Jia Wenzhong, member of the Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee of China Cultural Relics Society
Xuande furnace has many mysteries, such as: how to identify the authenticity of Xuande furnace? The mystery of materials and processing technology of Xuande furnace? How many styles does Xuande furnace have? How many colors are there in the shell of Xuande furnace? How many styles does Xuande furnace have? How big is the existence of Xuande Furnace? How to identify an artificial furnace? How to identify Wu Bangzuo's furnace-making? Wait, now I'll talk about my personal opinion on Wu Bangzuo's furnace-making.
At present, Wu Bangzuo's stoves are very rich, just like Xuande stoves-they can be seen everywhere, which is inseparable from people's love for Xuande stoves. You think, which plaything emperor likes, the minister doesn't, and the minister likes literati, following the trend and worshipping, which leads to national fanaticism. Imitation of Ming dynasty began in Xuande period, and reached its peak in the late Ming dynasty, until various stages of Qing dynasty and finally to the Republic of China. Recently, the imitation craze reached a climax because the famous collector Mr. Wang auctioned a Xuande furnace with millions of yuan.
Recently, I saw several stoves that read "Wu Bangzuo, Minister of Industry". Now I want to introduce two of them. One is the lion's head ear furnace, which is 9 cm high and 16 cm in diameter. The bottom payment is made by Wu Bangzuo, a senior minister of the Ministry of Industry of Daming Xuande for five years, and the overall color is old brass. According to the collector, "this furnace was originally light chestnut skin color because of its primary color." Secondly, the bridge ear, also known as the phoenix eye ear furnace, has a round abdomen, a height of 12.5cm and a diameter of 14cm. There are inscriptions both inside and outside. The inner bottom of the abdomen is "Neidan Society" organized by Ssangyong, and the outer bottom of the abdomen is "supervised by Wu Bangzuo, the minister of the Ministry of Industry of Daming Xuande for six years". The overall color is eggplant skin purple.
As for the furnace made by Wu Bangzuo, the author thinks it is not suitable to be listed as a true Xuande furnace. Xuande Furnace should have been built by Emperor Xuande in 1934. In other years, Xuande models should be imitations. But at present, it is difficult to identify the Xuande furnace made this year, so it has to be classified as Ming imitation, Qing imitation, Republic of China imitation and modern imitation. As for other shapes such as Wu Bangzuo and Li Chengde, they should be classified as imitations of Xuande. There are also: Qin Shulu (Wu Bangzuo), Yutang Wanqing (Yandong Building), Zhong Shiji, Shudetang, Pinzhuzhai, Baoding, Banquet, Wanqing, Wang Xu, Zhushanfu, Gan Qing Palace, Zheng Denian System, Song Yuelu, Xingpuzhai Zheng Qing, etc. In addition, although the shape of the "artificial stove" is the same as that of Xuande Furnace, it is the same in style. , it should be called "artificial stove".
At present, in addition to the two 16-character models mentioned above, there are also eight-character models such as "Wu Bangzuo made in five years of Xuande", "Wu Bangzuo made by the Ministry of Industry", "Cross-shaped model", "Wu Bangzuo made by the Ministry of Industry in six years of Xuande in Daming" and "Wu Bangzuo made in eight years of Xuande in Daming". These stoves can be made as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, but the quantity is very small, and most of them are imitations of the Qing Dynasty or the Republic of China.
To study Xuande Furnace, we should first look at the ancient documents recording Xuande Furnace. At present, the most reliable and earliest is the Manual of Xuande Setting Instrument written by Lu Zhen in Ming Dynasty, which was originally presented to the emperor and has never been published in the world. During the Jiajing period, many versions were released from the palace and copied, mainly including the Manual of Xuande Ding Yi (eight volumes) and the Manual of Xuande Yi Yi (three volumes). Wu Bangzuo is a supervisor and has no record of making his own furnace. All books and materials introducing Wu Bangzuo's style were copied from the late Ming or Qing Dynasty. What's more, in the era of autocracy, it is impossible for ministers to borrow money at will without imperial edict. It is possible that Wu Bangzuo dared to copy Xuande Furnace only after the death of Xuande Emperor, and it is more likely that someone in the late Ming Dynasty copied it in the name of Wu Bangzuo.
A good copper incense burner should have: generous shape, natural lines, correct style, neat font, exquisite workmanship, soft and moist color, heavy body, and a certain year, which can meet the needs of atlas and personal preferences. At present, in the case of rare genuine Xuande furnaces, it is priceless to get a copper furnace with good quality and color, as illustrated by the two highest-priced copper furnaces auctioned by Mr. Wang-Chongzhen and Shunzhi.
China Education News, August 8, 2005, 4th edition.
References:
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Domestic transaction price:
1 evaluation of Jinping xuande furnace in the middle of Qing dynasty: RMB 25,000-35,000; transaction price: RMB 715,000; auction company: China guardian auction date: 2002-1-03 lotNo.:1.
2 Tong Ming Shuangfeng No.2 Xuande Furnace Valuation: 35,000-45,000 yuan Transaction price: 7 1000 yuan.
Auction Company: Zhongmao Shengjia Auction Date: 2002- 12-07 LotNo.: 0984
3 Ming copper sheet gold Xuande furnace valuation: RMB 30,000-40,000 Yuan Transaction price: 4 1.800 yuan.
Auction Company: Beijing Panlong Auction Date: 200 1-0 1-07 LotNo. : 735
4 Ming Copper Three-legged Xuande Furnace Valuation: RMB1-10.3 million yuan Transaction price: 0.99 million yuan.
Auction Company: Beijing Panlong Auction Date: 200 1-0 1-07 LotNo. : 734
5. Valuation of Tongqing Xuande Furnace: 300,000-500,000 yuan. Transaction price: RMB 385,000.
Auction Company: China Guardian Auction Date: 2002-1-17 LotNo.: 17 15.
6. Valuation of Tongqing Xuande Furnace: 250,000-350,000 yuan. Transaction price: 275,000 yuan.
Auction Company: China Guardian Auction Date: 2003-0/-12 LotNo.: 1804.
7. Valuation of Tongqing Xuande Furnace: RMB 0.25-350,000. Transaction price: RMB275,000.
Auction Company: China Guardian Auction Date: July 2002-13 LotNo.: 17 16.
8. Valuation of Copper Xuande Furnace in the Middle Qing Dynasty: RMB 200,000-300,000; Transaction price: RMB 220,000.
China Guardian Auction Date: 2003-01-0/2 LotNo.: 18 18
9. Valuation of Tongqing Xuande Furnace (2 pieces): No reserve price; Transaction price: 550,000 yuan.
China Guardian Auction Date: September 2002-15 LotNo.: 187 1
Transaction prices in foreign countries, China and Hongkong:
1April 199817/18th century bronze incense burner, diameter18.4cm, transaction price11500,000 Hong Kong dollars.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in Hong Kong.
1June, 998 18 century ear copper incense burner, diameter 17 cm, transaction price 1495.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
65438+June 099819th Century Silver Line Copper Incense Furnace, with a diameter of 79.3 cm, with a transaction price of 3220.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
1September, 99817/18th century bronze incense burner with a height of 23.5cm and a transaction price of $4,025.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1999 February A pair of gilded bronze incense burners, 32 cm long, sold for 1 127.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
1March 199918th century long square ear copper incense burner, 38. 1 cm high, with a transaction price of $3,450.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1March, 199918th century bronze tripod furnace,18.4cm high, with a transaction price of 17250 USD.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1June, 199918th century "Shi Sou exclusive" bronze silver incense burner, with a diameter of 28.5cm and a price of 690. Auction company: Sotheby's in London.
1September, 199918th-century copper furnace with a diameter of 18.4 cm and a transaction price of $43 12.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1September, 1999, a group of five incense burners with the largest diameter of 19.7 cm was sold at 10800 yuan.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1September, 1999, a group of six incense burners, the maximum diameter is 24. 1 cm, and the price is 5 100 USD.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
1999165438+1October1617th century gold-plated Hu Wenming Ming bronze incense burner, with a diameter of 22 cm, was sold for 1380.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
1999165438+1October18th century "Yutang Wanqing" bronze incense burner, diameter 16 cm, sold for 6,325 pounds.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
In September 2000, a group of six gold-sprinkled copper incense burners started shooting, with a maximum diameter of 26.7 cm and a transaction price of 19 150 USD.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
In September, 2000, a set of 6 bronze incense burners was started, with the maximum diameter of 15.2cm and the transaction price of 10800 USD.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
May 38, 2006+June 017/18th Century Copper Fang Ding, 39.4 cm long, sold for 4,800 pounds.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
2001June1718 century bronze incense burner with a diameter of 28.5 cm, the transaction price is 3 120.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
2001June 17 diameter 13.3 cm century bronze incense burner, the transaction price was 940 pounds.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
2001June18th century Tian Chong ear bronze tripod furnace, diameter18cm, the transaction price is 840.
Auction company: Sotheby's auction house in London
20011019th century gold-plated bronze tripod furnace, with a diameter of 34.9 cm, was sold for $4,560.
Auction Company: Sotheby's in new york.
September 200217th century gold-plated Hu Wenming Ming bronze incense burner, with a diameter of 22.8 cm, sold for 3,760 pounds.