1. Answering skills and routines
(1) It is clear that there can be n sub-arguments (supplementary and proof central arguments).
(2) Methods:
① Find the position: such as title, beginning, middle and end.
② Analyze the arguments of the article. (Can be used to test whether the expected parameters are appropriate)
(3) Extraction method (only sub-argument, no central argument)
Analyze how the argument is put forward:
(1) Put facts, reason and summarize arguments;
② Cut to the chase and put forward the central argument;
(3) Propose topics according to the phenomena existing in life, and summarize the central arguments through analysis and discussion;
(4) Narrating the author's experience and summarizing the central argument;
⑤ The author puts forward questions from the story, then gradually analyzes and infers, and finally draws a conclusion and puts forward the central argument.
2. Argument (with what evidence)
(1) Types of arguments:
(1) factual arguments (summarize after giving examples, and summarize closely with the arguments);
(2) argument (quote famous words to analyze).
(2) The arguments should be true, reliable and typical (subject matter, country, ancient and modern, etc.). ).
(3) Sequential arrangement (reference argument);
(4) judging whether the argument can prove the argument;
5] Supplementary arguments (proof arguments).
3, argument (how to prove)
(1) model law (must be four words)
(1) argument (example method) fact argument narrative.
(2) Argument (citation and reasoning) Argument discussion.
(3) Comparative argument (itself can also be an example argument and a reason argument)
(4) Metaphor argumentation metaphor is a metaphor in expository writing and a metaphor in prose.
2 Analysis and demonstration process:
(1) How the argument was put forward;
(2) How the argument is proved (which truths and facts are used, and whether there are positive and negative analysis and reasoning);
(3) Contact the structure of the full text, whether there is an abstract.
(3) Integrity of argument (A: Make the argument more comprehensive and complete, and avoid misunderstanding)
(4) The function of analysis and argumentation: to prove the argument in this paragraph.
2. Argumentative frequently asked questions and answering rules
1. What is the central point of this article? /What is the author's opinion? /What does this article tell?
Grasp from the following two aspects:
(1) positions: arguments are often put forward on these positions: ① point out the topic; ② Introduction at the beginning (case introduction/famous sentence introduction/direct introduction/quotation introduction); ③ Finally, make a summary; 4 in the middle of the article.
(2) Sentence pattern: Generally, it is a judgment sentence with a judgment sentence, which can also be converted into a judgment sentence.
2. Is the topic an argument or a topic?
If it is an argument, the answer format is: it is an argument, because it is a complete sentence and a judgment sentence, indicating the author's views on the problem.
If it is a topic, the answer format is: it is a topic, because it is not a complete sentence, (or a sentence, but a question) only puts forward the question or topic to be discussed in this paper-it does not indicate the author's attitude and viewpoint.
3. What is the function of the beginning?
Answer format: Common ones are: (1) at the beginning of famous sayings, with arguments behind them. The answer format is: (1) reasoning, derivation and proof-. If famous sayings are humorous, they should be written to attract readers' interest in reading.
(2) At the beginning of the case, the arguments follow the case. The answer format is: (1) case argument, which leads to and proves the argument of-,and (2) attracts readers' interest in reading.
(3) Metaphor begins, and arguments follow. The answer format is: (1) metaphorical argument, which vividly leads to and proves the argument, and (2) attracts readers' interest in reading.
(4) directly put forward the argument, and the answer format is: come straight to the point and directly clarify the author's argument. This situation is rare.
5] Although it is the beginning of a famous saying, an example sentence or a metaphor, it is followed by a topic, and the answer format is; (1) lead to the topic; ② Attract readers' interest in reading.
There is also a rare one at first. First, put forward one-sided or even wrong views and quote some seemingly verifiable examples or famous sayings, which are completely opposite to the central argument. The answer format is: put forward the wrong one-sided view, quote one-sided examples or famous sayings to set the goal of refuting this article, thus leading to this argument.
4. What argumentation method is used in this article/paragraph?
Thinking of answering questions: one or more of case argument, truth argument, metaphor argument and comparative argument.
5. What is the role of the Model Law?
The answer format of (1) case argument is: specifically and forcefully prove-argument, which makes the argument more convincing.
The answer format of metaphor argument is: vividly proving-,which is easy to understand and accept.
(3) The answer format of comparative argument is: comparison-and-(or comparison from both sides), highlighting the argument, which gives people a profound and vivid impression.
(4) Reasoning argument (often examining the reasoning of quoting famous aphorisms, proverbs and formula theorems), the answer format is: Prove the argument of-by quoting famous aphorisms/proverbs/formula theorems, and enhance the persuasiveness of the argument.
Note: "-argument", if you ask the function of argument method from the full text, you should write the central argument; If you ask from a certain paragraph or paragraphs, you should write a sub-argument, which is often in the first or last sentence of the paragraph.
6. What arguments are used in this article/paragraph? What's the role?
Thinking of answering questions: there are two kinds of factual argument and rational argument. Their function is proof.
7. What examples are cited in the article? What's the role?
Answer format: summarize according to the formula of who does what. Function: case demonstration and effective proof-argument.
8. Why should the article cite the author's own case?
Answer format: (1) Closes the psychological distance between the author and the reader, and makes the article feel intimate and realistic; (2) Case argumentation, specifically and forcefully proving the argument of-makes the argument more convincing. If it is the beginning, then write: (3) Lead to the argument or topic.
9. Can we get rid of the word "-"? Why?
Answer format 1: No, because (1) the word "-"means-,which limits the degree/quantity/scope/tone, which is more in line with the facts; This reflects the rigor of argumentative language. Answer format 2: ① After the words are removed, the meaning of the sentence has changed to some extent, which is inconsistent with the facts. ② Removal can't reflect the rigor of argumentative language.
10, give an example to this article/paragraph.
Answer format: According to the formula of "people/things+keywords reflecting the opinions of articles or paragraphs+specific events+results", it is best to use celebrity cases to avoid being arrogant and distorting the facts in details. Also, pay attention to the brevity of words.
1 1. Talk about the argumentation process/thinking/level of this article.
Common typical viewpoints are: (1) Proposing the-"argument; (2) Use-argument method and-argument method to prove the argument; (3) draw a conclusion.
12, talk about your experience/feeling/inspiration based on the content of this article and real life.
The format of the answer is: as mentioned in the article,-(the words specified in the central argument or the sentences or questions that I feel the deepest)+in my life,-(the case phenomenon in my life)+I think,-(talk about the above two points).
13, look at the following materials, combine the original text with your own life, and talk about your findings and experiences.
Key points of problem solving: (1) Read the link materials and find out the link points with the original text;
⑵ Analyze the relationship between the materials and the original text: ① Contrast ② Analogy.
(3) Check the requirements of the topic. If there are several materials, summarize the characteristics of * * * from several materials and choose any angle. When answering questions, you should not only mention the original text, but also give consideration to the content of the materials, and also talk about your own feelings and pay attention to the word count requirements.
14. Tell me the function of a sentence in the text.
Generally, the key sentences in the structure are examined, and the answer format is as follows: (1) connecting the preceding with the following-,open the central sentence below -.2), and reveal the-viewpoint of the article. (3) Echo-sentence.
15. What does the pronoun XXX refer to?
Thinking of answering questions: (1) generally look for the front of a sentence, which is often a part of the previous sentence or that sentence. (2) After finding it, read it out in the sentence where the pronoun is located and check whether it is appropriate.
16. What is the point of this article? What is the relationship between them?
Thinking of answering questions: Sub-arguments are generally the first sentence of the argumentation part and the last sentence of the paragraph, sometimes independently divided into paragraphs.
The relationship between them is generally parallel and progressive.
17, the language style of this article is rigorous/vivid. Please make a brief analysis in one sentence.
The strict answer format is as follows: (1) The word "so-and-so" in this sentence has the meaning of "-",which is limited in degree/quantity/scope/tone and conforms to the facts; ⑵ It reflects the rigor of argumentative language.
The vivid answer format is: the so-and-so word in this sentence uses so-and-so rhetoric (or spoken language), which is vivid and easy to understand, and (humor) enhances the literariness and interest of the argumentative paper.
18, the last paragraph can't prove the argument, can it be deleted? Why? /the last paragraph can't prove the argument, what is the role in the text?
Answer format: No, because (1) this paragraph clarifies the relationship between-word (mostly the key word in the central argument) and-word (the key word in the last paragraph) to avoid misunderstanding by readers; (2) It embodies the rigor of argument.
19, what is the function of description in argumentative writing?
Answer format: (1)- description, description-person-image/quality, etc. , enhancing the authenticity of the case; (2) Give examples to prove the argument concretely and forcefully; (3) Enhance the literariness and interest of argumentative papers.
20. Talk about the argument structure of this article/this paragraph/some paragraphs, and make a brief analysis. Answer format: total score or sub-total score or total score. The total score analysis is: (1) Propose-or use-lead-out arguments; (2) Use-argument method and-argument method to prove the argument; (3) draw a conclusion. The total score analysis is only (1)(2), and the total score analysis is only (2)(3).
2 1. Tell me about the differences between the examples cited in this article/this paragraph/some paragraphs.
Answer format:-This is a positive argument,-This is a negative argument.
22. Express opinions, opinions and opinions on the viewpoints and materials in the text in combination with the actual life, or put forward opinions different from the arguments in the text according to the topics in the text, and state the reasons.
Thinking of answering questions: (1) first put forward arguments and pay attention to the use of judgment sentences; (2) Re-demonstration, it is best to demonstrate with examples.
23. Draw up a title for this article according to the full text.
Thinking: (1) From the point of view of the topic, you can use the format of "on-", "on-" or "on-"; (2) From the argument point of view, the formats of "-is-"and "-should-"can be used.
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