Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong were the fourth, fifth and sixth emperors of the Qing Dynasty respectively. On the surface, the three of them were related by grandfather, father and son.
Kangxi:
Named Aixinjueluo Xuanye, the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi's eleventh son Yongzheng, Qianlong was Kangxi's grandson.
Yongzheng:
Named Aixinjueluo Yinzhen, the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng was the eleventh son of Kangxi, and Yongzheng's fifth son was Qianlong.
Qianlong:
Named Aixinjueluo. Hongli, the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong is the grandson of Kangxi, and Qianlong is the son of Yongzheng.
The order of emperors in the Qing Dynasty:
The emperor of the Qing Dynasty went through twelve emperors and ruled the country for 268 years. The two emperors before entering the customs were Nurhachi and Huang Taiji. The ten emperors who entered the Pass were Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong.
Nurhachi.
Aixinjueluo Nurhachi (February 21, 1559 - September 30, 1626) was the founder of the Manchu Dynasty. In 1616, Nurhachi was proclaimed in Hetuala "the wise khan who brought up all the nations", the country was named "Dajin" (historically known as Houjin), and the founding of the Yuan Dynasty was "the destiny of heaven". The ancients believed that the power of kings was divinely delegated, and rulers claimed to receive orders from heaven, so they called them the mandate of heaven. Nurhachi knew Chinese and was once named General Dragon and Tiger by the Ming Dynasty. The word "mandate of destiny" shows that Nurhaci was deeply influenced by Chinese culture. After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, he was revered as Emperor Taizu Gao. Temple name: Taizu, posthumous title: Chengtian, Guangyun, Shengde, Shengong, Zhaoji, Jili, Ren Xiaorui, Wu Duanyi, Qin'an, Hongwen, Dingye Gao. Buried in Shenyang Fuling (now Shenyang Dongling).
Huang Taiji.
Aixinjueluo Huang Taiji (November 28, 1592 - September 21, 1643) was the eighth son of Nurhachi. He ascended the throne in 1626 and changed his country name to Jin in 1636. "Qing" refers to the emperor, whose reign titles are Tiancong and Chongde. Huang Taiji realized that the Hou Jin regime was defeated on horseback. To achieve long-term peace and stability and further expand the territory, the excellent culture of the Han nation must be absorbed. "Chongde" means "advocating morality", which reflects Huang Taiji's political philosophy at that time. Temple name: Taizong, posthumous title: Yingtian, Xingguo, Hongde, Zhangwu, Kuan, Wenren, Shengrui, Filial piety, Minzhao, Dinglongdaoxiangongwen emperor. Buried in Zhaoling, Shengjing (Shenyang).
Shunzhi.
Aixinjueluo Fulin (March 15, 1638 - December 5, 1666) was the ninth son of Huang Taiji. During his reign, the Qing people realized their wish to conquer the Central Plains. "Shunzhi" is his reign name. Emperor Shunzhi ascended the throne in the eighth year of Chongde (1643), and the next year he was changed to Shunzhi. The era name "Shunzhi" reflects this ideal of the Qing people. Shun, go smoothly; govern, manage. Shunzhi means "smooth governance and the unification of China". Temple name: Shizu. The posthumous title is: Emperor of Ti Tian Long Yun Ding Tong Jian Ji Ying Rui Qin Wen Xian Wu Dade Hong Kong Zhi Ren Chun Xiao Zhang. Buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum, Zunhua.
Kangxi.
Aixinjueluo Xuanye (May 4, 1654 - December 20, 1722) came to the throne in the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), and was changed to Kangxi next year. For the Qing people, achieving national peace and prosperity after consolidating the "kingdom" was the theme of the new era. The word "Kangxi" reflects this ideal. Kang means tranquility; Xi means prosperity. Kangxi means "all people are happy and peaceful, and the world is prosperous". He ascended the throne at the age of 8 and took charge at the age of 14. Reigning for 61 years, he is the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history. He was the defender of China's unified multi-ethnic country, laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty, and created the prosperous era of Kangxi and Qianlong. Temple name: Holy Ancestor, posthumous title: Hetian Hongyun, civil and military, Ruizhe, courteous, frugal, generous, filial, honest, meritorious, and Dachengren Emperor. Buried in Jingling Mausoleum, Zunhua.
Yongzheng.
Aixinjueluo Yinzhen (yìn zhēn, 1678-1735) succeeded to the throne with the help of powerful ministers. In the process of seizing the throne, he used cruel means and participated in the seizing of the throne. Many of his brothers died badly, and many of Emperor Kangxi's close associates were denounced. Therefore, the legitimacy of Emperor Yongzheng's throne was doubted at that time. He wanted to emphasize the "legitimacy" of his throne. On August 29, 2013, the "Kangxi Edict" was displayed for the first time in the new Liaoning Provincial Archives. It read: "The fourth son of Prince Yong, Yinzhen, was born." If you are of high quality and deeply respected by me, you will definitely be able to inherit the throne. If you succeed me to the throne, you will become the emperor, and you will obey the laws and uniforms.
On the twenty-seventh day, the medicine was released and announced, both at home and abroad, and the Xian envoys heard about it. "Temple name: Sejong, posthumous title: Jingtian, Changyun, Jianzhong, civil, military, wise, tolerant, trustworthy, persuasive, holy, filial, and sincere. Emperor. Buried in Tailing in Xiling (Yixian).
Qianlong.
Aixinjueluo Hongli (1711-1799) ascended the throne in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), and changed to Qianlong next year. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty began to enter a peaceful and prosperous era, and the rule of Emperor Qianlong was further consolidated. The mission is to further enhance the national power and bring the country into its heyday. "Qian" means "Heaven", and "Qianlong" means "Heaven's Prosperity". This also reflects Qianlong's ideal of governing the country. , posthumous title: Emperor Fa Tian Long Yun Zhi Cheng Xian Jue Ti Yuan Fu Wen Fen Wu Qin Ming Xiao Ci Sheng Chun.
Jiaqing. Xinjueluo Yongyan (yóngyǎn, November 13, 1760 - September 2, 1820) was named Prince Jia in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1789), and was enthroned as emperor in the sixty-fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1795). The prince ascended the throne the following year and was renamed Jiaqing. "Jiaqing" means "Prince Jia ascends the throne, the country is peaceful and the people are peaceful, and the whole world celebrates". Temple name: Renzong, posthumous name: Sui You Chongwen Jing Wu Guangyu is filial, diligent and thrifty. Emperor Duanmin Yingzherui was buried in Changling, Xiling.
Aixinjueluo Minning (1782-1850). He was named Prince Zhi in 1813 and ascended the throne in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820). He was the only emperor in the Qing Dynasty who inherited the throne as the eldest son. The next year, the name was changed to "Daoguang", which means "the glory of the avenue". Xuanzong. Posthumous title: Xietianfu Li Zhongzhi Zhiwenshengwu Zhiyong benevolent thrifty filial piety Kuan was buried in Xianfeng. ·Yiqin (zhǔ) (July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861), came to the throne in the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), and changed the name to "Xianfeng" next year. Xian means common; Feng means rich. It means "the world is well clothed and well fed". Emperor Xianfeng was a "hard-luck emperor". The word "Xianfeng" reflects the desire for the well-being of the people. Temple name: Wenzong, posthumous name: Xie Tianyi Yunzhi Chuimomaode. Emperor Zhenwu, Xiaoyuan, Gongduanren, Kuanmin, Zhuangjianxian, was buried in Dingling of Dongling.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Zaichun (1856-1875). He was only 5 years old when he came to the throne. According to Emperor Xianfeng's order, Sushun and other eight ministers assisted in the government. Cixi and Prince Gong Yi? launched a coup and arrested Sushun and other eight ministers. After the coup, Ci'an and Empress Cixi (Emperor Xianfeng). ) to listen to the affairs behind the curtain. He also canceled the title of "Qixiang" and replaced it with "Tongzhi", implying that the queen mother of the two palaces and the ministers were in charge of the affairs of the state. Temple name: Mu Zong. Emperor Dinggong, Zhicheng, Filial Piety, Min Gong and Ming Suyi were buried in Huiling, Changrui Mountain, Hebei Province.
Aixinjueluo Zaiyan (1871). August 14, 1908 - November 14, 1908), he ascended the throne in the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874). The next year it was changed to "Guangxu", and the two empresses "Ci'an" and "Cixi" listened behind the curtain. Guang means glory; Xu means unfinished work. "Guangxu" means "Guangda's unfinished achievements". The reign name "Guangxu" reflects the Qing government's desire to revitalize its national power. Temple name: Dezong, posthumous title: Emperor Tongtian Chongyun, Dazhong, Zhongzhong, Wenweiwu, Renxiao, Wiseness, Dignity, thrift, Kuanqinjing. Buried in Chongling of Xiling.
Xuan Tong.
Aixinjueluo Puyi (February 7, 1906-October 17, 1967), in October of the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), because Emperor Guangxu had no heirs, it was agreed to establish three Puyi became emperor at the age of 30. More than half a month later, Puyi ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony and changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Xuantong" next year. "Xuantong" means "Great Unification". The word "Xuantong" means to defend the legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty's rule. On February 12, 1912, Puyi was forced to abdicate, and the Qing Dynasty fell. In 1967, the descendants of the Aisin Gioro family in Taiwan gave Puyi the temple name "Xianzong" and the posthumous title "Emperor Pei Tian Tong Yun Fa Gu Shao Tong Cui Wen Jing Fu Kuan Rui Zheng Mu Ti Ren Li Xiaoxiang". Officials on both sides of the Taiwan Strait do not recognize the temple names and posthumous titles given. The unified titles in historians are Xuantong Emperor, Qing Deposed Emperor, Last Emperor, and Xun Emperor.
Achievements of the Qing Emperor:
Nurhachi.
Nurhachi Tianming Khan Aixinjueluo Nurhachi (1559-1626), Jurchen tribe, founder of the Later Jin regime. In the first month of the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1616), he was called "the wise Khan of all nations" in Hetuala, and his reign was named Tianming. Reigned for 11 years. Nurhachi complied with the trend of historical development and completed the great cause of unifying the various Jurchen tribes. He played a positive role in the formation of the later Manchu ethnic minority, in strengthening economic and cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups, and in promoting the economic development of Liaodong.
Huang Taiji.
Tiancong Khan Aixinjueluo Huang Taiji (1592-1643), the eighth son of Nurhaci, was a Manchu. In September of the eleventh year of Tianming (1626), Jin Khan succeeded to the throne, and the following year was regarded as the first year of Tiancong. In April of the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shenyang, founded the country as Qing Dynasty, changed the reign name to Chongde, and regarded this year as the first year of Chongde. He reigned for 17 years. During his reign, he paid attention to developing production, increasing military strength, constantly fighting against the Ming Dynasty, determining the name of the Manchu clan, and establishing the Qing Dynasty, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the Qing Dynasty and the subsequent unification of China.
Emperor Shunzhi.
Aixinjueluo Fulin (March 15, 1638 - February 5, 1661), the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the first emperor since the Qing army entered the customs. The era name is "Shunzhi". He was born in Shengjing on the 30th day of the first lunar month of the third year of Chongde (1638) in Xushi. He was the ninth son of Aixinjueluo Huang Taiji, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty. His mother was Empress Xiaozhuangwen. He reigned for 18 years (1643-1661). ). In the seventh year of Shunzhi, his uncle, the regent Dorgon, passed away. Soon the 14-year-old Emperor Shunzhi began to take charge of the government personally. In the first month of the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), he died in the forbidden palace at the age of 24. According to the imperial edict, he was on the third Zi Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor, was buried in the Xiaoling Mausoleum in the Qingdong Tomb in Zunhua, Hebei Province. His temple name was Shizu, and his posthumous title was: Ti Tianlong Yun Ding Tong Jian Ji Ying Rui Qin Wen Xian Wu Dade Hong Kong Zhi Ren Chun Xiao Zhang Emperor.
Emperor Kangxi.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Xuanye (1654--1722), Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, was the third son of Emperor Shunzhi and the second emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the Pass. He reigned for 61 years (1661-1722) ). He put down the San Francisco rebellion, recovered Taiwan, expelled the forces of Tsarist Russia, quelled the unrest in the Mongolian and Tibetan areas, and strengthened the stability and unity of the multi-ethnic country. In terms of economic and cultural construction, Kangxi also made major achievements that had a positive impact on later generations, creating the last prosperous age of Chinese feudal society - the Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties.
Emperor Yongzheng.
Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty Aixinjueluo Yinzhen (1678-1735), the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi and the third emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. Reigned for 13 years. He vigorously attacked the opposition forces that hindered the imperial power, effectively improved the administration of officials, increased the revenue of the treasury, and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Qianlong Dynasty society.
Emperor Qianlong.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Hongli (1711-1799), Emperor Gaozong and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, was the fourth son of Emperor Yongzheng and the fourth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. He reigned for 60 years (1735). While he pushed the Kangxi and Qianlong dynasty of the Qing Dynasty to its peak, he also personally brought it to its trough. He was an important emperor who influenced China's historical process after the 18th century.
Emperor Jiaqing.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Yongyan (1760-1820), Emperor Renzong and Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty, was the fifth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and the fifteenth son of Emperor Qianlong. In September of the 60th year of Qianlong's reign (1795), he was publicly established as the crown prince. On New Year's Day of the following year, he ascended the throne by Hongli's inner Zen, so this year was the first year of Jiaqing. He was 27 years old. In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Hongli died and began to take charge personally. Reigned for 25 years. After Yong Yan came to power, he immediately eradicated the powerful officials He Shen who were corrupt, perverted the law, and benefited the country for personal gain. This made people happy, and many measures were taken to maintain the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong. However, there were many internal and external troubles, and it was difficult to return. Due to the strong power of corruption and the lack of new mechanisms, it will be difficult to escape the fate of decline.
Emperor Daoguang.
Emperor Xuanzong Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty Aisin Gioro Minning (1782-1850), the sixth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, and the second son of Emperor Jiaqing. He ascended the throne in July of the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820), and the following year was regarded as the first year of Daoguang. He was 29 years old. Reigned for 30 years. During his reign, as the national power began to decline, he vigorously advocated frugality, reformed the salt policy, partially relaxed the ban on mining, and rectified the administration of officials. However, due to endemic corruption and excessive resistance, little effect was achieved.
He initially advocated resistance to the harm of opium. However, due to his own ignorance of the current situation, the cowardice and incompetence of his main ministers, and his unstable strategy, he persecuted the main anti-smoking forces and was unable to resist the invasion of foreign powers, leading to a century-old regret.
Emperor Xianfeng.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Yiqi (1831-1861), Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty and Xianfeng, was the seventh emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the Pass and the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang. He ascended the throne in the first month of the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), and the following year was regarded as the first year of Xianfeng, when he was 20 years old. Reigned for 11 years. During his reign, the Qing Dynasty was in chaos, the treasury was empty and crises were everywhere. Less than a year after taking the throne, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rebelled in Jintian, and threatened Beijing in about three years. Emperor Xianfeng repeatedly sent troops to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and peasant uprisings in various places. As the war continued, the British and French invaders quickly captured Tianjin and Beijing. Yi Chi fled from the Old Summer Palace to the Summer Resort. Yi Xin was ordered to stay in Beijing and make peace with Britain and France. The invading army brutally burned and looted Yuanming and other gardens. As a last resort, Yi Chi signed several unequal treaties with Britain, France and other countries. Even though Yi Chi had the intention to reorganize the country, he had no power to make a comeback.
Emperor Tongzhi.
Emperor Aixinjueluo Zaichun (1856-1874), Emperor Mu Zong of the Qing Dynasty, was the eighth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. He ascended the throne at the age of 5 and became the puppet of his biological mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, who listened behind the scenes.
Emperor Guangxu.
Emperor Guangxu of Dezong of the Qing Dynasty Aixinjueluo Zaitan (1871-1908), the ninth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. The son of Prince Chun Yixuan, because of his young age, caused the Empress Dowager Cixi to listen to politics behind the curtain for the second time. During his tenure, he advocated counterattack during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 and strongly supported the reform. However, due to the failure of the reform, he was imprisoned until his death.
Emperor Xuantong.
Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty Aisin Gioro Puyi (1906-1967), the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The son of Prince Chun Zaifeng, he became emperor in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908). On February 12, 1911, he abdicated in the wave of the Revolution of 1911. After that, he lived in the palace as the emperor. On November 5, 1924, he was expelled from the palace by Feng Yuxiang.