1. Anhui’s collective and scattered living. Folk customs in Xuancheng, Anhui
In the old days, most of the folk villages were inhabited by clans. For example, Hongcun Village and Xidi Village in Yixian County, Huangshan City still retain the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The villagers' houses are connected together, surrounded by mountains and rivers, facing north and south.
Each household likes to build a separate living room, such as connecting three, connecting five, and connecting seven (seven houses built side by side), or "three in the open and five in the dark" style, with a hall in the middle and a hall on the left and right. Each room is divided into two, with a front yard and a back yard. Most of the houses are made of mud bricks and tiles, and a few have blue brick walls; poor households build huts with mud walls to cover their roofs.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a small number of urban people lived in unit buildings; after the 1980s, old city reconstruction began, and most of the streets were built with uniform high-rise buildings. Urban residents regarded unit buildings as their host. Since the 1990s, community construction has gradually become a trend. 2. Torch Festival of the Yi people in Sichuan:
The Torch Festival is the grandest traditional festival of the Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan. It falls on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month every year. Every family drinks alcohol, eats meat, and kills animals to sacrifice their ancestors. People wear new clothes and carry out cultural and sports activities with national characteristics. Men participate in bullfighting, sheep, chicken, horse racing, and wrestling; women sing, play oral strings, and play the yueqin. Kangding Mountain Tour:
On the eighth day of April every year, people gather in Kangding from all directions. On the lawn of the top of the mountain, tents stretch out, and there are huge crowds of people. Horse racing, wrestling and other national sports activities are held during the day. At night, bonfires are lit, people sit on the ground drinking, singing and dancing all night long. Huanglong Temple Fair:
Every year on the 16th day of the sixth lunar month, Tibetan, Qiang, Hui and Han people from hundreds of miles around gather at Huanglong Temple. They camp in tents in the open space in front of the temple, with fires like stars. The chiefs of each tribe led their people to line up in a large siege, dancing in a circle and singing to each other, echoing in the valley. Sichuan Opera:
It is a local drama popular in Sichuan and one of the older types of opera. Because of its long history, distinctive local color, strong flavor of life and broad mass base, it occupies a certain position on the stage of Chinese drama and is a wonderful flower in the garden of literature and art. Chunhuan talks about spring:
Han social customs. Popular throughout Sichuan. The time is around the Spring Festival. In the old days, the spring herders wore black gauze hats and official uniforms, holding a wooden carved spring cow in their left hand and a spring stick in their right hand. Today's spring herders are dressed like ordinary people, except that they carry a cattle whip.
They climbed mountains and waded in rivers, visited villages and villages, and made up some auspicious songs and sang them wherever they went. After singing, a cow inspection picture printed on red paper is given to the host. After the inspection is completed, the householder should give some coins to the inspector as a reward.
Bringing animals to meet guests:
The Yi people’s social custom. When the Yi people entertain guests, they slaughter different animals according to the different needs of the guests at the meeting: distinguished guests slaughter cattle, inferior guests slaughter pigs and sheep, and ordinary guests slaughter chickens. No matter what kind of animal is slaughtered, the animal must be brought in front of the guest after the guest comes in, and then slaughtered to show that the animal is not dead or stolen. Jisuo:
The communication customs of the Yi people. Yi transliteration means avoidance. According to traditional customs, daughters-in-law, father-in-law, uncles, and husband's uncles must avoid each other to show mutual respect. People who need to avoid each other must keep a certain distance when sitting, standing, and walking. They cannot sit face to face, cannot use vulgar language, and cannot have any contact with any part of the body. Even the rugs on the body cannot rub each other.
When the two parties meet on the road, the daughter-in-law should stand aside respectfully and wait for the other party to leave before leaving. A daughter-in-law cannot comb her hair in front of someone she should avoid. If she is combing her hair and suddenly sees the other person approaching, she should quickly cover her head with a felt, otherwise it will be rude. Wrestling:
Traditional recreational activities of the Yi people. On every New Year's Day and festive occasion, people from neighboring villages will jointly hold wrestling matches, and the scene is very lively. According to custom, the winning wrestler will become the idol of the girls and win their love first. 3. Shanxi
Taipei is the most famous food in Taiyuan and has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list.
The origin is this: Mr. Fu Shan was proficient in medical skills in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, especially in gynecology. Fu Shan's mother, Chen, was sick in her later years. He devoted himself to research and invented "Bazhen Decoction" to nourish and recuperate his mother.
Bazhen Decoction was originally a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diseases during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It is composed of ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, white Poria cocos, angelica root, Chuanxiong rhizome, white peony root, Rehmannia glutinosa and Zhigancao. They are all treasures for nourishing qi and nourishing blood. . Fu Shan, who was proficient in medical skills, transformed "Bazhen Decoction" from a pure medicine into a medicinal diet, and also benefited from the ancient food custom of brain wine.
For first-time drinkers, they are still new to foreign wines, their thoughts must be pure, and their hearts must be pure. In this way, they can barely swallow it the first time, slightly discern its aroma the second time, and enjoy it with relish the third time. . To keep your mind in good health, you often don’t get angry after eating. There are mutton, yam, and lotus root slices in my mind. Mutton is hot and nourishing, lotus root clears away heat and resolves phlegm, and yam nourishes the spleen and removes dampness. It is said that the mind also has a beauty effect, and it is good for women to eat it.
Extended information:
As early as in the book "Hanshu·Wang Ji Biography", there is a record of "different styles in a hundred miles, and different customs in a thousand miles". "Book of Rites: Kingship" says: "In the second month of the year, he patrols the east. As for Daizong, he fires firewood and looks at the mountains and rivers to worship. He goes to the princes and asks those who have been there for hundreds of years. He orders the grand master to write poems to observe the folk customs." The king's patrol ceremony mentioned here means that the king goes deep into the people and conducts investigation and research on the folk customs and customs of rural society.
The Taishi is an official in charge of music and responsible for collecting folk songs. He presents the folk songs (national style) inherited by the people to the king. Through these folk songs, the monarch "observes the customs and knows the gains and losses" and formulates or adjusts the country's policies. "Wind" in the "Book of Songs", a collection of ancient Chinese poetry, is a folk song spread among various ethnic groups in ancient times.
These folk songs reflect the customs and habits of the ancient people, contain a large number of ancient folklore events, and are of great value to the study of ancient Chinese folklore. For example, the Jianghu culture and chivalrous culture in "Water Margin" all belong to the category of folk cultural consciousness.
Extended information source: Baidu Encyclopedia: Folklore