Karate is a combination of traditional Japanese fighting skills and Ryukyu martial arts Tang Shou. It originated from Japanese martial arts and Ryukyu Tang Shou. Tang Shou was developed when Chinese martial arts were introduced to Ryukyu and combined with the local martial arts Ryukyu players. The Japanese natives combined the wrestling, throwing and other fighting skills of Kyushu and Honshu with Tang Shou, and finally formed karate. After World War II, it was widely disseminated around the world through US military propaganda. Karate includes kicking, hitting, throwing, holding, throwing, locking, twisting, reverse techniques, acupuncture and other techniques. Some schools also practice weapon techniques. Below is what I have compiled just for you:.
1. Shōtōkan
Shōtōkan
Shotokan
Founded Date: 1936
Country of Origin: Japan
Founder: Funakoshi Gichin 1868-1957, Funakoshi Gighao 1906-1945
Source Martial Arts: Okinawa Martial Arts Jujutsu
Source schools: Shuri Te Takeuchi-ryu ancient jujutsu and new or Shinto Yoshin-ryu jujitsu
Development schools: Wado-ryu, Shotokai, Sento-ryu, Shinto natural-ryu , Yoshokan Karate, Kyokushin
Shotokan style is a type of karate, developed from various martial arts by Funakoshi Gichin (1868.11.10-1957.4.26) and his son Funakoshi Gigo (1906-1945) Come. Funakoshi Gichin was born in Okinawa. Through a series of public martial arts performances, he widely promoted modern karate and promoted universities including Keio University, Waseda University, Hitotsubashi University, Takushoku University, Chuo University, and Gakushuin University. The development of karate clubs in universities including Hosei University.
Many of Funakoshi's students in university clubs and social dojos continued to teach karate after his death in 1957. However, internal differences of opinion led to the birth of different organizations, including the initial split of Nakayama Masatoshi's Japan Karate Association (JKA) and Egami Shigeru's Shotokai (Shotokai), and other successive splits, leading to the fact that today, although they are all influenced by Funakoshi, none of them are unified. "Shotokan".
Etymology
Shotokan is the name of the first official dojo established by Gichin Funakoshi in Mejiro, Japan in 1936. It was destroyed due to joint bombing in 1945. The wave of pine leaves when the wind blows is the pseudonym of Gichin Funakoshi in philosophical writings and letters to students. "Kate" in Japanese means room or hall. To commemorate their teacher, Funakoshi's students created a symbol that read Shotokan and placed it above the hall where Funakoshi taught. Funakoshi Gichin never gave his school a name, he just called it "Karate".
Characteristics
Shotokan training is generally divided into three parts: basic, kata and kumite. The basic technical characteristics of the suma are the long bridge horse with powerful movements and steady steps. Designed to develop basic techniques and steps for beginners and ribbons, Shotokan is taught in a forceful rather than softer approach, and is therefore often considered a very hard and formal martial art. While those who advance to tea and black belt levels are more fluid with a combination of wrestling and some Aikido techniques, which can be found in the black belt kata. Kumite techniques reflect these steps and movements at a basic level, but those with experience will be more flexible.
Main organizations
JKA Japanese Karate Association
ITKF International Traditional Karate Federation
SKIF International Shotokan Karate Federation
ISKF International Shotokan Karate Federation
JKS Japan Karate Shoto Federation
JSKA Japan Shotokan Karate Association
KWF Karate Way World Federation League
Shotokai Shōtōkai
SKA American Shotokan Karate
Famous practitioner
Former UFC light heavyweight champion Lyoto Machida Machida is a 3rd dan Shotokan black belt, his brother Shinzo Machida is a 4th dan, and their father Yoshizo Machida is a 7th dan, and is the head of the JKA Brazil branch
Current UFC junior middle school Heavyweight champion Georges St. Pierre is a 3rd degree black belt from the American Shidokan.
Former UFC light heavyweight champion Iceman Chuck Liddell is a black belt from the American Kenpo karate.
Former UFC Light heavyweight champion Vitor Belfort recently achieved the Shotokan blue belt?
2. Gōjū-ryū
Gojū-ryū
Date of establishment: approximately 1930
Country of origin: Okinawa, Japan
Founder: Miyagi Chojun 1888-1953
Current representatives: in alphabetical order Arrangement
1. Goju-kai/Takeshi Yamaguchi founder Gogen Yamaguchi
2. International Okinawa Goju-ryu Karate Federation IOGKF/Higashionna Morio
6. Quanshikai/Tetsuhiro Somama
7. Kenshinkan/Raul にもふのぬ founder Sekirei Shiguan
8. Sudong Goju-ryu / Kanki Izumikawa.
9. Senbukan / Seiko Fukuchi and Kanki Izumikawa
10. Shobukan / Masaki Sawaki, founders Shinjo Masanobu and John Porta
11. Shodokan/Higa Seiko
12. Shoreikan/Masakichi Wataguchi
13. Weishinkan/Tomoharu Kisaki
14. Ming Martial Arts School: Yagi Akitetsu, founder Yagi Akitoku
15. Okinawa Goju-ryu Karate Association OGKK / Hichiya Yoshio founder Miyazato Eiichi
Source: Naha Tate , Shaolin Nanquan, Fujian White Crane
Development: Kyokushin
Goju-ryu is one of the main traditional karate in Okinawa, characterized by a combination of hard and soft techniques. The words "hard" and "soft" come from the famous martial arts book "Bubeishi" used by Okinawan masters in the 19th and 20th centuries. Hard means closed-hand technique and straight-line attack; soft means open-hand technique and circular movement.
Correct breathing is the key point. The training method of Goju-ryu includes body strengthening and control. It is basically close to training with partners such as fighting distance, stick fighting, power generation, etc. Goju-ryu incorporates circular and linear movements in its teachings.
Goju-ryu combines hard attacks such as kicks, closed-hand strikes and open-hand circular techniques such as offense and defense, and control of the opponent including locks, grabs, throws, and throws.
History
The history of Goju-ryu is controversial due to a lack of archives, but we can briefly summarize its origins. We know that Goju-ryu and other martial arts were modernized in Japan in a similar way, from a fighting training to a general education system. Higashi Onna Kanryo noticed this in 1905 and taught martial arts through two different methods. Depending on the students, at home, he taught Naha Hands, whose ultimate goal was to kill the enemy; at Naha Commercial High School, he taught As a master of moral, intellectual and physical education.
There are two years that determined the establishment of Goju-ryu by the Japanese: First, in 1933, Goju-ryu was officially recognized as a martial art by the Dai Nippon Budokukai in Japan, which is considered to be a contemporary martial art or It is modern martial arts. In the second year, 1998, the Dai Nippon Budokukai recognized Goju-ryu Karate as a traditional ancient martial art. The recognition of this ancient martial art shows the changing views of Japanese society on the relationship between Japan, Okinawa, and China. Before 1998, only the martial arts practiced by native Japanese samurai were considered ancient martial arts.
Modern Martial Arts
In 1933, Goju-ryu became the first karate school in Japan to be officially recognized as a martial art by the Nippon Budokai. It was also the only karate school in Okinawa and Japan at the same time. A school that represents the history of karate. This recognition allowed Goju-ryu Karate to enter modern martial arts or modern martial arts.
The most outstanding student of Higashi Onna was Miyagi Chojun 1888-1953. He studied with Higashi Onna at the age of 14. In 1915, Miyagi Chojun and a friend Wu Xiangui went to Fuzhou to look for Higashi Onna's teacher. They stayed for a year and studied with several masters, but the school of the past was gone due to the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. Not long after they returned, Higashi Onna passed away. Many of Higashi Onna's students continued to study with him, and he taught a kata learned in the Fujian White Crane Six Machinery School called Turning Palm.
The eldest student of Higashi Onna, Shigehiro Xuda, established the "Higashi On-ryu", retaining more of Higashi Onna's elements close to Naha's style.
In 1930, the All-Japan Martial Arts Demonstration was held in Tokyo. One of the other martial arts performers asked Miyagi Chojun’s best student Nirisato Nigan what kind of martial arts he practiced. After returning to Okinawa, he brought this After reporting the incident to Miyagi Chojun, he decided to name him Goju-ryu. Miyagi Chojun took it from a line in the poem "The Eight Sentences of Boxing", which roughly means "the eight rules of boxing", which is the eight precepts of martial arts. This poem is part of the Chinese martial arts and medicine classic "Wu Bei Zhi". This sentence is "Dharma is hard and soft, and the method of inhaling and exhaling is hard and soft, or everything in the universe is inhaling and exhaling, a combination of hardness and softness."
Type
1 Basic type
The basic type is the basis of the type. In Goju-ryu, the Sansen kata is the foundation for all other Goju-ryu styles, as it teaches basic movement, basic technique, breathing techniques for force generation and luck. It is also the basis of body control. The more a karateka practices this kata, the more his closed-hand kata changes. The first variation of the Three Battles type Three Battles First is considered the basic type.
2. Closed hand type
The closed hand type is also the basic type. Learn this kata after learning the basic kata, which is the foundation of the style, not just the basic moves, but the basic principles. Traditionally, the open-hand kata is taught as a second set of kata, or as a "skilled" kata to students after studying and practicing the closed-hand kata and/or the turned-hand kata.
Three-fighter type: There are two sets of three-fighters in Goju-ryu. Miyagi Chojun's Three or Three Battles First: Miyagi Chojun is most widely taught in order to create the initial and basic kata. There is no turning around in the kata, and the karateka walks forward and then retreats. Higashi Onna Kanro's Sansuke or Sansuke Second: This is the earlier complete version of the Sansuke type taught by Kanro Higashionna. In this pattern, the Karate is always forward, but there are two 180-degree turns.
. This is a combination of rigid dynamic tension accompanied by deep breathing and silky hand movements.
3 Open Hand Pattern
This is an advanced pattern based on the Closed Hand Pattern. The movements of the open hand type are intended as "reference for practical application" type and are open to multiple interpretations.
Shattering: This is the first set of advanced rigid-soft styles that students usually learn after breaking the first and second pieces in most hard-soft organizations. The first three movements are the signature of this style - the wrist-grip-throw technique. In the middle of the form is the heron adachi, or crane step, while doing both hands and front and back knee kicks.
Control and lead combat: The lead combat type shows the destruction of balance, throwing, grabbing, including the use of close combat hitting, sweeping, falling and throwing techniques.
Four-way combat: It integrates a powerful straight-line attack with palm sole thrust and circular movement and blocking. This was also Miyagi Chojun's favorite kata in his later years.
Thirty-six moves: This set teaches how to move around the enemy in close combat, while the joint kick emphasizes the damage to the enemy's flexibility.
Eighteen Hands: The Eighteen Hands type combines movement in four directions, 45° angle attack, long-distance and close combat techniques. This is also the kata that Wataguchi Masakichi is good at.
KURU Dunpo: Based on the Chinese Mantis Boxing, it is the style that Miyazato Eiichi is good at.
Thirteen Hands: The Thirteen Hands are considered to be one of the oldest kata spread among other Naha Hand schools. Other schools also practice this pattern or other versions. One Hundred and Eight Hands: Also called Hundred Steps, the highest level of Goju-ryu style. In the beginning, there were three levels of Go, Chu and Jo for Masters, later Miyagi Chojun only retained the highest Jo level. This is also the kata that Yagi Akitoku and Higashi Onna Morio are good at.
4 Popular type
In 1940, Okinawa Governor Gen Hayakawa convened a meeting consisting of Chairman Ishihara Shochoku, Miyagi Chojun, Kamiya Nishiki, Shinsato Ninasu, Miyasato Koji, and Tokuda Yasufumi. Karate Special Committee composed of , Kanemori Kaneshiro, Kyan Shinei and Shoma Nagamine. The aim of these people was to create a very basic Okinawan style of independent martial arts that could be taught in school physical education classes, rather than to create a standardized karate like Japan did to popularize kendo and judo.
This type of kata is not the traditional Goju-ryu kata, but the "promotion type". It is simple enough that it can be used as part of the school's physical education class and as part of the school's standard karate curriculum. It is different from the kind in the dojo. .
Nagamine Shoma Matsubayashi-ryu created the popular No. 1 that is now part of the Shobayashi-ryu course; Miyagi Chojun created the popular No. 2, which is now the Smashing No. 1 in the Goju-ryu course. one. Some Goju-ryu dojos still practice universal kata first. Miyagi Chojun also founded Smash Second, but only Goju-ryu and some of its derivatives are practiced.
Breaking the first:
Founded by Miyagi Nagajun in 1936, this is also the first set of hard and soft styles taught to beginners. It is called the second popular type among practitioners of Shorin Ryu.
Smash 2:
Smash 2 incorporates some softer techniques, although it is very similar to Smash 1. It includes the use of open palms and circular techniques, and is the second form taught to beginners.
5 Other Non-Traditional Goju-ryu Kata
Some Goju-ryu schools have their own additional kata that are not included in other Goju-ryu classes. Some katas are simple basic kata like the popular kata no. 1 or tai chi, and some are advanced kata like the meibukan kata. Some Goju-ryu schools from the Wataguchi Masakichi faction such as Shoreikan have additional kata, such as Geikiha 1, 2 and Hookiyu 1, 2.
Another non-traditional type is the Kurogane Shatsu iron shirt used to train physical and mental endurance.
3. Doryu
The founder of Doryu Karate is Otsuka Hironori, who was born in the 25th year of Meiji. Started learning jiu-jitsu at the age of 6. In the 9th year of Taisho, he went to Meisho Juku of Funakoshi Gichin to learn karate and Japanese Shinto yoshi-ryu jujitsu. In the 13th year of Taisho, he participated in the Ryukyu Tang surgery performance at the dance performance held at the Imperial Palace Jiningkan dojo. Otsuka Hironori performed the self-created "Tang surgery random form" restraint sparring in modern karate, as well as the "catching sword", "Capturing the Real Sword with White Blades" won praise. Dissatisfied with Mr. Funakoshi's opposition to the practice of kumite, Otsuka Hironori created "Wado-ryu" in May of Showa 8, which means to combine karate and Japanese jujitsu. This school is deeply influenced by the "Shinto Yangshin-ryu" jujitsu, among which "farewell", "flow", "press", "induction", "entering the body", "turning around", etc. are the technical characteristics of jujitsu. The most distinctive feature of Wado-ryu is the fighting technique. It is one of the very few karate styles that can reflect the characteristics of the school in fighting. Many karate fighting competition champions have appeared in this school. At the same time, this school of karate also belongs to the Shotokan system, so its routines are deeply influenced by the Shotokan style, but it also has its own characteristics.
Meiji, Nippon, Rikkyo, Nippon Dental, Tokyo Industrial, Tokyo Foreign Studies, Hokkaido, Kumamoto Industrial, Fukuoka and other university sports leagues have strong karate schools as the backbone. The current director of the All Japan Karate Federation, Arakawa Tsurugi, is one of the representatives of Wado-ryu.
4. Toryu
The founder of Itoryu, Mabun Hitoshikazu, was born in Shuri City, Ryukyu, in the 22nd year of Meiji. At the age of 13, he became the direct descendant of the famous Shuri hand master Itoshu Anheng. Disciple, when he was 20 years old, he started practicing Naha Hand under the famous Naha Hand master Higashi Onna Kanyō for 2 years. Later, he learned karate such as Matsumura School and Aragaki School, and also learned Japanese ancient martial arts equipment besides karate. Mobun Renxian came to Beijing in the third year of Showa. When he was in Japan, he had a close relationship with Miyagi Chojun and learned from each other.
In the 9th year of the Showa era, Mabun Hitoshi and Kenwa opened the Yoshukan Dojo in Osaka. They took one character at the beginning of the names of their two mentors as their names, and became Ito-ryu. The characteristics of Ito-ryu are summarized in three words: "keeping, breaking, and leaving", that is, faithfully observing the kata, then applying it and finally being independent, using this unique method to practice karate. Many Shotokan students have benefited a lot from Mobunjin.
Ito-ryu Karate attaches great importance to the cultivation of the spirit of karate. The founder, Mobun Renxian, emphasized that Ito-ryu karate is "the fist of the gentleman". Karate practice is carried out to develop a perfect personality and a noble purpose in life. Mr. Mo Wenren has a very strong memory. In order to store the kata of Okinawa, there are 47 prescribed kata in his Ito-ryu.
The representative groups of Ito-ryu include the All-Japan Karate Federation Ito-kai, the World Ito-ryu Karate Federation, the Hayashi-style Ito-ryu, the Shoikikai, the Shukokai, the Shudokai, the Sacred Heart Kai, and the Meibu Kai. wait. A world-class karate competition has been held every two years since 1989.
5. Shinkai
Kyokushinkaikan was founded by Oyama Beida in Tokyo in 1965. Daesan Beida's real name was Choi Young-ui. He was born in 1923 in Woryong-ri, Yongji-myeon, Kimjee-gun, Jinje-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea during the Japanese occupation. His father was Choi Seung-hyun and his mother was Kim Furong. He was the fourth son in a family of 6 boys and 1 girl. He first came into contact with martial arts at the age of 9 on his sister's farm in Manchuria. In 1938, 15-year-old Dashan went to Japan with his brother and applied for the Air Force School. Later, he studied Shotokan Karate with Funakoshi Yoshihiro and obtained his second degree black belt. After studying judo for 4 years, he became a 3rd degree black belt.
After the end of World War II. Oyama learned karate from Goju-ryu So Neiju, who was famous for his amazing strength and spiritual will, and had a profound influence on the young Oyama Beida. He encouraged Dashan to devote his life to martial arts, and suggested that he leave civilized human society to practice physical and spiritual seclusion.
At this time, Dashan came into contact with the book "Miyamoto Musashi" written by Eiji Yoshikawa. From the book, he learned the spirit of Bushido of the sword master Miyamoto Musashi. Since then, this book has become his spiritual mentor.
In 1947, Oyama Beida participated in a karate competition organized by a certain organization. Although he won the championship, he deeply realized that karate competitions could not best train actual fighting abilities. After the war, he worked as a bartender and often attacked American soldiers and was wanted by the military police. This time, he chose Mount Kiyosumi in Chiba Prefecture as his refuge. For this fanatical practice, he practiced twelve hours a day. He practiced constantly under the cold waterfall every day, broke stones with his bare hands, used tree trunks as punches and kicks, and performed exercises on thorny plants. Hundreds of jumps and more. In the evening, Dashan will practice spiritual training through meditation and meditation. After eighteen months of arduous training, and with his friends and wife refusing to provide him with food, Dashan finally returned to civilized human society. At this time, he felt that he had been reborn and it was time to show off his talents.
In order to test his own strength and promote the practical karate he advocated, Dashan started fighting fifty-two bulls in 1950. As a result, three died on the spot, and the horns of forty-nine bulls were cut. He chopped it off with his bare hands using a karate hand knife. In 1952, since Oyama Beida could not support himself in China, he traveled to many places in the United States to publicly demonstrate the martial arts he advocated. During this period, he defeated all 270 opponents, most of whom he won with "one-hit kill" moves. Each matchup was decided within three minutes. Someone commented on the power of Dashan Beida: "In a duel, when he approaches you, you are finished. No one can resist his attack. If you use your arm to resist his punch, your arm will be broken, but if you If you don't resist, the bones or ribs in your body will be broken." It is said that he can twist ten-dollar coins with his thumb and index finger, and can even break the necks of fourteen bottles of whiskey with his bare hands. Because of Oyama Beda's amazing strength and skills, people have called him the "Magic Hand" ever since.
In 1953, Oyama Beida established his first "Oyama Dojo" in Tokyo. He was at his peak at this time. He combined different martial arts schools to learn from each other's strengths and integrated them into the actual combat karate he advocated. In addition, he trained his students very strictly, laying the foundation of Kyokushin Karate. In 1957, the first "Big Mountain" dojo was established in Hawaii by Bobby Lowe Teachers College. Bobby Lowe loved martial arts. He received Chinese martial arts training from his instructor father since he was a child. At the age of 23, he was already a fourth-degree black belt in Judo, a second-degree black belt in Kendo, and a first-degree black belt in Aikido. Such a master of martial arts was also amazed by Oyama's amazing strength and skills during a karate demonstration in Hawaii in 1952. He immediately met Oyama, became his teacher, and followed him in his studies. And Bobby Lowe also became the first "internal disciple" of Ji Zhen Guild Hall. This is where the tradition of "like a lion" comes from. Every year, Ji Zhen Hall selects a small number of elites to undergo 100 days of rigorous training.
The Kyokushinkai’s world headquarters was established in 1963. It was officially opened in Tokyo in 1965. And named it "Kyokushin", the full name is "International Karate Federation, Kyokushin Kaikan". Since 1969, it has hosted the All-Japan Karate Competition every year and the World Karate Competition every four years. It has never stopped and has been hosted by the National Karate Competition. The contact game is famous all over the world. Also because of Kyokushin Karate's rigorous training, unremitting efforts, and indomitable fighting spirit. Ling Ji Zhen has been recognized by the global martial arts community. In just over thirty years, Ji Zhen Kaikan has established branches in more than 120 countries around the world, with more than 12 million students, making it one of the largest martial arts organizations in the world.