, also called an alias or a nickname, is chosen by oneself, and is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain ambition or express a certain Emotion, the title of a person is also a kind of honorific.
Sun Tzu, whose original name is Sun Wu, has the courtesy name Changqing, and his nickname has never been heard of. Therefore, Sun Tzu should probably call himself Sun Wu, while others should respectfully call him Sun Changqing or Changqing.
As for the titles of ancient people, the following are detailed information:
There are roughly three situations in which people call themselves by name: (1) Claiming their first name or first name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splatter blood on his neck," and "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaces his poem by himself." (2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou". (3) Call someone you hate or despise. For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the front, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the back."
The ancients named the names when they were young, and then picked the names as adults (20 years old for men and 15 years old for women). There is a meaningful connection between the words and the names. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors. For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is called Sima Junshi, Su Shi For Su Zizhan, Su Zhe for Su Ziyou and so on.
The title number is also called an alias number or a table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a given name and a nickname is that the former is chosen by the father or elders, while the latter is chosen by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a title of honor for a person. For example: Tao Qian was known as Mr. Wuliu, Li Bai was known as Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu was known as Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi was known as Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin was known as Yuxisheng, He Zhizhang was known as Siming Kuangke in his later years, Ouyang Xiu was known as Drunkard, and Liuyi Jushi in his later years. In his later years, Wang Anshi was known as Banshan, Su Shi was known as Dongpo Jushi, Lu You was known as Fangweng, Wen Tianxiang was known as Wenshan, Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao was known as Yi Anjushi, Yang Wanli was known as Chengzhai, Luo Guanzhong was known as Huhaisanren, Guan Hanqing was known as Jizhaisou, and Wu Chengen The names are from Sheyangshan, Fang Bao is from Wangxi, Wu Jian is from Foshan, Yuan Mei is from Suiyuan Laoren, and Liu E is from Hongdu Bailiansheng.
Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles. For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong. male. And calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".
Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house named Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Xibao because his house was named Xibaoxuan. Another example is calling Pu Songling Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is Zhuangfei Tower).
For example, the poet Meng Haoran of the Tang Dynasty was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liuhedong; the Northern Song Dynasty Wang Anshi was from Linchuan, Jiangxi, so he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty playwright Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong He was known as Kang Nanhai; the leader of the Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of irony: "The Prime Minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world." "Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet refers to Weng Tongjie, who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.
Although Han Yu, who was called Jun Wang, was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu". The world then called him Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun.
The official name is such as "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general touolu, so he was called. "Mei Hua Ling Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to escape, and Wen Shaobao also realized the great light and the cicada escaped." "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, and "Tai Shi" It is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang. "A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Master's forgetfulness of love." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou.
It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as personal titles. For example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped the doctor of Zhongsan and was called Ji in the world. Zhongsan; Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of the Youjun Army, and people still call him Wang Youjun; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi, and because he served as inspector He was a member of the Ministry of Industry, so he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi was a guest of the prince, and was called a guest Liu; Liu Yong was a member of the Tuntian, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy in Duanming Palace, and was called Su Xueshi .
The title of the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Laigong was the most extravagant in modern times." Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Laigong was the provincial title. "The Story of Meihua Ridge" "Prince Heshuo of Yu calls him Sir", and Duoduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty. "The Biography of Liu Jingting" "When Ningnan went south, the commander-in-chief of Anhui wanted to marry Ningnan, so he paid tribute to the pavilion in the shogunate." Ningnan was the provincial name of Ningnanhou, Zuoliang Yujue's title in the late Ming Dynasty. Another example is that Zhuge Liang once had the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations called him Wuhou; the poet Xie Lingyun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties inherited the title of his ancestor Xie Xuan, Kang Le Gong, and was called Xie Kang Le in his later life; Wei Zheng, the famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty, once knighted Zheng Guogong, and was called Wei Zheng Gong in his later life; The famous general Guo Ziyi was knighted as the Duke of Fenyang County for his meritorious service in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion", and was known as Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was knighted as the Duke of Henan Province, and was known as Chu Henan in the world; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was knighted as the Duke of Jingguo, and was known as Wang Jinggong in the world; Sima Guangzeng He was granted the title Wen Guogong, known as Sima Wen Gong in the world. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's minister Liu Ji was granted the title Lord Chengyi, and people regarded him as Lord Chengyi.
The official place refers to the name of the place where the official is appointed. For example, "The Battle of Chibi": "Where do you want to go to Yuzhou now?" Because Liu Bei once served as the governor of Yuzhou, it was called the official land. Another example is that Jia Yi was once demoted to the title of Prince Taifu of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", served as the Prime Minister of Beihai, and was known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming once served as the magistrate of Pengze, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world; King Luo Bin once served as Linhai County Magistrate, known as Luo Linhai in the world; Cen Shen once served as the governor of Jiazhou, known as Cen Jiazhou in the world; Wei Yingwu once served as the governor of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in the world; Liu Zongyuan once served as the governor of Liuzhou, known as Liuliuzhou in the world; Jia Dao once served as the chief administrator of Changjiang County, known in the world He was called Jia Changjiang, and his collection of poems was called "Changjiang Collection".
It is also known as "the four people are Luling Xiaojun Guijunyu, Changle Wang Huishenfu, Yu Di An Guopingfu, An Shangchunfu" in "A Journey to Baochan Mountain". The first two are both. The place of birth, name and character are mentioned, and the latter two first write down the relationship with the author, and then the name and character; "Tombstones of Five Persons" "The wise scholar and official, the official is Wu Gong, Taishi Wenqi Wen Gong, Meng Chang Yao Gong" , the first two were given both official positions, given names and surnames, and the latter were given both given names and surnames; in "Meihua Ridge", "The governor, Shi Zhonglie, knew that the situation was unstoppable", and were given both official positions and posthumous titles, "Ma Deputy Envoy Mingluan, Ren Taishou" "Min Yu and all the generals Liu Dudu Zhaoji and others are dead", it is also called the surname, official position and given name; "Chu Zhi" "I was in the history museum and heard that Mr. Tao of Hanlin Tiantai said about Boji", it is also called the official position, place of birth and honorific title.
Modest title (1) expresses a humble attitude and is used to describe oneself. Stupid, humbly saying that you are not smart. Condescending, humbly saying that one's knowledge is shallow. We, it is not good to humbly call yourself or your things. Humble, humbly calling oneself of low status. Plagiarism means privately and privately, and its use often has the connotation of being reckless and abrupt. Minister, humbly saying that one's status is not as high as that of the other party. Servant means humbly referring to yourself as the servant of the other party. Using it means serving the other party. (2) The self-effacing words of ancient emperors include Gu (the king of a small country), Wu (a person with little virtue), and Bu Gu (not good). (3) The self-effacing words of ancient officials include Xiaguan, Moguan, Xiaoli, etc. (4) Scholars' self-effacing words include "xiaosheng", "wansheng" and "late studies", etc., which means that they are new students; if they are untalented, not sycophantic, and unworthy, it means that they have no talent or have mediocre talents. (5) When ancient people referred to their relatives and friends, they often used modest words such as "home" and "home". "Jia" is a modest word used when others refer to one's senior or older relatives, such as father, mother, brother, etc. "She" is used to humbly refer to one's own home or one's humble relatives. The former is like a humble house, a poor house, and the latter is like a brother-in-law, a sister-in-law, a nephew, etc. (6) Other self-effacing words include: Because the ancients respected the elder when sitting at a table, juniors or people with low status were humbled; Xiao is the self-effacing expression of people with a certain status, meaning that they are ordinary and not worth mentioning; brat It is how younger children call themselves father, brother, elders; when old people are humble, they call themselves old men, old men, old men, old clumsy, etc.; women call themselves concubines; old monks call themselves old monks; they call their own monarchs as ojun to other countries.
Honorific titles express respect and politeness, and are also called "honorific titles." (1) The honorific titles for the emperor include Long Live, Holy Lord, Holy Master, Son of Heaven, His Majesty, etc. Chai, originally refers to the emperor's chariot. The ancients believed that the emperor should travel around the world in a car, so they used "drive" to refer to the emperor. Ancient emperors believed that their political power was established by orders from heaven, so they called the emperor the Son of Heaven. In ancient times, ministers did not dare to go directly to the emperor, so they told the people under the majesty (on the steps of the palace) and asked them to convey their meaning, so they called the emperor "your majesty" instead. (2) The honorific title for the crown prince and prince is Your Highness. (3) The honorific title given to the general is subordinate. (4) Honorific titles for people with a certain social status: Addressing envoys as "Your Excellency"; addressing people with certain social status as "Your Excellency" such as Sangong and County Sheriffs. Nowadays, they are mostly used in diplomatic situations, such as "Your Excellency the Ambassador". (5) Honorific titles for the other party or the other party’s relatives include Ling, Zun, Xian, etc. Ling means good, and is used to address the other party’s relatives, such as your father (the other party’s father), your father’s mother (the other party’s mother), your father’s wife (the other party’s wife), your elder brother (the other party’s brother), your son (the other party’s son), and your love. (the other party’s daughter).
Zun is used to refer to people or things related to the other party, such as zunshang (called the other party's parents), zungong, zunjun, zunfu (all called the other party's father), zuntang (the other party's mother), zunqin (the other party's relative), Zunjia (addressing the other party), Zunming (the other party’s instructions), and Zunyi (the other party’s intention). Xian is used to refer to peers or juniors, such as Xianjia (referred to as the other party), Xianlang (referred to as the other party's son), and Xiandi (referred to as the other party's younger brother). Ren means love and respect, and has a wide range of applications. For example, calling a friend of the same generation who is older than oneself is a benevolent brother, calling a person with a high status a benevolent man, etc. (6) Addressing the elderly as father-in-law or father-in-law, as in "Zi Lu came here and met his father-in-law" (The Analects of Confucius). After the Tang Dynasty, father-in-law and father-in-law specifically referred to the wife's father, also known as Taishan, and the wife's mother was called mother-in-law or Taishui. (7) "Xian" is added in front of the title to indicate death. It is used to address high-status people or older people. For example, the deceased emperor is called Xiandi, the deceased father is called Xiankao or Xianfu, and the deceased is called Xiankao or Xianfu. The deceased mother is called Xianci or Xianci, and the talented and virtuous people who have died are called sages. Adding "太" or "大" before the title indicates the older generation. For example, the emperor's mother is called the queen mother, the grandfather is called the eldest (grandfather), and the grandmother is called the eldest (grandmother). After the Tang Dynasty, deceased emperors were often called by temple names, such as Tang Taizong, Tang Xuanzong, Song Taizu, Song Renzong, Yuan Shizu, Ming Taizu, etc.; in the Ming and Qing dynasties, emperors were also called by their reign names, such as calling Zhu Yuanzhang Emperor Hongwu. , Zhu Youjian was called Emperor Chongzhen, Xuanye was called Emperor Kangxi, and Hongli was called Emperor Qianlong. (8) Honorific titles for those who respect the elders and used among peers include Jun, Zi, Gong, Shixia, Master, Sir, Sir, etc. (9) The respectful title for a king to his minister is Qing or Aiqing. (10) "Sage" is used to express respect for people with noble character and superior wisdom. For example, Confucius is called a saint and Mencius is called a sub-sage. Later, "holy" was mostly used for emperors, such as sage, sage, etc.
The epithet expresses an attitude of contempt and scolding. For example, "Jing Ke Assassins the King of Qin": "Those who have not rebelled in the past are Shu Zi." "Mao Sui Zhi Jian": "Bai Qi, Xiao Shu Zi Er." "Hongmen Banquet": "Shu Zi is not enough to make plans!" "The Peacock Flies Southeast": " The boy is fearless, how dare he help a woman with words!”
There are mainly four types of special titles:
(1) Common people’s titles. Common ones include Buyi, Qianshou, Limin, Shengmin, common people, Lishu, Cangsheng, Liyuan, Meng, etc.
(2)Professional title. For some people whose occupation is crafts, a word indicating their occupation is often added in front of their name so that people can know the person's professional identity at a glance. For example, "Paoding" in "Pao Ding Jie Niu", "Ding" is the name, and "Pao" is the chef, indicating the occupation. "Shi Xiang" in "Shi Shuo" and "Shi Kuang" mentioned in "The Meeting of Heroes and Jiang Qianzhong", "Shi" means musician and indicates occupation. "You Meng" in "The Biography of Liu Jingting" refers to the artist named "Meng". "You" is also called actor or actor. In ancient times, it was used to refer to artists whose profession is music, dance and banter. Later, it was also called opera actor.
(3) Titles between different friendship relationships. Friends made when one is poor and lowly in status are called "friends of the poor and humble"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "friends of the Golden Orchid"; friends who share life, death, and hardships are called "friends who cut one's throat"; Friends formed during times of adversity are called "friends in need"; friends who share the same feelings and have a deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; good friends of the opposite sex who grew up together are called "friends in adversity"; friends who meet as civilians are called "friends who are friends with each other". "Friends of ordinary people"; friends with different generations and large age differences are called "Wangnianjiao"; friends who are not restricted by status and appearance are called "Wangxingjiao"; friends who have a deep friendship that does not change due to changes in status are called "Chelijiao" "Friends who support each other morally are called "Junzijiao"; friends who have similar minds and know each other deeply are called "Shenjiao" ("Shenjiao" also refers to friends who admire each other but have never met in person).
(4) Title of age. The age of the ancients was sometimes not expressed with numbers. They did not directly tell how old someone was or how old they were, but instead used an age-related title instead.
Tiao refers to children aged three to four to eight or nine years old (tiao, the short hair hanging down on the heads of ancient children).
Zongjiao is a boy between the ages of eighty-nine and thirteen or fourteen years old (in ancient times, children divided their hair into two halves, the left and right halves, and tied each into a knot on the top of their head, shaped like two goat horns, so they are called "Zongjiao") ").
Cardamom is between the ages of thirteen or fourteen and fifteen or sixteen years old (cardamom is a plant that blooms in early summer. Early summer is not yet midsummer, which is a metaphor for people who are not yet minors, so the underage boyhood is called the "cardamom years". ).
The hair is tied when a man reaches the age of fifteen (at the age of fifteen, a man must disband his original hair and tie it into a bunch).
The weak crown is when a man is twenty years old (in ancient times, when a man was twenty years old, he was crowned, indicating that he was an adult. Because he had not yet reached his prime, he was called "weak crown").
Erli means a man is thirty years old (Li means "to establish oneself and to establish oneself").
Buhuo means a man is forty years old (Buhuo means "not confused, not confused").
Zhiming means a man is fifty years old (Zhiming means "knowing destiny").
The sixty-year-old is sixty years old. Guxi is seventy years old.
耄(mao)耋(die) refers to eighty or ninety years old.
Qiyi refers to one hundred years old.
The age of early childhood education. The age of dancing spoons at the age of 10. The age of studying at the age of 13. The age of standing up at the age of 15 (single bun, bun, and bun). The year of strong family. The year of strong officialdom at the age of 30. Year. The Spring and Autumn Period is at its peak. 40-year-old Ai Lao. Serves as an official. 50-year-old is the year of the country. Senior year. 60-year-old is the year of the country. Year of becoming an official. 70-year-old is the year of the dynasty. 80-year-old. Pear. Yellow hair. 90 years old
The year of breaking the melon. The first division of melon characters. The age of jasper. The woman is 16 years old. The year of wind and letter. The year of flower letter. 24 years old
In traditional Chinese medicine In the literature, there are records about "Tian Nian" (the natural life span of human beings) - such as Huangdi's "Su Wen." "Ancient Innocence Theory" said: "Use your natural years and live a hundred years before passing away"; "Lingshu Jing." "Tian Nian" mentioned three times that a person's natural year is "a hundred years old", and also said that "a person can live to be a hundred years old and die"; another example is "Shang Shu. "Hongfan Pian" takes one hundred and twenty years as lifespan - it is estimated that the natural age of human beings is between one hundred and one hundred and twenty years old. This is generally consistent with the calculations of modern science, indicating that the natural life span of human beings can live to over a hundred years old.
However, factors such as heredity, natural environment, culture and education, natural and man-made disasters, diseases, accidents, and personal lifestyles and habits often cause people to have bad luck and leave regrets, so birthday wishes are generally, Most of the time, prayers are offered with metaphors of firmness. Popular words include "life as long as Nanshan Mountain", "life as long as pine trees", "longevity as bright as the sun and moon", "blessing as the East Sea", etc. In fact, in addition to these standards, there are some symbolic terms for longevity in social situations, which are more metaphorical and elegant!
"Xi Shou" refers to the age of seventy-seven: the cursive script [xi] looks like seventy-seven, so it refers to the age of seventy-seven. "Mishou" means eighty-eight years old: the word "rice" is broken down to look like eighty-eight years old, so it refers to eighty-eight years old. "White longevity" refers to ninety-nine years: one hundred minus one is ninety-nine. "白" is borrowed from the word "hundred" minus one horizontal line to refer to ninety-nine years. "Cha Shou" is a little bit difficult to understand. The cursor of the character "tea" looks like twenty, and the rest can be broken down into eighty-eight. The two add up to one hundred and eight, so it means one hundred and eight years old.
In addition, "sixty years old" is also called the year of hearing, the year of returning to calendar, and the year of sixty; "seventy years old" is also called the year of ancient times, the year of hanging chariot, and the year of stick country; The year of Chaozhang and the age of the octogenarian refer to "eighty or ninety years old"; the year of Qiyi refers to "one hundred years old".
The beginning of tooth decay---refers to the age when teeth are first changed, about seven or eight years old.
The age of study---fifteen years old (male).
The age of hairpin---fifteen years old (female).
Twenty-eight years old---sixteen years old.
The year of Huaxin---twenty-four years old.
The heyday of Spring and Autumn - the period of prime of life.
The year of establishment - thirty years old.
The age of forty.
The age of knowing one’s destiny---fifty years old.
The year when the ears become smooth---sixty years old.
The age of sixty---sixty years old.
The year of suspension---the year of retirement.
The year of Congxin---seventy years old.
Seventy years old---seventy years old.
Old age---seventy to eighty.
1. Interesting Talk about Age Appellations
Since ancient times, there are many names for infants, young, young, young, strong, middle-aged and old in our country. Tasteful and fun.
Under one year old - infancy;
2~3 years old - child;
Girl 7 years old - 40 years old;
Boys aged 8 years old---year-old;
General name for childhood--Zongjiao;
Under 10 years old--Huangkou;
13~15 years old-- The year of the dancing spoon;
15~20 years old - the year of the dancing elephant;
12 years old (female) - the year of the golden hairpin;
13 Years old (female) - cardamom years,
15 years old (female) - the age of hairpin; 16 years old (female) - broken melon years, jasper years;
20 years old (female) - the peach and plum years;
24 years old (female) the flowery years;
Getting married - the plum year;
To 30 years old (female) - middle-aged lady;
20 years old (male) - weak crown;
30 years old (male) - 30 years old;
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40 years old (male) - the age of no confusion, the age of strength;
50 years old - the age of over half a century, the age of knowing what is wrong, the age of knowing fate, the age of taking moxa, the age of adulthood Year of Yan;
60 years old - sixty years old, flat-headed armor, ear-shun year, year of the country of the stick;
70 years old - ancient times, year of the country of the stick, year of causing trouble , the year of coming to power;
80 years old - the year of the stick;
80~90 years old - the age of old age;
90 years old Year;
100 years old - Qi Yi.
2. Another name for age in ancient times
Zongjiao: refers to childhood.
The phrase comes from the Book of Songs, such as "Zongjiao's Banquet" in "Shi·Weifeng·Meng", and "Zongjiao Xi" in "Qifeng·Futian". From now on, childhood will be called "General Corner". Preface to Tao Yuanming's poem "Rongmu": "When the chief minister hears the Tao, he has nothing to accomplish.
"
Chui Zuo: refers to childhood.
In ancient times, boys had no crowns and their hair drooped, so "Chui Zuo" refers to childhood. Pan Yue's "Yutian Fu": "The ruffles are worn brown, The whole hair is hanging down. ”
Hair binding: refers to teenagers.
Generally refers to around 15 years old, when you should learn various skills. "Dadai Liji·Bao Fu": "Binding hair and getting married In university, it is necessary to learn great skills and practice great ethics. "
Jiji: Refers to a woman who is 15 years old.
The saying comes from "The Book of Rites·Nei Principles" "A woman... will have her hair tied for fifteen years." "Hairhair" refers to the knot of hair. Using a hairpin to express the age of marriage
Waiting years: refers to a woman who is ready to get married, also known as "waiting character"
The phrase comes from "Book of the Later Han·Cao". "The Queen's Notes" "The young ones wait for the year in the country". From now on, the age when a woman is waiting for marriage is called "waiting for the year". "Selected Works of the Song Dynasty: Emperor Yuan's Ai Cewen": "The love is waiting for the year, and the golden sound is full of vibrancy." ”
Weak crown: refers to a man who is 20 years old.
The saying comes from "Book of Rites·Qu Li 1" "Twenty means weak, crown". In ancient times, a 20-year-old man held the crown ceremony to express Already grown up. One of the poems in Zuo Si's "Ode to History": "The weak crown plays the role of the soft man, and the outstanding scholar reads the group of books. "
Erli: refers to the age of 30.
The phrase "erli at thirty" comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng". From now on, the age of thirty is called the year of "erli". "Liao Zhai Zhi" "Yi·Changqing Monk": "A friend may go to his hometown to pay homage to this building, and see that he is silent and sincere, standing at a young age. "
Not confused: refers to the age of 40.
The phrase "not confused at forty" comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng". From now on, "not confused" will be used as a proxy for the age of 40. Ying Cu's " "Answer to the Korean Constitution": "In the first few years of my life, I am no longer confused. ”
Ai: refers to 50 years old.
The phrase comes from "Book of Rites·Qu Lishang" "Fifty Days Ai". Old people's hair is as pale as moxa. "Popular Romance of the Republic of China" III Chapter 17: "...I am already old, what else am I dissatisfied with? "
Sixty years old: refers to 60 years old.
It is named after the intricate names of the heavenly stems and earthly branches. Volume 66 of Ji Yougong's "Chronicles of Tang Poems": "(Zhao Mu) Da Zhongxiantong Zhongxiao Li Changji wrote a short song, saying to the wine: "Moving sixty flowers with your hands, the circles fall like beads." "
Ancient and rare: refers to 70 years old.
It comes from Du Fu's poem "Qujiang": "Drinking debts are commonplace, but seventy years old are rare in life. " Also known as "Gu Xi".
Haoshou: Refers to old age, also known as "Baishou".
"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Lu Qiang": "Therefore, Duan Ying, the Taiwei, was brave. In the crown world, he was accustomed to border affairs, bowed his hair and served in the army, and became a great leader. ”
Yellow hair: refers to a long-lived old man.
It comes from the "Book of Songs", such as "Yellow Hair Platform Back" in "Poetry·Lu Song·Gong". The old man's hair turned from white to yellow. Cao Zhi "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao": "Wang Qi loves the jade body and enjoys the golden age. "Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring": "My yellow hair is hanging down, and I am happy with myself. "
Qibei: refers to a long-lived old man.
The phrase comes from "The Book of Songs", such as "Huangtaibei" in "Poetry Daya Xingwei", "Tai" and "Qibei" "General. "Erya·Exegesis": "The back of the fish is longevity. "The spots on the old man's body are like the back of a mackerel.
Qiyi: refers to a hundred years old.
The saying comes from "Book of Rites·Qu Lishang" "A hundred years is called Qi, Yi". It means a hundred years. The elderly should be supported by their descendants. Su Shi's "Three Poems of Ci Yunzi" says: "You can spend time building things everywhere, and you can count the years of your life." ”
3. Also talk about the other names of ancient years
Tang Cake Period: A baby is born in three dynasties, which is called the “Soup Cake Period”.
Quotes From Liu Yuxi's "Send to Zhang Xu"
The first time refers to the child's first birthday.
The Qing Dynasty writer Cheng Yunsheng's "Young Learning Story" later also refers to the birthday as "the first time." ", for example, the sixtieth birthday is called the "sixtieth first birthday".
馾龀: refers to children.
The phrase comes from the first volume of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan": "Male born in August Teeth, tooth decay at the age of eight... A girl's teeth are born in the seventh month, and her teeth are cleft at the age of seven..."
The year of the teacher: refers to the child's nine years old.
The year of the foreigner: refers to the child's ten years old.
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The year of Wushao: refers to a child who is thirteen years old.
The above are all from "Ji"
The year of Pogua: refers to a sixteen-year-old woman. >
This is the old-time literati who split the character "gua" into two or eight characters to commemorate the year. "Popular Edition·Women": "Song Xieyou's poem: 'Po Gua has a small waist when he is old'. According to the custom, it is wrong for a woman to lose her body and lose her body. The melon character is broken into 28 characters, which means he is 286 years old. "The year of breaking melon" also means sixty-four years old. "Popular Edition" also says: "If Lu Yan gave Zhang Bo a poem: 'Success should be in the year of breaking melon', then he would be eighty-eight sixty-four years old." In the year, a man takes a woman as his wife, and a woman takes a man as her family, so the "year of marriage" is the year of marriage.
The year of the zhang family refers to the fifth year. Ten years old.
The year of Zang Country: refers to the age of sixty.
The year of Zang Dynasty: eighty years. Years old.
The above titles are all from the "King System"
The lower life span is sixty years old.
The middle life span is eighty years old. >
Shangshou: one hundred years old.
The above titles come from "Zhuangzi"
The sixtieth birthday: one hundred and twenty years old.
Xi Shuangqing: one hundred and forty years old.
In addition, people over the age of sixty are collectively called "elderly people", and people over the age of eighty are called "old people". There are also people who generally refer to the elderly as "dragon bell" or "down and out". "Guangyun": "Dragon bells are bamboos. The old ones are like bamboo branches swaying, and they are not restrained. Scratchy ones are the running water on the road. They are upside down and blocked, just like people's misfortunes, so it goes."
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