1.
The Xihou Hominin appeared in Ruicheng County on the Yellow River in Shanxi Province 1.5 million years ago. Later, the Lantian Homo and the Lantian Homo 1 million years ago appeared 30 years ago. Thousands of years ago, the Great Lychee ape man hunted and fished on the banks of the Yellow River, lived and multiplied, and continued to work quietly for the birth of the Yellow River civilization.
The early Homo sapiens in Ding Village, Xiangfen, Shanxi 70,000 years ago, and the late Homo sapiens in Dagouwan, Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia 30,000 years ago, played the prelude to the ancient Yellow River civilization.
Microlithic cultural sites from 10,000 to 7,000 years ago, Neolithic cultural sites from 7,000 to 3,700 years ago, bronze cultural sites from 3,700 to 2,700 years ago, and iron cultural sites that appeared in 770 BC are almost all All over the Yellow River Basin. Since the Mesolithic Age, the Yellow River Basin has become the development center of ancient Chinese culture. Suiren, Fuxi, and Shennong invented artificial fire technology, primitive animal husbandry, and primitive agriculture. They kicked off the development of the Yellow River civilization.
2.
Legends about the Yellow River
1- Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. Like a grinning monster, roaring day and night, devouring thousands of hectares of fertile land. With millions of mountains gnawing at them, the Hui Han people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a life of slash-and-burn farming on the tops of the mountains and at the bottom of the ditches. At that time, Ningxia was no longer a flat plain, but had overlapping green hills and crisscrossing ravines. There was no flat field, and no field could be irrigated with the water of the Yellow River. Legend has it that there are several households of Hui and Han people living on Niushou Mountain. Their elders carry water at the bottom of the mountain and farm on the top of the mountain. The old and the young are busy all the time, but they don't have enough to eat and don't have enough clothes to wear. No one can bear this torture for a long time. One year, an old man named De, who was over seventy years old, opened a melon orchard on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He got up early every day and went to the Yellow River to water the cucumbers. His shoulders were swollen and the soles of his feet were peeling. He carefully cultivated the cucumbers, and they grew tender and sweet. Old man De was tired that day and fell asleep lying on the garden door. As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed of a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, the white cloud turned into a white-bearded imam, shaking his silver beard, and said to Mr. De: "There are two strong winds today. You have to pay attention." A yellow wind at noon can make cucumbers wither; a black wind can make cucumbers fall off. No matter how strong the wind is, you should not pick the cucumbers when you wake up. The bearded imam saw that the yellow wind from the north was blowing all the way to Niushou Mountain. The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully and found that they were wilted one by one. He felt very sad that a year's hard work had been wasted, but when he thought about it, The white-bearded imam said that he did not move. In the afternoon, a black wind blew, shaking the mountains and causing the leaves to fall layer by layer. When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was so angry that he picked off one. The wilted and small cucumber was thrown into the Yellow River. It was like a god cutting through it with a knife, and the bottom of the river was clearly visible. When the old man swooped down, the river water roared. They got together again. The old man was tired and hungry. He was sitting on the river bank, blinking his eyes, feeling dizzy and unaware of anything. At this time, the old man De heard the white-bearded imam say, "This. Cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. It can stop the Yellow River from flowing, or it can also make the Yellow River listen to others. But now the Yellow River is tormenting the two Iblis, Huang Feng and Black Wind. You cannot be impatient, you must be patient, and you must work harder. Next year, you plant another garden of cucumbers. When the cucumbers are ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river. You could pick out the jewelry, get the grain, and have a sword that could slay dragons and demons, and tame the Yellow River. Wherever you pointed, the Yellow River water would flow. "The next year, the industrious old man from Germany planted another garden of cucumbers. He was not afraid of the long journey and did not hesitate to sweat. He carried water from the Yellow River and watered the melons. The hard work paid off, and finally, a three-foot-long cucumber was grown in the garden. The cucumber looked like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden day and night until the melon was ripe. On this day, the weather was so clear that there was no cloud at all. The old man picked the three-foot-long cucumber and read. He picked up a "Tai Simi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, he heard a roar from the Yellow River, and a long crack opened. The stones on the bottom of the river could be clearly seen. When he went down to the bottom of the river, he saw that he was leaning on the river bank. There was a cave with all kinds of pearls and agates. The old man took some and just walked out when he heard a roaring wind and waves rolling on the river, one wave higher than the other.
The old man De picked up his sword and slashed dozens of swords at the black whirlwind and yellow whirlwind left and right. After a while, the black wind and yellow wind blew out of the sky. At this time, the fractures in the Yellow River gradually closed. The old man De remembered the white-bearded imam's instructions that this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He became enlightened and thought: I will let the Yellow River fill the trenches and silt the mountain ridges. The old man held two swords and slashed down the Yellow River. The water of the Yellow River stopped flowing immediately, as if there was a Great Wall in front of it, but it was getting higher and higher. It looked really scary from a distance. Three days later, as far as Liupan Mountain in the south and Helan Mountain in the west, there was water everywhere, leaving only a few mountain peaks. Only then did the old man De draw his sword and let the water of the Yellow River flow forward. From then on, the mountains and deep ravines in Ningxia became flat and smooth. The Hui Han people living on both sides of the Yellow River relied on their hard-working hands to dig canals and cultivate fields, and lived a happy life.
2-Myths and legends: When Dayu governed the Yellow River, he had three treasures, one was a river map; the other was a mountain-opening ax; and the third was a water-avoiding sword. Legend has it that the River Map was given to Dayu by He Bo, the god of water in the Yellow River. In ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi in Tong Township, Huayin. He was restless in farming and wanted to become an immortal. He heard that if a person drinks the juice of daffodils for a hundred days, he can transform into a fairy body. So I looked for daffodils everywhere. Before Dayu regulated the Yellow River, the Yellow River had no fixed channel and flowed everywhere, often causing disasters. The ground is full of streams, ditches and forks, all filled with Yellow River water. Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, often crossing, crossing, and crossing the Yellow River, and often dealing with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days later, he found a daffodil and sucked its juice for a day, and he became an immortal. Feng Yi was very proud and crossed the Yellow River to a small village to find daffodils. The water here was not deep, so Feng Yi waded across the river. When he reached the middle of the river, the water suddenly rose. He panicked, slipped, fell into the Yellow River, and drowned alive. After Feng Yi died, he was full of grievances and resentments. He hated the Yellow River with gnashing of teeth, and went to the Jade Emperor to complain about the Yellow River's condition. The Jade Emperor was also very angry when he heard that no one was controlling the Yellow River, and it was flowing wildly everywhere, endangering the people. Seeing that Feng Yi had sucked the juice of the ninety-nine-day narcissus flower and was about to become an immortal, he asked Feng Yi if he would like to become the Yellow River Water God and regulate the Yellow River. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of agreement. This way, he can fulfill his wish to become an immortal, and secondly, he can avenge himself for being drowned. Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was known as He Bo. He had never had to control floods before, so he suddenly took on the task of regulating the Yellow River. He was helpless and worried. What to do? Since I was not very knowledgeable and had no magical skills, I had no choice but to ask the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him that in order to manage the Yellow River well, we must first understand the water conditions of the Yellow River and draw a river map. With the water conditions and river map of the Yellow River as a basis, it will be much easier to manage the Yellow River. Hebo followed the Jade Emperor's instructions and wanted to draw a map of the river. He first went to his hometown and wanted to ask the villagers for help. The villagers all hated him for being idle and indolent, and no one paid him any attention. He went to the old man in the village and told him about his ambition to control the Yellow River. Later, when the old man saw that he had become an immortal and wanted to do something good for the people, he agreed to help him. From then on, Hebo and Hou Laohan traveled through mountains and rivers in all weathers to observe the water conditions of the Yellow River. The two of them ran away for several years, which finally made the old man sick from exhaustion. Later, the old man had no choice but to go back, leaving He Bo to continue observing the water conditions along the Yellow River. When we parted, the old man Hou repeatedly told He Bo that he should work hard to the end and not give up halfway. He would start regulating the Yellow River after drawing the map. There were not enough manpower, so he persuaded the villagers to help. Checking water conditions and drawing river maps is a hard job. By the time He Bo finished drawing the river, he was already old and weak. He Bo looked at the river map and clearly drew where the Yellow River is deep and where it is shallow; where it is easy to break the embankment and where it is easy to burst; where it should be dug and where it should be blocked; where the water can be cut off and where the flood can be drained. I can only lament that I don’t have the strength to regulate the Yellow River according to the plan, which is very sad. He Bo thought that one day there would be a capable person to manage the Yellow River. At that time, granting him the river map would mean that he had not worried in vain. From then on, He Bo spent his remaining years peacefully under the Yellow River and never appeared again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River continued to rise and flooded frequently. The people knew that the Jade Emperor sent He Bo to control the water, but they did not see his face. They all scolded He Bo for not fulfilling his duties and not caring about the lives of the people. Later, the old man looked forward to Hebo every day in his hospital bed, and they didn't see him for several years. He was worried about the management of the Yellow River and wanted to find He Bo. His son's name was Yi, and he was a master of archery. No matter what the old man said, Yi would not let him go to He Bo. Later, the old man refused to listen to his son's dissuasion. As a result, he encountered a burst in the Yellow River and was washed away and drowned. Even his body was not found. Hou Yi hated He Bo very much and said through gritted teeth that he would shoot He Bo to death sooner or later. Later, when Dayu came out to control the floods, Hebo decided to give him the map of the Yellow River.
On this day, Hebo heard that Dayu came to the Yellow River with a mountain-opening ax and a water-avoiding sword, so he came out from the bottom of the water with the Hetu to look for Dayu. He Bo and Dayu had never met before, and they did not recognize each other. He Bo walked for a long time and was so tired that he wanted to take a rest when he saw a young man walking on the other side of the river. This young man was brave and majestic, he must be Dayu, so He Bo shouted and asked: "Hey, who are you?" The young man on the other side was not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up and saw an immortal old man shouting from the other side of the river, and asked, "Who are you?" He Bo said loudly, "I am He Bo. Are you Dayu?" Hou Yi heard this. It was He Bo. He suddenly became angry, sneered and said, "I am Dayu." As he spoke, he opened his bow and nocked an arrow, and without any hesitation, he shot an arrow in He Bo's left eye. He Bo pulled out the arrow and covered his eyes, sweating from the pain. He cursed in his heart: "Damn Dayu, you are so unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the angrier he became, and he went to tear up the water map. At this moment, there was a sudden shout: "He Bo! Don't tear up the picture." He Bo reluctantly looked with his right eye and saw a man wearing a bamboo hat on the other side, stopping Hou Yi. This man was Dayu. He knew that He Bo had drawn a map of the Yellow River and was about to ask He Bo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Dayu away and stretched his bow again. Dayu grabbed him tightly and told He Bo about the difficulties of drawing pictures. Hou Yi regretted his rashness and shot He Bo out of his left eye. Hou Yi waded across the river with Dayu. Hou Yi admitted his fault to He Bo. He Bo knew that Hou Yi was the son of Hou Laohan, so he didn't blame him much. Dayu said to He Bo: "I am Dayu, and I have come to you specifically to ask for advice on how to regulate the Yellow River." He Bo said: "My hard work and methods of regulating the river are all on this map, and I will teach it to you now. " When Dayu showed the map, he saw that the map was densely packed with circles, clearly depicting the water conditions of the Yellow River up and down, left and right. Dayu was very happy. He wanted to thank He Bo, but when he raised his head, He Bo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared. Dayu obtained a map of the water conditions of the Yellow River. He worked day and night and based on the instructions on the map, he finally controlled the Yellow River.
3.
Poems about the Yellow River
If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River will come up from the sky and rush to the sea never to return.
—Li Bai's "About to Enter the Wine"
The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting over the long river.
—Wang Wei's "Envoy to the Fortress"
Thirty thousand miles of river flows eastward into the sea, and five thousand miles of mountains reach the sky.
—Lu You "Feelings of Coming Out of the Fence Gate to Welcome the Coolness at Dawn on an Autumn Night"
The sun sets over the mountains and the Yellow River flows into the sea.
—Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower"
The peaks and mountains are like clusters, the waves are like angry waves, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road inside and outside.
—Zhang Yanghao's "Sheep on the Hillside, Tong Cares about the Ancients"
Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain.
—Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci"
If you want to cross the Yellow River and the Sichuan is blocked by ice, you will have to climb the snow-covered mountains of Taihang.
—Li Bai's "The Road Is Difficult, Part One"
The sun is shining over the mountains, and the Yellow River flows into the sea. If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to the next level.
—Wang Zhihuan "Climbing the Stork Tower"
Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain. Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
—"Liangzhou Ci" Wang Zhihuan
The Haixi Army on the north bank of the Yellow River, the drums ringing and the bells are heard all over the world. The iron horses are roaring endlessly, and the barbarians are moving in groups with their high noses.
—"Two Poems on the Yellow River" by Du Fu
Bowang is buried and can no longer spin, and the Yellow River is still empty. Along the stream, people wanted to read the Cowherd's words, but they had no choice but to send the coffin to heaven.
"An Epic Ode to the Yellow River" by Hu Zeng
People come and go on the river, but they love the beauty of the sea bass. You look at a boat, floating in and out of the storm.
Fisherman on the River——Fan Zhongyan
Three or two branches of peach blossoms outside the bamboo are a prophet of the warmth of the spring river. The ground is covered with wormwood and reed buds are short, which is when the puffer fish is about to come.
Huichong Chunjiang Xiaojing - Su Shi
Sent out the Kunlun Five-Colored River, one yellow and turbid stream ran through Zhongzhou. Thousands of miles of wind blowing in the sand, turning to the side of the house and finding nowhere to look for.
— "Yellow River" Wang Anshi
The autumn clouds in the north of the Yangtze River are half open, and the dawn clouds are rainy but lingering low. The green mountains are winding and there is no way, and suddenly I see thousands of sails looming.
On the river - Wang Anshi
The mainstay is in the middle of the river, the river in Haiyan is clear, the river is clear in Haiyan, the river and mountain are with Li, the water of the Yellow River is clear, the mountain of Li is with the river, the carp jumps over the dragon gate, and the river is clear Qing, mainstay
4.
1. Introduce market mechanism into the field of pollution prevention and control.
Through the function of the market, the original individual corporate behavior of "who pollutes will be treated" has been extended to the social division of labor and supply and demand relations under market economic conditions, forming socialized and professional environmental protection enterprises and even environmental protection industries to provide commercial services to the parties responsible for pollution. Environmental protection services, and gradually realize the marketization, socialization and enterpriseization of environmental management. At the same time, in industrial parks where companies are relatively concentrated, multiple companies are encouraged to build pollution treatment facilities for shared use and professional operation of pollution control facilities, improve the treatment efficiency of pollution control facilities, reduce pollution control costs, and gradually solve the common investment problems The problem is that environmental protection facilities built with a large amount of money cannot be fully utilized.
2. Establish a new river management concept of “maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River”. The first is to delineate the Yellow River water functional zone, and propose the total amount of pollutants that each province (region) is allowed to discharge into the Yellow River based on the amount of water resources in the Yellow River and the pollution-bearing capacity of the water flow, and implement the administrative head responsibility system for inter-provincial (regional) water quality; The first is to control pollution in accordance with the law. The corresponding punishment measures for excessive water pollution should be clarified in relevant laws and regulations. Provinces (regions) with excessive pollution should stop approving new water resource utilization projects. The third is to establish and improve the joint pollution control mechanism of water conservancy and environmental protection. We will act in a unified manner to monitor, supervise and handle water pollution emergencies and unite in pollution control.
3. The state should further intensify its efforts to promote green GDP and include environmental protection work in the performance evaluation of local party and government leaders.
4. The environmental protection system needs to be further streamlined and vertical management implemented to break away from local restrictions.
5. Give environmental protection departments greater law enforcement powers. Such as the intensity of penalties and the closure of polluting enterprises.
6. The demonstration of new local projects must have scientific decision-making procedures and the participation of environmental protection departments. For new projects, if a major pollution incident occurs, a post-decision-making accountability system will be implemented to strengthen the local "top leaders" Consciousness and responsibility for the supervision and management of Yellow River pollution.
7. On the basis of an effective monitoring network, we should explore the establishment of a compensation system for pollution discharge areas to make those who over-occupy resources pay their due price. The method of "pollution charges" can be used to provide compensation to the downstream if the water quality of the river section does not meet the standards, forcing the governments along the Yellow River to increase the control of pollution in the region.