The concept of witchcraft
Witchcraft is an attempt to influence or control certain people and things with the help of supernatural and mysterious power. In ancient times, female practitioners of magic were called witches, while male practitioners were called 觋. Witchcraft should have started with the worship of nature by the ancient Tibetan ancestors. Because nature often gives people a sense of fear. The ancestors also had some requests from nature. In addition to worshiping and making offerings to the gods of nature for their help, they also wanted to make nature obey their will through their words and deeds, so a kind of " Fantasies and actions that want to change nature.” One of the concrete manifestations of these fantasies and actions is witchcraft.
2. Classification of witchcraft:
From the perspective of the nature of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into black witchcraft and white witchcraft. Black witchcraft refers to the witchcraft used to blame others; white witchcraft refers to the witchcraft used to pray for good luck, so it is also called auspicious witchcraft.
From the perspective of the means of practicing witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into two categories, one is imitation witchcraft, and the other is called contact witchcraft.
Imitation witchcraft: a witchcraft method that uses similar things as substitutes to seek good luck or cause disaster. If you hate someone, you will make a human figure and write the person's birth date, or burn him or throw him into water, or chop him with needles and knives to kill him. This is black magic in nature. Contact witchcraft: It is a witchcraft method that uses parts of things or objects associated with things to seek good luck and bring misfortune. This kind of witchcraft can achieve its purpose as long as it comes into contact with a part of someone's human body or a person's utensils.
3. Application of witchcraft
1. Praying for help: refers to people praying to natural forces or ghosts and gods in a certain way to help them achieve a certain purpose. For example, the Han people often worship the Dragon King when praying for rain. When the worship fails, they will use witchcraft to force the Dragon King to rain. Such as carrying the Dragon King through the streets, exposing the Dragon King to the sun, draining the well water, etc.
2. Soul-calling: Use witchcraft to bring back the lost soul. It is not limited to humans, but also applies to animals and plants. 3. Curse: It uses the magic of language to achieve the purpose of harming the other party. The most common form is face-to-face curses, such as not having a good death, being cut into pieces, etc. More often, the purpose of witchcraft is achieved by cursing the other person's name.
4. Exorcism: It is an aggressive witchcraft performed on ghosts.
5. Avoiding evil: It is the use of certain objects to prevent evil spirits from invading. A negative witchcraft. .
4. Voodoo witchcraft
1. What is voodoo: It is a kind of witchcraft that uses poisonous insects to cause harm to people. It is an older mysterious and terrifying witchcraft, mainly popular in southern my country and among some ethnic minorities. Gu, judging from the glyph, means putting many bugs in a container. Kong Yingda's "Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics" says: "Those who use poison to treat people without making them aware of themselves are now called poisonous poisons." "Compendium of Materia Medica·Insect Part 4" explains it as a poisonous insect fed by humans, " Take hundreds of insects into a weng, and after years of blooming, one insect will eat all the insects, which is called Gu."
. The production and types of Gu: Most of the people who store Gu are women. expertise. "Southern Yunnan Magazine": "Everyone in Yunnan keeps voodoo... People fight for it, and the children worry about it for food. Those who raise voodoo keep a secret room and let women feed them. When they see a man, they will be defeated. It is because of the gathering of pure yin. Zhou Qufei's "Lingwai Daida": the poison is "a night sacrifice for a woman with her hair down", and "Southern Yunnan Xinyu": there are many types of poison, usually: golden silkworm poison, malnutrition poison, Epilepsy voodoo, swollen voodoo, loach voodoo, stone voodoo, snake voodoo, etc. Among them, golden silkworm voodoo was the most vicious. In the old days, superstitious activities of raising golden silkworms were popular. Put it in the food. Most of the poison is placed in the food. "Chi Ya" says: "The poison is placed in the food first, and the flavor increases a hundred times." And the poison is usually placed on the first piece of food. , the advantage is that the poison can be excreted in the feces and saliva. Sometimes the poison can be applied without food. Liu Nan's "Miao Huang Xiao Ji" says: "The poison of Miao is extremely frightening. There is no need to use special food to release the poison." Anyone who shouts at it with their breath or looks at it with their eyes can transmit its poison to others; those who use it with food are also those who take advantage of it. "
4. Symptoms and verification methods of patients suffering from voodoo: Liu Xifan "Those suffering from voodoo may have a swollen throat and be unable to swallow; they may have a yellow face and become emaciated day by day; or there may be accumulation in the chest and cough. It may occur from time to time; or the chest and abdomen may be distended, and the limbs may be numb; or the patient may die within a few days or several months." The method of verification is: make the patient chew raw soybeans. If there is no fishy smell, the poison may be present. In ethnic minority areas, hold a piece of it in the mouth. Put a silver needle on the duck egg white. If the duck egg white and silver needle turn black, it means you are poisoned.
5. Taboos on witchcraft
Taboos on witchcraft are: A general term for certain restrictive concepts and practices regarding social behavior and religious activities. Its common noun is tabu, which is a Polynesian dialect. Its original meaning refers to people, objects, and supernatural beings that cannot be contacted by ordinary people. There are two reasons why these things cannot be touched by ordinary people. One is that they are regarded as sacred objects, and the other is that they are regarded as ominous or unclean objects. This is a very common form of taboo witchcraft. It is a kind of negative witchcraft that requires people not to touch something or do something, otherwise it will bring misfortune. The origin of taboos is diverse, some are out of fear of certain natural forces, and some are out of fear of the elderly. Some of the love and care for children is due to the worship of ghosts and gods, and some is due to superstition about good and bad luck.
For example, you cannot use your finger to bow after rain, otherwise your fingers will rot; you must respect totems, holy places, ancestral tablets, and wizards; pregnant women should avoid eating ginger and rabbit meat; avoid incompatible attributes of men and women in marriage, avoid odd numbers on wedding dates, and do not get married during lunar eclipses, otherwise couples Discord, etc. There are also taboos on animals and plants. Mongolians are not allowed to insert chopsticks into the chopstick bucket when a cat is pregnant, otherwise the cat will have a miscarriage. If the animal is sold, a tuft of hair must be cut off and kept, otherwise the cat will lose money.
6. Divine judgment witchcraft is also called divine judgment, divine judgment, divine punishment, etc.
Magic witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft that prays to gods to judge the authenticity and property disputes in the world. Divine judgment is an ancient method of judgment commonly practiced by all nations in the world under certain historical conditions.