Idiom name: 牛头马面niú tóu mǎmiàn
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[Explanation of the idiom]? Buddhist language; refers to the two ghost soldiers under the King of Hell; one has a head like a cow; the other has a face like a horse. Now it is a metaphor for all kinds of evil people.
[Origin of the idiom]? "Surangama Sutra": "Ox-headed jailer; horse-headed Rakshasa; holding a gun in hand; driving into the city gate."
[Short meaning]? Cows, ghosts, snakes, gods, demons and monsters
[Usage]? It has a derogatory meaning. Generally used as subject, object, and attributive.
[Structure]?Union.
[Example]? Old people often say that there are two ghosts under the king of hell.
[English translation]? devils in animal forms
The encyclopedia explanation is as follows: The bull-headed horse face is based on the image of the seducer in traditional Chinese culture. According to the "Tiecheng Mud Plow Sutra": When Abang was a human, he was unfilial to his parents. After his death, he was transformed into a bull-headed person in the underworld, where he served as a government servant patrolling and hunting down escaped criminals. Some sources say that Buddhism originally only had bull heads. When it was introduced to China, because the people were most concerned about symmetry and pairs, horse faces were added. But there is also information that horse face is also called horse face Rakshasa, which also comes from Buddhism.
Niutou
Niutou catalog? Idiom? Introduction? Legend? Information English-Chinese dictionary explanation
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Pronunciation niú tóu mǎ miàn
Interpretation: Two ghost soldiers in superstitious legends, one with a head like a cow and the other with a horse. Metaphor for all kinds of ugly people.
Horse noodles
Horse noodles come from Volume 11 of "Jingde Chuandeng Lu" written by Shi Daoyuan of the Song Dynasty: "Sakyamuni is the bull-headed jailer, and the founder is Horse-faced Grandma.”
An example is that lately, I often feel a sense of terror in my dreams, or when I am about to wake up, and all the things I was afraid of in the past have accumulated and gathered around me. ★Bing Xin's "Miscellaneous Notes from the Mountains—Send to Children from afar"
Synonyms: cows, ghosts, snakes, demons and monsters
Usage: conjunction; used as subject, object, attributive; refers to evil people
< p>English: ox-headed and horse-faced demons in HadesJapanese: Ox-headed and horse-faced demons in Hades
Japanese: Ox-headed and horse-faced demons in Hades んげん)のたとえ
The bull head and the horse face are the ghost soldiers of the underworld in superstition.
The cow head is also called A Pong and A Fang. The "Five Sufferings Sutra" says: "The jailer's name is Abang, he has an ox head and human hands, two ox hooves, he is so strong that he can climb mountains, and he holds a steel hairpin." According to the "Tiecheng Mud Plow Sutra", the ox head "was unfilial when he was a human being in the world. Parents, after death, they become ghost soldiers and have the body of a bull head." In some Buddhist scriptures, the tauren are also called "defenders", which means patrolling, visiting and arresting escaped prisoners.
Horse face is also called horse-headed Rakshasa. "Rakshasa" is an evil ghost, so the horse-headed Rakshasa is the horse-headed ghost. The image is a horse head and a human body, and it is an old partner with an ox head. Volume 8 of the "Surangama Sutra" states that "the deceased's spiritual consciousness saw a large iron city, fire snakes and fire dogs, tigers, wolves, and lions, bull-headed jailers, and horse-faced Rakshasa, holding spears and spears, driving into the city toward the Infinite Hell."
In folklore, the bull-headed horse-faced man is sometimes the minions of the King of Hell and the judge. Sometimes he likes to take advantage, sometimes he does things that violate laws and disciplines, and sometimes he is very sympathetic. These are also the images of human servants in the feudal era.
Ghost soldiers such as bull heads and horse faces originally came from Buddhism and were later absorbed by Taoism. They are not common in Buddhism, but their shadows can often be seen in Taoist temples. Introduction [Back to Table of Contents]
The bull-headed horse-faced man is also the famous messenger of the underworld. There are images of bull heads and horse faces in the ghost town of Fengdu and in the Chenghuang temples in various places. The cow head comes from Buddhism. The bull head is also called A Pong. It is shaped like a bull head and a human body, holding a steel fork and capable of moving mountains. According to the "Tiecheng Mud Plow Sutra": When Abang was a human, he was unfilial to his parents. After his death, he was transformed into a bull-headed person in the underworld, where he served as a government servant patrolling and hunting down escaped criminals. Some sources say that Buddhism originally only had bull heads. When it was introduced to China, because the people were most concerned about symmetry and pairs, horse faces were added. But there is also information that horse face is also called horse face Rakshasa, which also comes from Buddhism.
However, in my research, I did not find any mention of horse faces as servants of the underworld in Indian mythology. There is an image of "horse-faced king" in Tantric Buddhism, but that is a great god in Tantric Buddhism. It is said that he is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva, and he is far away from the servants of the underworld.
Conclusion: The bull-headed horse face is based on the image of the seducer in traditional Chinese culture.
1. "Big White Ox Cart" in "Common Glossary of Buddhism" (edited by Chen Yixiao). The Lotus Sutra uses a goat cart to symbolize the vehicle of the Sravakas, a deer cart to symbolize the vehicle of Pratyekabuddha, and an ox cart to symbolize the vehicle of the Bodhisattva. These three The vehicles are all powerful vehicles. The big white ox cart is a metaphor for the Buddha's vehicle. This vehicle is the actual vehicle.
2. A story in the Lotus Sutra:
It is said that the Buddha is the head of a big house, and the world is like the children playing in the big house. Although the house is large, it has only one door. One day, the Buddha knew that a fire was coming, so he told the children to escape quickly. But the children were not panicked at all. They did not believe that a fire could break out in such a safe and beautiful house. Seeing that the fire was about to burn the house, the Buddha said to the children: Come out quickly, I have good things for you. A sheep cart, a deer cart, and an ox cart are waiting for you outside the house. There are all kinds of toys in the car, and Rare seven treasures. The children all ran out and escaped the fire at the thought of having these things they liked. But they did not see the sheep, deer, and ox carts mentioned by the Buddha, but the big white ox carts that they had never dared to imagine, loaded with treasures, one for each person.
Comment on the metaphor:
First, use the three carts (goat cart, deer cart, and ox cart) of the Sravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas as temptations, and then teach the highest The state of happiness: the only Buddha vehicle (the big white ox cart). This is to open three and show one. The length, width and height of this big white ox cart are five hundred yojanas (about 3,500 meters). It has gold wheels, silver pillars and beams, and gold-inlaid ropes, and is decorated with 84,000 precious bells. All the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are riding in the car. The Buddha invited us, who are holders of the One-vehicle Buddha (Myoho-Renge Sutra), to ride on this beautiful white ox-cart. Riding on this big white ox cart, you can run freely in this infinite universe forever. Legend [Back to Table of Contents]
According to legend, the Bull-headed Horse-faced Horse-faced Man originally held real power in the underworld, but why did he later become just a catcher under the King of Hell? Speaking of which, there is an interesting story.
Bull-headed Horse Noodles
Bull-headed Horse Noodles A long time ago, there was a member of the Fengdu City named Ma, who was considered a wealthy and powerful man in the city. Ordinarily, he should be satisfied, but there is one thing that always bothers him. Because he is already sixty years old and has married eleven "partial wives" and only has one single child. No matter how much you ask God to make a wish, you can never get it. Needless to say, Ma Yuanwai regarded his only son Ma Yichun as the apple of his eye. But he was very worried that if something unfortunate happened, it would not only end the Ma family's incense. Moreover, the Wan Guan family fortune has no heirs. For this reason, he was worried day and night and at a loss.
The house leaked and it rained all night. One day, Ma Yuan had breakfast outside and was preparing to go out to prepare wine and food for his son's 18th birthday tomorrow. It's a coincidence that at this moment, a man with eight characters passed by the door, and he said something: "Fortune teller, fortune teller!"
The horseman heard the shout outside and was so happy that he actually left the door. Everything was completely forgotten. So he walked down the steps quickly with his long robe in hand, and respectfully invited Mr. BaZi to come in and sit down. After tea, Yuan Ma said sincerely: "Sir, could you please tell my child's fortune?"
Mr. BaZi nodded. Said: "Okay, okay."
Ma Yuanwai immediately reported the birth time to his son. Mr. BaZi counted on his fingers, couldn't help but turned pale in shock, and blurted out: "Oh, no!"
The horseman was shocked and suddenly broke out in a cold sweat: "What?"
" It’s inconvenient for a villain to speak.” Mr. Bazi shook his head and sighed.
Ma Yuanwai became more and more panicked, but in order to find out more, he begged: "Please don't worry, sir, just tell me."
Mr. Bazi hesitated for a moment and said: " Your young master’s salary is good, but his life span is too short!”
“How much?”
“Eighteen years old.”
"Oh my god!" I fainted and fell to the ground. It took me a long time to wake up, and my face was as pale as dust. Unexpectedly, the child's eighteenth birthday tomorrow will actually become the end of his life. Thinking of this, I cried heartbreakingly. After a while, he sobbed and asked: "Sir, sir, please think of every way to save my poor son!"
Mr. Bazi thought for a while and said: " There is only one way for ordinary people. I don’t know if Yuanwai is willing to spend the money."
When Yuanwai Ma heard that there was another way, he felt much calmer and said hurriedly: "As long as I can save my son, I can do it. Even if it costs me everything, I won’t hesitate!”
Mr. Bazi then told him: At midnight tomorrow night, prepare a table of the most sumptuous food and wine, pack it in a food box, and bring it to the “Ghost Gate”. On the first twelve steps, wine and food were given to the two chess players. However, you have to ask them three times in a row to wait patiently and don’t be impatient. Ma Yuanwai kept everything in mind.
The next day, when he arrived at the designated place, he saw two people concentrating on playing chess there. These two people are none other than Ox Head and Horse Face.
The horsemen did not dare to disturb them, so they had to quietly kneel aside and watch silently with the food box on their heads. After the two of them finished playing a game of chess, he cautiously asked: "Two gods, please have a meal before playing!"
Bull-headed Horse Noodles
The two of them looked like Bull-headed Horse Noodles He didn't listen, he didn't say anything, he didn't answer, and he started playing a second game of chess.
The horsemen waited patiently until the end of the second game, but there was still no movement. He was a little anxious, but he didn't dare to offend, so he could only kneel there piously and wait. After a while, Niutou suddenly put down the chess pieces: "Brother Ma, let's go, the time has come." Ma Mian also hurriedly put down the chess pieces, put away the chessboard, and prepared to go down the mountain.
At this time, the horseman was in a panic, worried about missing the opportunity and missing out on important events, so he hurriedly raised his voice and shouted: "Two gods, please have a meal before leaving!" The bull-headed horse-faced man looked back and said, Asked: "Who are you?"
When the horseman saw that the time had come, he hurriedly said to please: "The two gods have worked too hard. I think I am already hungry at this time, and the villain is a little prepared. Wine and simple food, please satisfy your hunger and quench your thirst!"
Niutou and Mamian couldn't help but salivate when they saw how sincere this man was and how rich the delicacies in the box were. Ma Mian quietly said to Niu Tou: "Brother Niu, we are on a business trip and haven't eaten yet, so let's just have a full meal. It's hard for this person to be unfazed, what do you think?" Niu Tou had already had this intention, but it was inconvenient to say it. He nodded and said, "It's not too late to go down the mountain after eating." After saying that, he ate all the food like a wind-whipped leaf. Just as he was about to leave, he saw the person who brought the food was still kneeling on the ground, so he asked : "You spent money on us, I think you need help from me?"
The horsemen kowtowed and said: "The villain is in trouble, please help the two gods." As he said this, he started to burn. A bunch of money paper.
The bull-headed horse felt sorry for himself, so he had to say: "What's the matter with you? Tell me quickly! I have something important to do and have to travel far away."
"Two gods, I only have one Mingzi, my life is about to end, please help me."
"What is your name?"
"Ma Yichun. Niu Tou opened the "Education Order" given to him by Judge Cui and was shocked: "Brother Ma, the person we are going to capture is none other than his son. It's just that the time has not come yet. Unexpectedly... .This..."
The horseman kowtowed repeatedly: "If the two gods can extend his life, I will be grateful and I will express my gratitude! "Yan Ming, it's hard to do!"
Ma Yuanwai was secretly worried. He had an idea and turned to Ma's face and said, "I have a brother named Ma who is also in charge of the underworld. If you don't do anything, I have to go." Looking for him."
After hearing this, Ma Mian thought to himself, I know everyone in this underworld from kings to ghosts, and there is no one else named Ma except me. If this relative was me, but I had never seen him before, I asked tentatively: "My surname is Ma too. I wonder who your brother is?"
Yuan Ma said in surprise: " The villain is short-sighted and can hardly write the word "horse" in one stroke. Please help me brother."
Ma Mian said: "You said you are my brother, why don't I remember?"
< p> "You drank the ecstasy tea after arriving in the underworld. You completely forgot about the things in the underworld. How can you remember them?" Ma Mian thought about it and found out that what he said was true. Now that you have eaten his food again, this When things didn't go well, they exchanged looks with each other. Niu Tou understood. In this case, he might as well do it as a favor and give him some change. So, while drunk, he returned to Cao to give up. Emperor Yama knew about this matter and sent Bai Wuchang to find out personally, and found out that it was indeed true. Emperor Yama suddenly became furious and ordered the bull's head and horse's face to be brought to the palace. In order to kill one and respect a hundred, in front of all the ministers, he gave them each 40 pieces of work. Then he blew two breaths of wind, and immediately, the bull's head and horse's face returned to their original shapes. When Emperor Yama saw that the two of them were really repentant, he demoted them from their official positions and sent them to the underworld as slaves to catch people. Information [Back to Table of Contents]The bull-headed horse-faced figure is also a famous messenger of souls in the underworld. There are images of bull heads and horse faces in the ghost town of Fengdu and in the Chenghuang temples in various places. The cow head comes from Buddhism. The bull head is also called A Pong. It is shaped like a bull head and a human body, holding a steel fork and capable of moving mountains. According to the "Tiecheng Mud Plow Sutra": When Abang was a human, he was unfilial to his parents. After his death, he was transformed into a bull-headed person in the underworld, where he served as a government servant patrolling and hunting down escaped criminals. Some sources say that Buddhism originally only had bull heads. When it was introduced to China, because the people were most concerned about symmetry and pairs, horse faces were added. But there is also information that horse face is also called horse face Rakshasa, which also comes from Buddhism. However, in my research, I did not find any mention of horse faces as servants of the underworld in Indian mythology. There is an image of "horse-faced king" in Tantric Buddhism, but that is a great god in Tantric Buddhism. It is said that he is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva, and he is far away from the servants of the underworld. Conclusion: The bull-headed and horse-faced face is based on the image of the seducer in traditional Chinese culture.
The bull head and horse face are the ghost soldiers of the underworld in superstition.
The cow head is also called A Pong and A Fang. The "Five Sufferings Sutra" says: "The jailer's name is Abang, he has an ox head and human hands, two ox hooves, he is so strong that he can climb mountains, and he holds a steel hairpin." According to the "Tiecheng Mud Plow Sutra", the ox head "was unfilial when he was a human being in the world. Parents, after death, they become ghost soldiers and have the body of a bull head." In some Buddhist scriptures, the tauren are also called "defenders", which means patrolling, visiting and arresting escaped prisoners.
Horse face is also called horse-headed Rakshasa. "Rakshasa" is an evil ghost, so the horse-headed Rakshasa is the horse-headed ghost. The image is a horse head and a human body, and it is an old partner with an ox head. Volume 8 of the "Surangama Sutra" states that "the deceased's spiritual consciousness saw a large iron city, fire snakes and fire dogs, tigers, wolves, and lions, bull-headed jailers, and horse-faced Rakshasa, holding spears and spears, driving into the city toward the Infinite Hell."
In folklore, the bull-headed horse-faced man is sometimes the minions of the King of Hell and the judge. Sometimes he likes to take advantage, sometimes he does things that violate laws and disciplines, and sometimes he is very sympathetic. These are also the images of human servants in the feudal era.
Ghost soldiers such as bull heads and horse faces originally came from Buddhism and were later absorbed by Taoism. They are not common in Buddhism, but their shadows can often be seen in Taoist temples.
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