The number of emerging enterprises is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world, and high-tech exports account for 70% of all export revenue. The export of electronic products accounts for 40% of all industrial products. Software industry has become a major force in the international software industry and an internationally recognized software design center. In recent years, Israel has made remarkable achievements in satellite images, nanotechnology, anti-missile system, new agricultural technology development, solar power generation, biotechnology and other fields.
Israel has world-leading scientific research strength in IT, new media, medicine, water treatment and other fields.
Building the country through science and technology and rejuvenating the country through science and technology have enabled Israel to win the competition of comprehensive national strength in the world today. Former Israeli Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres once said that in a country like Israel, it is not the sky, not the earth, but the technology. Israel has an average annual rainfall of 200 mm, and water resources are seriously lacking. Desertification land accounts for 60% of the total land area. Over the years, Israel's achievements in agricultural science and technology research and development, desertification control, water-saving agriculture, factory farming, crop variety improvement and popularization, ecological agriculture and plant protection have attracted worldwide attention. The agricultural population has decreased from 70% of the national population to 3% now, and agricultural products such as wheat, flowers, fruits and cotton are not only self-sufficient, but also exported in large quantities. Israel's high-tech industry has sprung up suddenly, and the information industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy. The number of emerging enterprises is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world, and high-tech exports account for 70% of all export revenue. The export of electronic products accounts for 40% of all industrial products. Software industry has become a major force in the international software industry and an internationally recognized software design center. In recent years, Israel has made remarkable achievements in satellite images, nanotechnology, anti-missile system, new agricultural technology development, solar power generation, biotechnology and other fields.
Israel's development of high technology has the following noteworthy characteristics:
First, backed by high-quality human resources. Israel ranks first in the world in the proportion of scientists and engineers engaged in high-tech research and development. According to the statistics of 1999, there are 145 people per 100 people, while there are 85 people in the United States, more than 70 people in Japan and less than 60 people in Germany. 25% of Israel's labor force is engaged in the technical industry, which is also the highest in the world. Per capita, the number of scientific and technological publications in Israel is also the highest in the world.
Second, relevant laws and supporting policies and regulations have created favorable conditions for high-tech development. Science and technology legislation mainly includes the Industrial R&D Encouragement Law and the Investment Encouragement Law. The former stipulates that the government will provide a certain proportion of interest-free loans to enterprises' R&D projects, and the government and enterprises will share the risks, encourage enterprises to invest in high-tech R&D and promote the development of high-tech industries. The latter stipulates that the government should provide a certain proportion of investment subsidies and preferential conditions such as tax reduction and exemption for investment projects in industries, tourism, agriculture and other fields with certain conditions to attract investment. Israel has always attached importance to investment in scientific research and development. In 2000, R&D investment accounted for 3.5% of GDP, ranking third in the world. Israel also encourages the transfer of national defense technology to civilian use, raising the whole high-tech industry to a new level.
The third is to attach importance to international exchanges and cooperation. Israel uses the developed scientific and technological achievements as resources to produce and sell knowledge products, expand its share in the international market, and further improve its scientific and technological level through scientific and technological cooperation. Israel's scientific and technological cooperation is mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe and the Far East. The largest partner is the United States, followed by Germany, France and other western European countries; Russia, Ukraine and other countries have bilateral cooperation agreements. Israel also signed an intergovernmental agreement on scientific and technological cooperation with China. Israel has established industrial development cooperation funds with some countries and regions, and the cooperation fund with the United States has reached more than 654.38 billion US dollars. Among the scientific papers published by Israeli scientists in foreign magazines, 1/3 is in cooperation with foreign scientists. The vast majority of college graduates have to work in foreign first-class scientific research institutions for 1-2 years before they start their scientific research work in China. Most well-known professors in Israeli universities are also visiting professors in famous universities in the United States and western Europe, and well-known professors in the United States and western Europe often teach in Israeli universities. This is conducive to the exchange between Israeli scholars and foreign countries, so as to grasp the latest scientific and technological trends in the world.
Fourth, the development of science and technology has a sense of advance. "Xiao He just showed his sharp corner, and there was a dragonfly on it." In the early 1990s, Israel began to adjust its industrial structure with high technology as its core, and vigorously developed the information industry, making it a new growth point of the national economy. After the information industry is in the leading position, it pays more attention to the development of biotechnology in order to gain a favorable position in the scientific and technological competition in the 2 1 century. In order to adapt to globalization, Israel began to formulate new science and technology policies, focusing on reducing the tax burden of high-tech companies, reducing the outflow of high-tech companies and cultivating high-tech multinational companies. Israel tries its best to catch the new trend of high-tech development in the future, trying to take the lead in the field of science and technology and seize the commanding heights.