What are the characteristics of common knee injuries? Knee joint is a part that needs special attention and maintenance for friends who like sports. The structure of knee joint is very complex and fragile, and it is easy to get hurt, so we should protect it. The following summarizes the characteristics of common knee injuries.
Summary of common injury characteristics of knee joint 1 1, medial meniscus injury
Pain and tenderness of the medial (medial meniscus) or lateral (lateral meniscus) joint line;
The card owner is close to the symptom of big tear (the card owner can be seen through the loose body);
Joint line pain, click or tenderness come from torsion, rotation, extreme knee bending or standing up from squatting position;
When carrying out mcmurry test, there will be annoying metal impact or click sound;
Knee sticking (that is, lack of ability to completely straighten the knee) exists when a wide range of barrels are selectively torn;
Positive pressure test (variant)
2. Harm of medial collateral ligament
When it is harmful, it is violently forced to turn outward (that is, the harm of hormones makes it push inward);
The medial pain and tender point are in the medial collateral ligament (MCL).
Minimal exudation (variation) is on the medial collateral ligament (many accompanying exudation suggest intra-articular injury, such as anterior insertion ligament (ACL) or posterior insertion ligament (MCL);
When the knee joint bends 30 degrees, it hurts or can open the open space, and there are second or third kinds of medial collateral ligament injuries.
3, goose web tendon bursitis
The inflammatory capsule is located below the medial articular line;
The tender point of pain is located 2-5 cm below the anterior medial side of the medial joint line;
The most common groups include obese women, athletes and elderly people with arthritis, who can generally feel the swelling of synovial sac;
Treatment methods include injecting corticosteroids into synovial capsule, ice compress and stopping activities that make it worse (such as climbing stairs).
4. Degenerative arthritis
Unknowingly aggravate or occur gradually;
Morning is hard and painful;
Before and after standing (AP), the joint space of X-ray film narrowed.
Distortion (variation) of views;
Exudate;
Pain and tenderness points are at the affected joint line (medial and/or lateral);
Osteophyte.
5. Patellofemoral syndrome (pain in the front of knee joint)
Generally bilateral;
Activity deterioration due to patellofemoral joint reaction (climbing stairs, squatting, skipping rope, running);
Common potential biomechanical promoting factors, such as: flat foot, Q-view addition, lateral tilt of flash patella (tight lateral support band) and patella height;
No mechanical symptoms or findings;
There is tenderness when palpating the articular surface of the patella, and there can be torsional pronunciation when pressing the patella.
6. osgood-Schlaadt disease
Lively and immature athletes;
Tenderness at tibial tubercle;
Protruded tibial tubercle.
7. High jumper's knee joint (patellar ligament inflammation)
Patellar ligament pain;
Tenderness when palpating patellar ligament;
History of repetitive beating, galloping or overuse syndrome.
8. Slim-Larsen-Johnson syndrome
Tenderness of patella lower pole;
Pay attention to the X-ray changes of drilling patella inferior pole (distraction osteogenesis);
At the lower pole of patella, there may be a palpable bony protuberance;
Treatment is similar to osgood-Schlaadt's disease.
9. Acute dislocation of patella
Patients often make mistakes (knees move);
Tenderness (tearing) of the inner support belt;
Common taut exudate (joint hematoma);
Patella anxiety test was positive, and sideslip test increased lateral deviation;
X-ray film may have patellar osteochondral fracture or lateral patellar subluxation.
10, anterior patellar bursitis
Swelling synovial sac appeared in front of the knee joint;
There is often a history of repeated shearing forces acting on the front of the knee joint (repeated knee bending is like a blanket interlayer);
The suction in the knee joint is negative, there is no exudate, and the front of the patella is simply swollen.
1 1, iliotibial tract syndrome
Pain and tenderness in the lateral knee joint of iliotibial tract;
The pain is aggravated when climbing, using fitness equipment, running or repeating tortuous actions violently;
Generally, it is caused by mistakes in practice, such as climbing a hill or adding strength, distance and inclination too fast.
12, Beck's (popliteal fossa) cyst
A posterior mass on the opposite side of the knee joint;
Capable of transmitting light;
And the high incidence of intra-articular symptoms such as meniscus tear.
13, popliteal tendinitis
Runner's posterolateral knee pain;
Positive Gaarrick test (the patient bends the hip joint and knee joint to a 90-degree back and rotates the calf inward, and the patient is required to test when the observer applies external rotating force).
14, anterior cruciate ligament tear
Acute injury (overstretching, valgus shear, etc. );
Rapid exudation (less than 2 hours after injury) suggests that joint hematoma is the result of bleeding at the end of ligament tear;
Unable to exercise continuously;
One-sided instability;
Positive lachman test, pivot movement test;
Front drawer test (not as sensitive and specific as lachman test).
15, osteochondritis exfoliative
Click, pop, jam and slight swelling are unconsciously aggravated;
X-ray can often remind the lesion of the harm of osteochondritis dissecans;
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful for diagnosis and grading to some extent.
16, posterior cruciate ligament tear
Abnormal back drawer test;
Mechanism of posterior cruciate ligament injury;
Exudate;
Symptoms of falling back.
17, posterolateral ligament joint capsule injury
Acute injury has obvious ecchymosis and swelling characteristics on the lateral and postlateral sides of the knee joint;
Generally accompanied by posterior cruciate ligament or anterior cruciate ligament injury;
The fibula ligament, hamstring muscle and posterolateral articular capsule ligament are torn, and the posterior cruciate ligament or anterior cruciate ligament may be torn;
Have an inward rotation gait when walking;
Positive dialing test;
Reverse pivot control test;
With the injury of posterior cruciate ligament, the symptoms of posterior drawer test and posterior fall are generally random;
Loomer test was positive;
There are often other related ligament injuries.
Summary of the characteristics of common knee joint injuries 2 The following are common knee joint sports injuries:
1, anterior cruciate ligament rupture:
It often happens when the knee joint is subjected to strong torsional force. When the patient is injured, he may hear the sound of rupture, and then the symptoms of the knee joint are pain, swelling (due to intra-articular hematoma) and limited movement.
Acute symptoms will last for about two weeks. After injury, swelling and pain can be relieved by ice compress and oral anti-inflammatory drugs. In the acute phase, crutches can be used to help reduce the burden on the knee joint. Rehabilitation treatment should be carried out after acute phase to restore knee joint mobility and thigh muscle strength. After cruciate ligament injury, most of them can return to normal life after proper treatment and rehabilitation. As for the need for further reconstruction surgery, we should consider the patient's age, exercise needs, lifestyle and other factors, and it is best to discuss it in detail with professional orthopedic doctors.
2. Patella joint pain syndrome:
This kind of injury mainly occurs in the articular surface between patella and femur. The pain site of most patients is located in the anterolateral part of the knee joint. This kind of pain usually occurs when squatting and standing up, or when walking down stairs and downhill. The reasons include excessive load during exercise, insufficient or uneven thigh muscle strength, valgus deformation of knee joint and so on. Correct treatment should include short-term oral medication to relieve symptoms, avoiding squatting and going down stairs for a long time, and properly exercising thigh muscle strength. Most patients can recover after the above treatment, and a few patients with severe patellar joint deviation need arthroscopic surgery or corrective surgery.
3, knee meniscus injury:
There are two crescent-shaped fibrocartilage tissues in the knee joint called meniscus, which are located between the articular surfaces of femur and tibia, which can reduce the pressure on the articular surfaces of the knee joint. Meniscus injury is often caused by knee joint torsion injury, which often occurs at the same time as anterior cruciate ligament rupture. When the meniscus is injured, the knee joint will have symptoms such as pain, effusion and joint locking. In addition, patients' knees are often unable to squat. The treatment of meniscus injury has different methods according to the degree and location of meniscus injury. Patients with mild degree can be treated conservatively, while patients with severe injury may need arthroscopic repair or partial resection.
There are quite a few sports injuries in the knee joint. The above only lists three common injuries for introduction. As for how to prevent the occurrence of knee joint sports injury, the individual provides several suggestions:
1. First of all, the intensity and duration of exercise need to be within our ability.
2. In addition, there should be sufficient warm-up before exercise.
The most important thing is to keep regular exercise habits, especially over 40 years old, muscle strength is easy to decline. If you don't exercise regularly, it is easy to have sports injuries, and it is more likely to cause degenerative arthritis in the future.