If the family is poor, there will be no books to read. Every time I borrow it from the bookstore, I will record it myself and count the days. It's cold, the ice is solid, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy.
I sent it away after recording, and I dare not cancel my appointment. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books.
Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. He also suffers from celebrities and tourists who have no owners. He tastes and asks questions hundreds of miles away from his hometown.
Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy.
So I was stupid and finally learned a lot. When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked.
After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat.
All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. In the meantime, I have no desire for beauty. I don't know if my mouth and body are not as good as people. Gaiyu works hard.
Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials are obliged to sell them every day, and their parents have Qiu Ge's 20-year-old legacy, so there is no danger of freezing and embarrassment; Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others? Dongyang Ma Shengjun was in imperial academy for two years, and the younger generation called him a sage.
A fellow villager was born in the capital of the Yu Dynasty. I wrote a long book and thought it was a good speech.
Debate with it and make peace with it. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study.
He is a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies.
I especially liked reading when I was a child. As the family is poor, they can't afford to buy books to read. They often borrow books from people who collect books, copy them themselves, count the dates and return them on time.
When it is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool forms hard ice, and the fingers can't bend and straighten, so they don't stop. After copying, return the borrowed books as soon as possible, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly.
So people are more willing to lend me books, so I can read a lot of books. In adulthood, I admire the theory of ancient sages, but I am worried that there is no knowledgeable teacher to associate with celebrities (consult). Once I took my book to a place hundreds of miles away and asked for advice from a famous elder in my hometown.
This elder has high morality and prestige, and his home is crowded with disciples with high status. He never expresses his language and expression euphemistically. I stood beside him respectfully.
Ask questions, ask the truth, and bend down for advice. Sometimes someone scolds me, my expression is more respectful, my behavior is more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; He will ask again when he is happy.
So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot. When I went to ask for advice, I carried my books and dragged my shoes in the ravine. In the middle of winter, the cold wind blows hard and the snow is several feet deep. I don't know.
When I arrived at the hotel, my limbs were frozen and I couldn't move. The waiter brought hot water (for me) to wash hands and warm feet, and took the quilt (for me) to cover it. It took a long time to warm up. In the hotel, we only eat two meals a day, and there is nothing delicious to enjoy. The students who live together in the hotel are all wearing gorgeous clothes, red tassels and jewels, white jade rings on their waists, knives in their left hands and sachets hanging from their right hands, shining like immortals.
But I live among them in rags and have no jealousy. Because I have my own fun in my heart, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food, clothing, housing and transportation is not as good as others.
I am diligent and hardworking at school, and that's about it. Now these students are studying in the university, and they have food every day. Their parents give them winter clothes and summer clothes every year, so they don't have to worry about being frozen and hungry. Sitting in a big and spacious house reading "poems" and "books" has no fatigue of running around. Some teachers and doctors don't ask themselves, and they can't get knowledge; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first.
If they are (still) not proficient in their studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (his) intelligence is low, but that (his) thoughts are not as concentrated as mine. Is it someone else's fault? Ma has been studying in this university for two years, and his peers praise him for his talent. After I became an official, I went to Beijing to see the emperor. He saw that I was a junior in the same town.
I wrote a long letter as a gift, and my words are very fluent. Compared with the essay on the same topic, the language is euphemistic, pleasant and pleasing.
Claiming to study very hard when I was a child. Can be called a person who likes to learn.
He will go back to his hometown to visit his parents, and I specifically told him about the difficulty of studying. Author Song Lian (1310—1381) is from Qianjiang (now Zhejiang).
Wu Lai, Liu Guan and Huang Hao were employed by Zhejiang East University. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the countryside and once believed in Taoism.
Zheng Zheng was conquered by Zhu Yuanzhang in the 20th year (1360). After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, he became the president of Yuan, and he was appointed as an official of Hanlin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the imperial court was called "the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China" (Biography of Ming History).
Later, because his grandson was involved in the Hu case, his family moved to Maozhou and died in Kuizhou on the way. There is a collection of Song Shixue.
Fan Zhongyan is two years old, lonely, poor and helpless. I have little ambition, and I take the world as my responsibility every time. I either study hard or stay out at night and need to face the water. No food, just read with porridge.
As an official, every passionate talk about what's going on in the world is desperate. Even after being slandered, Dengzhou was protected by the government.
‖ Zhong Yan works hard and is self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife just has enough food and clothing. I often say to myself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world."
When Fan Zhongyan was two years old, his father died and his mother had a hard life. Helpless, she had to remarry to Changshan Zhujiajian. When he grew up, he learned about his family experience and was so sad that he shed tears. At this time, he said goodbye to his mother, went to Du Nan, and went to school day and night. He studied hard for five years and never undressed.
2. Just some classical Chinese, I can swim leisurely upstream and downstream.
Good taste, leisure, and wandering around. An old father, dressed in brown, went to a good place until he fell off his shoes. Gu said to Liang, "You are a boy, take off your shoes!" " Youliang got a fright and wanted to beat all landowners. Old, endure, take your shoes away. Father said, "Come with me!" Good karma is to take shoes, because kneeling is to take shoes. Father was fed up and just laughed. Liang Shu was startled. He obeyed his orders (12), and his father went to Li suo (13) and said, "My son can teach. In the next five days, Pingming (14) will meet me. " Shan Yinqi (15), kneeling: "Promise." The fifth day, quiet and bright, my father was already there. He said angrily, "What is the future with Lao Ji (16)?" Go and say, "There will be an early meeting in five days." On the fifth day, the rooster crowed. Well, my father was here first. He said angrily, "What happened after that?" Go and say, "Come back early in the next five days." On the 5th, it was a wonderful night and a half. There was a tilt (17), and my father came and said, "It's true." A book (18) was published, saying, "After reading this, you are the teacher of kings." So I left and never saw him again. On the day I died, I read his book, The Art of War (19).
Word annotation
① Selected from historical records. (2) Liang: Later, he became the main counselor of Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu to establish the Han Dynasty. Idle: idle. ③ Xiapi (pρ): place name, in the south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province. Yí: Bridge. 4 Brown clothes: Wear linen jacket. Clothing: wear as a verb. ⑤ Location: Location. 6 straight: intentional, deliberate. ⑦ Fight: Fight. Come with me: put on your shoes for me. Shoes: As a verb. Pet-name ruby already. Attending long kneeling: Kneel straight. (1 1) Special: Very. (12) Purpose: Keep an eye on him. (13) Li Suo: About a mile. So: it is equivalent to "Xu". Ping Ming: It's just dawn. (15) Strange: I think it is very strange. (16): Appointment. (17) Tilt: Not for the time being. (18) One book: one book, one book. Sun Tzu's Art of War: According to legend, it was written by Jiang Taigong.
Poetry translation
Zhang Liang once took a leisurely walk on Xiapi Bridge in his spare time. An old man in a linen jacket walked up to Sean and deliberately threw his shoes under the bridge. He turned to Sean and said, "Young man, go down and get your shoes!" "Sean was surprised and wanted to give him a beating. Because of his age, he managed to hold back his anger and picked up his shoes under the bridge. The old man said, "put your shoes on for me!" " "Sean has picked up his shoes, so he put them on his knees. The old man stretched out his foot and endured it, then left with a smile. Sean was surprised and watched the old man walk about a mile. The old man came back and said, "Young people are worth teaching. Five days later, meet me here at dawn. " Sean was very surprised. He knelt down and replied, "OK." Five days later, at first light, Sean went to the bridge. The old man has arrived first. (The old man) got angry and said, "I dated the old man, but I came late. Why? " You said, "Go away! You said, "Gather in five days." Five days later, when the rooster crowed for the first time, Sean went. The old man arrived first and said angrily, "Late again, why?" He left and said, Come back early in five days. Five days later, Sean left before midnight. After a while, the old man came and said happily, "It should be like this." So he took out a book and said, "After reading this book, I can be the emperor's teacher" (finished) and left, without saying anything else, and met again. After dawn, (Sean) read this book, which turned out to be The Art of War.
Yuan Gu's young ancestor (1) is old, and Gu's parents hate it and want to donate it. Ten years and five years in the valley, my father said, "The ancestors raised children and worked hard all their lives. Does anyone donate when they are old? " It is also negative. "My father was disobedient, made a map and donated his ancestors to the wild. With the valley, the land was returned. Father said, "Why did you accept this weapon?" Gu said, "When my parents are old, there is no need to make this tool, so I will take it with me. "If the father is ashamed and repents, it is to support the ancestors. Note: ① Original mouth: name. 2 donate: abandon. 3 exhortation: convince each other with good words. 4 Yu: Pushing the car by hand 5 Meng: The hapless grandfather of Haraguchi is old, and Haraguchi's parents hate him and want to abandon him. At this time, the original mouth was fifteen years old. He advised his father: Grandpa has children and will live frugally all his life. How can you abandon him just because he is old? This is ingratitude. My father didn't listen to the advice, so he made a cart and threw it into the wild with my grandfather. Haraguchi followed, so he brought the cart back alone. The father asked, "why did you bring this weapon back?" "? As I said, when you come, I won't have to make another one. Put it away now. Father was ashamed and regretted his behavior, so he went to take grandpa back to support him.
3. What are the classical Chinese?
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1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
Translation formula of ancient Chinese
Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.
Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,
Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.
Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.
Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.
Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,
I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.
Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.
The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.
4. What can classical Chinese say?
Ancient poems: 300 Tang poems, 300 Song poems and 300 Yuan songs.
Classical Chinese: A Thousand Poems, Book of Songs, Book of Changes, Analects of Confucius, Book of Rites, Shangshu, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Policy, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Everything is Wrong, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Guiguzi. The Doctrine of the Mean, Family Instructions of Zhu Zi, Family Instructions of Yan Family, Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Family, Songs of the South, The Sutra of Immortality, The Diamond Sutra, and Zi Tongzhi Jian.
Caigen Tan, Night Talk Around the Furnace, Tales of Small Windows, Aphorisms, Hundreds of Surnames, Travel in Qionglin, Enlightenment of Rhythm and Tamia Liu? Three Views, Hundred Battles, Long Wen Whip Shadow, * * * Language, Nightmare Shadow.
Biography, think tank, letters from Zeng Guofan, human stories, couplets, idle notes, Bitan, Suiyuan poems, Wen Xin Diao Long and Xiao Ji.
History: Historical Records, History of the Three Kingdoms, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty.
Among them, Wen Xin Diao Long and Long Wen Bian Ying teach future generations how to write, which is very helpful to the study of ancient Chinese. Couplets and aphorisms are more like ancient Chinese grammar.
In addition, the "son of Yang" in the first volume of Chinese in the fifth grade of primary school