Speaking of Zhongguancun, the core of Beijing High-tech Industrial Park, everyone knows it. However, if you ask about its historical origin and origin, even the old residents of old Beijing and even Zhongguancun can't tell you why. In all kinds of information about Zhongguancun, almost no one talked about its past. What is Zhongguancun like in history? Where is the original site of Zhongguancun? Teacher Yue Shengyang from the School of Environment of our school put forward her own views.
Haidian Town, where Zhongguancun is located, has been the largest market town in the northwest suburb of Beijing since ancient times. As a place name, "Haidian" was first recorded in Wang Yun's Chronicle of the Main Hall in Yuan Dynasty. Before the Yuan Dynasty, Haidian Town was still a natural swamp, so it was called "Haidian". There were no big residential areas at that time. By the middle of Qing Dynasty, the construction of "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" promoted the gradual prosperity of Haidian Town. Zhongguancun is located in Haidian Town.
As a place name, the names of Zhongguancun are quite confusing in history, which can be found in both words and maps, including Guanzhong, Guanzhong, Zhongwan, Guanzhong Village and Guanzhong II. According to teacher Yue Shengyang's detailed textual research, "middle official" may be the earliest of these titles. Which title is Zhongguancun?
On the map of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, we began to see the annotation of Zhongguancun today. At that time, "Zhongguan Land" was a cropland with some graves scattered in the middle and 20 families scattered around. The geographical location is probably from the west side of Lanqiying to the east gate of Peking University, and from north to south to the Fourth Ring Road.
On the map of Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China 19 14, the place name "Guanzhong" appeared without the word "village", and some maps called it "Zhongwan" and "Guanzhong". The shrewd old man Jin Xunzu participated in the construction and mapping of Yuanmingyuan, and mentioned the word "Guanzhong" in his book "The System of Talented Villages". After liberation, the name "Zhongguancun" first appeared on 1950 new Beijing map, and the name "Guanzhong Village" appeared on1951:10000 map.
People have different views on various appellations. Some people interpret the word "Guanzhong" as: When Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her birthday, she ordered to build a city gate here to celebrate her birthday, hence the name. However, this statement is obviously not credible. Anyone with a little knowledge of history knows that the birthday route was stipulated by the imperial court at that time, and it is not allowed to build city gates in other places. And at that time, there were only field paths in this area, so there was nothing to talk about.
As for the theory of "Zhongwan", some people think it is a homonym of "Guanzhong", and Yue Shengyang thinks it is right. Regarding the "Middle Bay", there is indeed a ditch. On the north side of today's Hailong Computer City, there is a north-south ditch that extends all the way to the first floor of Yifu, turns northeast, passes through the south side of Xinhua Teaching Building, and flows into Tsinghua School River in front of Tsinghua No.2 School Gate. This ditch runs north and south, turns northeast at the upper part of the river, and is divided into upper and lower bays, also called front and rear bays. Today, there is another place called "Houwan" at the back door of Tsinghua, which can prove it. This ditch was built and dug during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty to drain stagnant water. Because there was a garrison of Yuanmingyuan in the north at that time, whenever there was a rainstorm, the rain would flow into the city, and the traces of this river could still be seen in the 1970 s.
There is also a saying that it is a "middle official." In history, the word "middle official" refers to eunuchs. In the history of Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were called "middle officials" in more than 200 places, and eunuchs were also called "internal servants", "internal officials", "internal ministers" and "husbands". Many researchers believe that Zhongguancun is called a "middle official" because of the eunuchs of the Qing Dynasty. In fact, the term "middle official" was rarely used to refer to eunuchs in the Qing Dynasty. Although there is still a eunuch tablet in Zhongguancun Hospital today, there are also many related relics around it (the nearest Qing Dynasty eunuch tomb is near the affiliated elementary school of Peking University today). However, no related eunuch remains were found in the old Zhongguancun boundary.
Nevertheless, this statement provides an angle for reasonably explaining the origin of Zhongguancun. Yue Shengyang believes that the title of "middle official" should be related to eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty, not in the Qing Dynasty. There are several possibilities: one is the eunuch's graveyard, the other is the eunuch's grange, and the third is the eunuch's temple, of which the second possibility is the greatest. In today's courtyard in the north of Peking University Physics Building, there is a temple of eunuchs offering sacrifices and a statue of eunuchs named "Gangbing". The inscription says that the temple was moved from the east (that is, near today's Lanqiying). If it is here, it is located at the border of Zhongguancun. In addition, the eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty were powerful, and most of them owned old-age manor land. So judging from their names, we can't rule out other sources.
At first, there were no natural villages in Zhongguancun. Houses are scattered between heaven and earth, and there are no main streets, mostly houses scattered in the fields. Zhongguancun was originally the name of the plot, but later people gradually became the name of the village. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, this was a natural village. It was not until 1959 that Zhongguancun police station was established and 196 1 Zhongguancun sub-district office was established that "Zhongguancun" officially entered the administrative system. Today's "Zhongguancun" is a cross-administrative policy area, and it has become a high-tech brand concept because of the establishment of "one area and five parks" in the science park.
From a few sparse families decades ago to a crowded crowd of high-rise buildings today, from a natural village in the past to a high-tech industrial park today, Zhongguancun has witnessed the changes of time and told stories to the world in the long history of more than a century. It brings the world not only a thick history, but also endless today and tomorrow.