Introduction to Dujiangyan
Dujiangyan is located near Chengdu, on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain. The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project is located in the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan. It was built in 256 BC. It is the oldest and only remaining grand water conservancy project in the world and is characterized by diversion without dams. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The scenery near Dujiangyan is beautiful and there are many cultural relics and historic sites, including Fulong Temple, Erwang Temple, Anlan Cable Bridge, Yulei Pass, Lidui Park, Yulei Mountain Park and Lingyan Temple.
When Dujiangyan Water Conservancy was established, it consisted of three main projects: Yuzui Diversion Dike, Feishayan Spillway, and Baopingkou Water Diversion Inlet, as well as ancillary projects such as Baizhang Dike and Herringbone Dike, which scientifically solved the problem of automatic river water Problems such as diversion, automatic sand discharge, and control of incoming water flow have eliminated flooding, making the western Sichuan plain a "land of abundance" where floods and droughts depend on people. For more than two thousand years, it has been playing a role in flood control and irrigation. As of 1998, Dujiangyan's irrigated area had reached more than 40 counties, with the irrigated area reaching 668,700 hectares.
The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project makes full use of the local geographical conditions of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. According to the special terrain, water veins, and water potential at the mouth of the river, it takes advantage of the situation to divert water without dams and implement gravity irrigation, so that embankments and distribution systems can be used. Water, flood discharge, sediment discharge, and flow control are interdependent and form a system to ensure that the comprehensive benefits of flood control, irrigation, water transportation, and social water use are fully exerted. The greatest thing is that the weir has endured for more than two thousand years and is playing an increasingly important role. The establishment of Dujiangyan is based on the premise of not destroying natural resources and making full use of natural resources to serve mankind, turning harm into benefit and achieving a high degree of synergy and unity among people, land and water. The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project still exists today. With the development of science and technology and the expansion of the irrigation area, starting from 1936, concrete mortar cobblestone technology was gradually used to repair and strengthen the canal head project, and some water conservancy facilities, the engineering layout of the ancient weir and the "deep beach" were added. The water control strategies such as "building weirs at a low level", "taking advantage of the situation and adapting to current conditions", and "cutting corners when encountering bays and pumping out the center when encountering favorable conditions" have not changed. The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project has become a model for the best water resources utilization in the world.
According to the definition of cultural heritage in Article 1, Paragraph 2, of the United Nations Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage: “Buildings: Buildings: architectural style, uniform distribution or A single or connected building group that has outstanding universal significance value in combination with the environmental scenery." Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project has a long history, large scale, reasonable layout, scientific operation, and harmonious integration with the environment. It has outstanding universal value in history and science. In 2000, Dujiangyan was designated as a world cultural heritage at the 24th session of the United Nations World Heritage Committee. .
Origin of the name
In the early days of the construction of the weir by Li Bing, the governor of Shu County in Qin, the name of Dujiangyan was "Jiangshan". This is because the Yulei Mountain next to Dujiangyan was called "Jiangshan" before the Qin and Han Dynasties. , and the main ethnic group living in Dujiangyan City at that time was the Di Qiang people. They called the weir "勋", and Dujiangyan was called "拔勋".
During the Shu-Han period of the Three Kingdoms, Du'an County was established in the Dujiangyan area. The county was named after it, and Dujiangyan was called "Du'an Yan". At the same time, it is also called "Golden Embankment", which highlights the role of the dike that separates the water from the fish's mouth, and the dike is used instead of the weir as the name.
In the Tang Dynasty, Dujiangyan was renamed "Jiweiyan". Because the materials and methods used to build embankments at that time were mainly "broken bamboo cages, with a circular diameter of three feet, and solid stones in the middle, which would be tired and block the water." That is, bamboo cages were used to fill the stones, which was called "Juwei".
It was not until the Song Dynasty that Dujiangyan was mentioned for the first time in the history of the Song Dynasty: "The Yongkang army managed Dujiangyan every year, and the stone snakes cut the river to contain the water to irrigate several county fields."
Why. It is also called Dujiangyan. Which river is Dujiang? "Sichuan Water Research" says: "Fuhe, also known as Chengdu River, has two sources, namely Pijiang River and Liujiang River." Liujiang is another name for Jianjiang. The Fuhe River on the Chengdu Plain is the Pijiang River. The Nanhe River is the Jianjiang River, and their upper reaches are the Baitiao River and Zouma River, which are the branches of the Dujiangyan Inner River. "Kuo Di Zhi" says: "Dujiang is the Chengdu River." Starting from the Song Dynasty, the entire Dujiangyan water conservancy system project was summarized and called Dujiangyan, which more accurately represents the entire water conservancy project system, and it has been used to this day.
Construction Process
The Minjiang River is a larger tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, originating from the high mountain areas of northern Sichuan. Whenever flash floods occur in spring and summer, the river rushes down from Guan County into the Chengdu Plain. Due to the narrow river channel, floods often occurred in ancient times. Once the flood recedes, sand and rocks are thrown back thousands of miles away. The Yulei Mountain on the east bank of the Minjiang River in Guanxian County blocks the eastward flow of the river, causing drought in the east and floods in the west.
In the fifty-first year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (256 BC), Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County in the Qin State, and his son learned from their predecessors' experience in water control and led the local people to preside over the construction of the famous Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. The overall plan of Dujiangyan is to divide the water flow of the Min River into two streams, one of which is introduced into the Chengdu Plain. This can not only divert floods and reduce disasters, but also divert water to irrigate fields and turn harm into benefit. The main project includes the Yuzui diversion dike, Feishayan spillway and Baopingkou water inlet.
First of all, Li Bing and his son invited many farmers with experience in water control to conduct on-site surveys of the terrain and water conditions, and determined to drill through Yulei Mountain to divert water. Since gunpowder had not yet been invented at that time, Li Bing burned the rocks with fire to explode them, and finally carved a pass 20 meters wide, 40 meters high, and 80 meters long in Yulei Mountain.
Because the shape resembles the mouth of a bottle, it was named "Baopingkou", and the pile of stones separated from Yulei Mountain was called "Lidui".
Anlan Cable Bridge is also known as "Anlan Bridge" and "Couple Bridge". It was built before the Song Dynasty. Located above the fish mouth of Dujiangyan, it is known as the "Five Great Bridges in Ancient China" and is the most distinctive landscape of Dujiangyan. The cable bridge is supported by wooden rows of stone piers, and thick bamboo cables are used to hang across the river. Wooden boards are laid on top as the bridge deck, and bamboo ropes are used as railings on both sides. The total length is about 500 meters. It was destroyed by war in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century AD). The current bridge is made of steel cable concrete piles.
After the Baopingkou water diversion project was completed, although it played a role in diversion and irrigation, due to the high terrain in the east of the river, it was difficult for the river water to flow into Baopingkou. Li Bing and his son led the masses not far from Yulei Mountain. Weirs were built on the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and in the middle of the river, and large bamboo cages filled with pebbles were placed in the middle of the river to form a long and narrow island shaped like a fish's mouth. The Fish Mouth divides the turbulent Minjiang River into the Outer River and the Inner River. The Outer River drains floods, and the Inner River flows into the Chengdu Plain through Baopingkou.
In order to further play a role in flood diversion and disaster reduction, a 200-meter-long spillway was built between the diversion weir and the Lidui River to flow into the outer river to ensure that there is no disaster in the inner river. There are bends, and the river water forms a circulation. When the river water exceeds the top of the weir, the debris carried in the flood will flow into the outer river, so that it will not block the inner river and Baopingkou waterway, so it is named "Feisha Weir".
In order to observe and control the water volume of the Neijiang River, Li Bing carved three stone statues and placed them in the water to determine the water level based on the principle that "dry water does not cover the foot, and flood does not cover the shoulder". A stone horse was also carved and placed in the center of the river as a standard for scouring the beach during the minimum water flow every year.
The three major parts of Dujiangyan have scientifically solved the problems of automatic diversion of river water, automatic sand discharge, and control of incoming water flow, thus eliminating flooding. The Chengdu Plain has since become thousands of miles of fertile land, becoming a land of abundance where "floods and droughts follow people".
Historical events
Li Bing founded Dujiangyan
In the late period of King Qin Zhao, when Li Bing was serving as the governor of Shu (about 276 BC to 251 BC), he conducted in-depth investigation and research , based on the experience of previous water control, carefully selected the mountain pass of the upper main stream of the Minjiang River at the top of the Chengdu Plain as the project site, united and organized the people of all ethnic groups in Xishu, and after hard work, Dujiangyan was finally built around 256 BC. Practice has proved that the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, which has been effective for more than 2,000 years, has a superior and reasonable geographical location, and the project layout is in line with the laws of nature. The three projects of water diversion embankment, spillway, and Baopingkou restrict and complement each other, and jointly play a role in water diversion, flood diversion, and drainage. important role in transporting rocks and sand. Dujiangyan still exerts huge benefits today.
Sima Qian inspected Dujiangyan
In the sixth year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (111 BC), when Sima Qian was ordered to go to the southwest as an envoy, he inspected Dujiangyan on the spot. He recorded Li Bing's achievements in establishing Dujiangyan in "Historical Records: Hequ Shu". Later generations built the Xizhan Pavilion and the Xizhan Hall at Minshan Mountain and Lidui to commemorate the event.
Zhang Ling preached in Qingcheng Mountain
During the Eastern Han Dynasty (126-144 AD), Zhang Ling crossed the Qinling Mountains from Luoyang to Heming Mountain to practice Taoism. In the second year of Han'an (143 AD) ) On July 1, he led his disciples to Jie Mao in Qingcheng Mountain to preach. Zhang Ling preached in the mountains around Qingcheng for 13 years. In the second year of Yongshou (AD 156), Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty became immortal in Qingcheng Mountain and was buried in the third Hunyuanding. Qingcheng Mountain became the birthplace of Tianshi Taoism, and Chang Taoist Temple was known as "the most mysterious place in the immortal capital, the land of blessing and prosperity, and the place where Tianshi Zhang emerged". Celestial masters from Longhu Mountain in the past dynasties often came to Qingcheng Mountain to pay homage to their ancestors and visit the tomb of Zhang Ling, the Celestial Master of the Han Dynasty.
Zhuge Liang set up troops to protect the weir
In the sixth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (AD 228), Zhuge Liang went on a northern expedition. With Dujiangyan as the foundation of agriculture and an important pillar of the country's economic development, he recruited soldiers 1,200 people are employed to guard it, and full-time weir officials are set up to carry out regular management and maintenance. This is the first time that full-time water conservancy officials have been set up to manage Dujiangyan in the past dynasties.
Marco Polo visited Dujiangyan
During the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (1264-1294 AD), the Italian traveler Marco Polo rode a horse from Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, and traveled more than 20 years Arriving in Chengdu on the same day, we visited Dujiangyan. Later, in his book "Marco Polo's Travels", he said: "The Dujiang River system has a very fast current, many fish in the river, and many ships carrying commercial goods up and down the river."
Richthofen inspected Dujiangyan
During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1874 AD), German geomorphologist and geologist Richthofen visited Dujiangyan and praised the irrigation method of Dujiangyan from an expert’s perspective. Its perfection is unparalleled anywhere in the world. In 1872, there was a special chapter introducing Dujiangyan in the Letters of Baron Richthofen. Richthofen was the first person to introduce Dujiangyan to the world in detail.
Building Chengdu-Guanma Road
The construction of the highway from Chengdu to Guanxian County started in 1913. The construction of the 2-kilometer "demonstration road" from one end of Guanxian County was completed and then stopped. In 1923, Lin Huoliangqing of the Sichuan Provincial Supervisory Committee was appointed as the general manager, and the official office was changed to a joint venture between government and businessmen. In 1925, the entire line was completed and opened to traffic on January 1, 1926. It is the first highway in Sichuan Province.
Establishing a joint venture
From 1919 to 1920, after the mayor of Xiaojin County resigned, Yao Baoshan from Guan County gathered people from the business circles in the province and established a joint venture with French Christian Xie Andao to establish Senmao. Logging companies.
Based in Guanxian County, the company felled large mountain logs in Lifan (now Lixian County, Aba Prefecture) and other places, processed them into square materials, and floated them into the Minjiang River through small ditches to Zipingpu, Guanxian County, where they were collected and then tied into large rafts. Sold by water transport in Chengdu, the profit is huge. It is the first Sino-foreign joint venture in Dujiangyan City. ?
Diexi Flood
On August 25, 1933, a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Diexi, Maoxian County, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. The rocks collapsed and cut off the Minjiang River and its tributaries. On October 9, 45 days after the Minjiang River was blocked, Xiaohaizi, the main stream, burst and water poured down. At about 1 o'clock on October 10, the flood entered Dujiangyan City, with a peak flow of about 10,200 cubic meters per second, destroying water conservancy projects such as Dujiangyan's Jingang Embankment, Pingtai Flume, Feishayan, and Herringbone Embankment, as well as the Anlan Cable Bridge. The inner and outer rivers merge into one, boundless ocean. 16 towns were affected, 1,000 hectares of farmland were destroyed, and more than 5,000 people died. More than 10,000 cubic meters of wood, more than 1,000 tons of coal and medicinal materials were washed away along the Ziping and Baisha Minjiang Rivers. Countless houses, bridges and mills were washed away along the rivers below Dujiangyan, and more than 10,000 people were displaced. ?
Huang Yanpei opened a school in Dujiangyan
In 1941, Huang Yanpei went to Dujiangyan and selected Fengdu Temple in the eastern suburbs of the city as the school site. During the summer vacation of the following year, Lu Shuang, the principal of Chongqing Vocational School, was assigned to Guan County to purchase paddy fields, cattle, and agricultural tools to prepare conditions for teaching practice. In February 1944, "Dujiang Practical Vocational School" opened, with Shen Suwen as the principal. Huang Yanpei and his wife Yao Weijun went to Guan County to preside over the opening ceremony, and personally formulated for the school "Seek truth in principles, seek truth in deeds, and keep promises in words." The school motto is "You must be steadfast in your actions". The school advocates a study style of "using both hands and brain" and focuses on the cultivation of students' ideological cultivation, cultural knowledge and production skills. The school established a board of directors, with Huang Yanpei as chairman. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the school was handed over to Guanxian County in October 1945. ?
Lin Sen presided over the water-opening ceremony of Dujiangyan
On the Qingming Festival in 1942, officials from the Sichuan Provincial Government and 14 counties in the irrigation district gathered in Dujiangyan to hold a water-opening ceremony. The ceremony was hosted by citizens who were living in Guanxian County at the time. Government Chairman Lin Sen presided over the event. Before opening the weir, worship Li Bing at Fulong Temple and worship the statue of Li Bing. After the sacrifice, Lin Sen and his attendants took a sedan chair and went directly to Erwang Temple to worship Li Erlang. After the ceremony, Lin Sen and his attendants went to Yuzui, Dujiangyan, where they witnessed the opening of the weir and the release of water amid firecrackers and cheers from the crowd. Feng Yuxiang donated money to build the pavilion
In 1941, 1942, and 1945, Feng Yuxiang, vice chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, lived in Guan County and Qingcheng Mountain several times. On the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Feng Yuxiang lived in Zhenwu Palace in Qingcheng Mountain. On the morning of August 11, 1945, when he heard the news of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and Japan's surrender, he immediately donated money to build a pavilion beside Zhenwu Palace, named it "Wen Sheng", and wrote a book and carved a monument to stand in the pavilion.
The People's Liberation Army rushes to repair Dujiangyan
In 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army marched into Sichuan. After entering Sichuan, Commander He Long pointed out that Dujiangyan must be repaired first to make up for the delayed annual repair time. It was decided to allocate special funds from military expenditures, and it was determined that Wang Xifu would be responsible for it, and the People's Liberation Army stationed in Guan County would assist in emergency repairs. On December 29, the Dujiangyan annual maintenance project temporary supervision office was established. The Chengdu Military Control Commission allocated 30,000 silver dollars for emergency repair funds. More than 1,500 people from the 184th Division of the People's Liberation Army stationed in Guan County participated in the emergency repair project under the command of division commander Lin Bin and political commissar Liang Wenying. The entire repair project was completed at the end of March 1950. On April 2, in accordance with Dujiangyan's traditional customs, a water-opening ceremony was held. ?
The 2250th Anniversary Celebration of the Construction of Dujiangyan
On April 5, 1994, it was hosted by the Sichuan Provincial Government and the Ministry of Water Resources, and hosted by the Chengdu Municipal Government, Dujiangyan Municipal Government, and Dujiangyan Administration Bureau The "2250th Anniversary Celebration of the Construction of Dujiangyan in Sichuan, China" was grandly held at the head of the Dujiangyan Canal. 69 missions from the United States, Canada, Japan, Singapore and other countries and regions attended the meeting to congratulate and participate in the celebrations. Participants recalled the great achievements of Li Bing and his son, and praised the development of the Dujiangyan Irrigation District from more than 190,000 hectares of irrigation in the 1950s to more than 670,000 hectares. , becoming the largest irrigation district in the country and a water conservancy project with huge benefits. During the commemoration event, the participants watched dances, antique sacrificial rituals and activities of chopping branches and releasing water that are rich in national and regional cultural characteristics.
Main landscape
Yuzui Water Diversion Embankment: "Yuzui" is the water diversion project of Dujiangyan. It is named because it is shaped like a fish mouth. It stands high in the center of the Minjiang River. , dividing the Minjiang River into two internal and external rivers. The west side is called the Outer River, commonly known as the "Jinma River", which is the normal flow of the Minjiang River and is mainly used for flood drainage; the east side along the foot of the mountain is called the Neijiang River, which is an artificial water diversion channel and is mainly used for irrigation.
Feishayan Spillway: The "spillway" has the remarkable function of releasing floods and floating sand, so it is also called "Feishayan". Feishayan is one of the three major parts of Dujiangyan. It looks very ordinary, but in fact it has a very great function. It can be said to be the key to ensuring that the Chengdu Plain is protected from floods. The main function of Feishayan is that when the water volume of the Neijiang River exceeds the upper flow limit of Baopingkou, the excess water will overflow from Feishayan; in the event of a severe flood, it will break its embankment and allow a large amount of river water to return to the Minjiang River. Right flow. Another function is "flying sand". The Minjiang River rushes from the mountains and mountains, carrying a large amount of sediment and stones. If they are allowed to flow down the inner river, they will block the mouth of Baoping and the irrigation area. In ancient times, Feisha Weir was a temporary project built with bamboo cages and pebbles; now it is cast in concrete to ensure a permanent effect.
Baopingkou: Baopingkou functions as a "control gate" and can automatically control the water inflow of the Neijiang River. It is carved on the long ridge of Jianshan Mountain (now known as Guankou Mountain and Yulei Mountain) extending to the Minjiang River. An opening, it is an artificially chiselled throat to control the inflow of water from the Neijiang River. Because it looks like the mouth of a bottle and has unique functions, it is named Baopingkou. The hill left on the right side of Baopingkou is named Lidui because it is separated from the mountain. Before the opening of the treasure bottle was excavated, Lidui was part of Hutou Rock in Jianshan Mountain. Because of the magnificent natural landscape of Baopingkou, it is known as "Lidusuo Gorge" and is one of the famous "Ten Scenic Spots of Guanyang" in history.
Fulong Temple: Fulong Temple is located at Lidui Park in Dujiangyan City, with a deep pool below it. Because Li Bing subdued the evil dragon and hid under Lidui, it was changed to worship Li Bing in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is called "Fulong Temple". Fulong Temple is also known as Laowang Temple, Li Gongci, Li Gong Temple, etc. In the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1866), the governor of Sichuan, Chong Shi, thought: "Although I am a holy man, I do not eat before my father. What's more, he is a virtuous man: He has also contributed to Shu, and his efforts and achievements are worthy of his son. Today, I have forgotten my ancestors in several classics." , To hide his father's unfailing Qin?"
Erwang Temple: Located on the hillside on the right bank of the Minjiang River, facing Dujiangyan in front. It is a temple commemorating Li Bing and his son, the builders of the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. It was originally the Wangdi Temple in memory of the King of Shu. The ancient name of Erwang Temple is "Chongde Temple". It was built in AD 494-498. The building complex is located on the east bank of the Dujiangyan Canal. It is large in scale, rigorous in layout, and extremely quiet. It is a famous scenic spot that combines temples and gardens. It covers an area of ??about 50,000 square meters and the main building is about 10,000 square meters. Erwang Temple is divided into east and west wings. The east wing is the garden area, and the west wing is the palace area. The whole temple is a wooden structure building. The temple completely relies on the natural geographical environment and takes advantage of the mountains. The architectural style does not emphasize central axis symmetry. Overlapping and staggered up and down. Magnificent and beautiful, the environment is beautiful.
Anlan Cable Bridge: Also known as "Couple Bridge", it is located on the Yuzui Divide of Dujiangyan, spanning the inner and outer rivers, and is 500 meters long. It was built before the Song Dynasty and was destroyed by war in the late Ming Dynasty. The ancient name was "Zhupu Bridge". In the first year of Chunhua in the Song Dynasty, it was changed to "Pingshi Bridge". The new bridge built in Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty was renamed "Anlan Bridge". The original cable bridge was supported by wooden rows of stone piers and used bamboo cables as thick as the mouth of a bowl. On the river surface, there are wooden boards as the bridge deck, with bamboo ropes as railings on both sides, with a total length of about 500 meters. Located at the mouth of the first fish of Dujiangyan, it is known as the five major bridges in ancient China and is the most characteristic landscape of Dujiangyan. Cable bridges originated earlier in western Sichuan. The specific year when the Anlan Cable Bridge was built has not been verified, but according to "Huayang Guozhi. Shu Zhi", it is recorded that Li Bing was "able to carry a hat". "Shui Jing Zhu. Rivers" records that "there is a Zuo Bridge on the Fujiang River", which proves that at least the construction of the Anlan Bridge will not be later than the construction of Dujiangyan. Zuo means bamboo rope, which is the main building material of ancient cable bridges in western Sichuan. Therefore, Anlan Cable Bridge is also called bamboo bridge, rope bridge, bamboo and rattan bridge, etc. The current bridge was rebuilt in 1974. It was moved down more than 100 meters, the bamboo cables were changed to steel cables, and the wooden pile piers supporting the cables were changed to concrete piles.
Related questions
Why is Dujiangyan famous in the world
The only remaining ancient large-scale water conservancy project. Dujiangyan is a large-scale water conservancy project with scientific layout, cost-saving and high-efficiency. It has been built for generations and has lasted for 2260 years. It is the most successful water conservancy masterpiece in ancient Chinese history. It is also the most perfect, advanced, scientific and unique design and construction in the world's water conservancy history. The damless water diversion hub is the only remaining wonder of the ancient water conservancy project that has been used to this day to "serve the past for the present". The irrigation systems of ancient Egypt and Babylonia, which were built at roughly the same time, as well as the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Ling Canal in Guangxi, China, were either lost or failed due to changes in the sea and the passage of time. Only Dujiangyan is unique in that it has been built. It has a long history and still nourishes the vast hectares of farmland in the Land of Abundance.
Philosophical thoughts and management experiences on water control that can be used for reference. Dujiangyan has a long history and benefits future generations. In addition to its ingenious engineering layout, the secret of Dujiangyan is that it follows the guiding ideology of water control of "taking advantage of the situation and adapting to the times" and the management system of "repair every year". The principle of river management is to "build a fish's mouth and build a gap, dig deep into the beach, and build a weir at a low level". The management experience and weir control principles of water diversion, sand control and flood discharge. The essence of the guiding ideology of "taking advantage of the situation and adapting to current conditions" is a water management philosophy that is applicable everywhere. It emphasizes the need to fully grasp the flow of rivers and other natural conditions, and use and guide them correctly to utilize them. Favorable conditions eliminate unfavorable factors. At the same time, they should change with time, location and specific conditions, and take different measures to complete the project. This philosophy of water control has very important reference and guiding significance not only for the past, but also for our water conservancy work today.
The unique water culture of Dujiangyan. The Dujiangyan water culture with strong regional color produced by Dujiangyan includes hydrology, hydrological relics, hydrotheology, etc., such as the cultural landscapes of "Erwang Temple", "Fulong Temple", "Observation Deck", etc.; reconstructed fish The stone statue of Li Bing of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the stone carvings of "Drinking water and remembering its source" unearthed from the mouth; folk legends praising Li Bing and his son for subduing the dragon and controlling floods, and sacrificial activities with a certain religious and theological color; as well as the resulting poems and lyrics for offering sacrifices to water, gods, and people. The hydrology of calligraphy and painting occupies a place in Chinese history and culture.
Dujiangyan is not only a world-famous ancient Chinese water conservancy project, but also a famous scenic spot. In 1982, Dujiangyan, as an important part of the Qingcheng Mountain-Dujiangyan Scenic Area in Sichuan, was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national scenic areas.
On May 8, 2007, the Qingcheng Mountain-Dujiangyan tourist attraction in Chengdu was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Li Bing and his son have great achievements
Dujiangyan was built in the third century AD. It is a large-scale water conservancy project led by Li Bing and his son, the prefect of Shu County in the Qin State during the Warring States Period in China. It is one of the most famous water conservancy projects in the world. So far, it is the oldest and only remaining grand water conservancy project characterized by diversion of water without dams. For more than 2,200 years, it has still exerted great benefits. Li Bing's water control has made great contributions to the contemporary era and will benefit the future. It is worthy of being regarded as a great masterpiece of the civilized world and a great water conservancy project that benefits the people. The fact that the Chengdu Plain is so fertile and is known as the "Tianfu" paradise is fundamentally the result of Li Bing's creation of Dujiangyan. Therefore, "Historical Records" said: "The completion of Dujiangyan has made the Chengdu Plain "floods and droughts come from people, who do not know how to understand hunger, and there are no years of famine, and the world calls it 'Tianfu'."
For more than 2,000 years, Li Bing and his son The blessings brought to the Land of Abundance by chiseling Lidui, digging weirs and building canals have always been respected and appreciated by the world. Erwang Temple has not only been popular since ancient times, but has also had official and private rituals and sacrificial activities throughout history. Temple fair activities centered on the 24th and 26th of June of the lunar calendar each year were formed with Li Bing and his son as the theme characters.
Overview of Dujiangyan City
Dujiangyan City is A famous tourist attraction in Sichuan. Dujiangyan City is rated as "China's Historical and Cultural City" and "China's Excellent Tourism City". Dujiangyan City is a landscape garden city. The Dujiangyan Canal is adjacent to the city. Five rivers pass through the city. Lingyan Mountain City stands tall. The mountains, rivers, cities and forests are integrated, with a national forest park and a national wild animal and plant nature reserve. The urban forest coverage rate reaches 70%, and it is rated as a "National Ecological Demonstration Zone"; the annual average temperature is 15.2℃, and the air quality is The water quality maintains the national first-class level all year round.
Transportation overview
Dujiangyan urban area and Chengdu urban area are connected by Chengdu-Guanzhou Expressway, which is about 30 minutes’ drive away; it is 60 kilometers away from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport. ; National Highway 213 (Lanzhou to Kunming) runs east to west across the city.
At the newly built Chadianzi Bus Station in Chengdu, there are buses going directly to Dujiangyan Passenger Transport Center, departing at 6:30 am and 7 pm every day. Class ends at :00.
There is convenient public transportation in the city. Buses extend in all directions, and tourists can easily reach various tourist attractions. In addition, there are green and pollution-free taxis in the city. The price is cheap. If you want to experience the city, you can also take a rickshaw, which is another story.
Dujiangyan Travel Tips
Recommended tour experience:
1 If you only focus on seeing the river dams, a general tour of one hour is enough. You can rush to Qingcheng Mountain on the same day, or visit Dujiangyan after descending from Qingcheng Mountain.
2. Enter from the south gate, look at the government offices, memorial halls and shops, walk across a bridge, take a one-way tour bus to Yuzui, then cross the rope bridge to Erwang Temple. You can see the scenery of the whole Yan from Qinyan Tower.
Dujiangyan Water Culture
During the Warring States Period, King Zhaoxiang of Qin and Shu Governor Li Bing followed the water control achievements of his predecessors and organized the construction of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, which relieved floods and droughts in the Chengdu Plain. Now the Dujiangyan Project has controlled irrigation. Farmland in 39 counties (cities) in the Chengdu Plain is booming with industry, power generation, shipping, aquatic products and other industries. The ancient water conservancy project with a history of more than 2,200 years has been able to maintain its youth and maintain a sustainable development momentum for a long time. , plays a huge role in the development of the national economy. Whether from the perspective of historical development or actual social development, the characteristics and benefits of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project are unique in the world's water conservancy construction.
During more than two thousand years of operation, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project has fully unleashed its engineering potential, and people have accumulated unique and valuable experience in long-term practice. The cultural connotation is rich, reflecting the wisdom of water control pioneers and the working people. The formation and development of Dujiangyan water culture fully reflects the correctness and long-term nature of "practice is the only criterion for testing truth." The connotation of Dujiangyan water culture reflects the entire process of project construction, maintenance, management and development, and is one of the important legacies of the development of human society. Therefore, the United Nations has assessed the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project as an important world cultural heritage.
The cultural connotation of Dujiangyan is of special significance to the sustainable development of water conservancy. People have created the Dujiangyan water culture through long-term practice, which has profound connotations and is an important factor in the long-term prosperity of the Dujiangyan project. The principle of "taking advantage of the situation and adapting to current conditions" is the guideline for managing the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. It is called the "eight-character motto". When Comrade Liu Shaoqi inspected the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project on March 18, 1958, he pointed out: "Taking advantage of the situation and adapting to current conditions" is about dialectics. The Three-Character Classic on Water Control in Dujiangyan is also a summary of people’s experience and code of conduct in managing the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. "Walk the beach deeply, build a weir low, six-character edict, a guide for thousands of years, dig river sand, pile embankments, build fish mouths, install sheepfolds, erect pavilions, chisel leaky pots, weave dense cages, and install strong stones, divided into four and six , flat and drought, water painted talisman, iron chun see, diligently repair every year, prevent troubles, abide by the old system, do not change arbitrarily." The Three Character Classic of Water Control is a summary of people's experience in managing Dujiangyan for more than a thousand years. It has profound cultural connotations and is the code of conduct for managing Dujiangyan. Someone once criticized the "Follow the old system and do not change" in the "Three Character Classic of Water Control" as a reflection of conservative thinking.
Practice has proved that every measure in the "Three Character Classic of Water Control" has been summed up by people from long-term practice and deserves to be cherished and inherited. The so-called adhering to the old system and not changing things arbitrarily means that we must act according to objective laws when managing Dujiangyan. The "Three Character Classic of Water Control" is a summary of the experience of managing the Dujiangyan project over thousands of years. "Don't change" does not mean to remain unchanged, but to act in accordance with objective laws. Practice has proved that the cultural connotation of "Three Character Classic of Water Control" is the result of people's long-term practice. As people continue to practice, the significance of the "Three Character Classic of Water Control" will keep pace with the times, guiding the protection and development of the Dujiangyan Project in the long term.
According to the water potential and terrain characteristics, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project uses rivers to intercept and divert water, pebble bank protection, bamboo cages and stone embankments, and horizontal irons to demonstrate the standards of beach washing, as well as "cut corners when encountering bends, and pull out the heart at the right time." Relics such as "Washing the beach deep and constructing the weir low" constitute a unique landscape with exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful shape and significant functions. They show the characteristics of Dujiangyan water culture and have far-reaching historical and practical significance. As for the legend of subduing the evil dragon, the story of Wangniangtan is well-known to every household, with profound cultural connotations, reflecting people's love and attachment to Dujiangyan. As for the water gauge and ancient water rules at Baopingkou, they also show the wisdom of the working people and guide the people in the irrigation area to correctly use the Dujiangyan water resources, so that the industrial and agricultural production in the irrigation area can take advantage of the advantages and avoid disadvantages. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the People's Government announced the water level of Baopingkou in Dujiangyan in a prominent position in the party newspaper (West Sichuan Daily) every day, allowing people in the irrigation area to grasp the water conditions of Dujiangyan in a timely manner and arrange production, flood control and drought relief. Baopingkou Principles still have significance in guiding industrial and agricultural production and domestic water use in irrigation areas. As for the unearthed statue of Li Bing and the discovery of the "lying iron", it not only surprised archaeologists, but also revealed the treasures of Dujiangyan's water culture, arousing people's memory and respect for the pioneers in the construction of Dujiangyan.