In the era of the development of human science and technology, people are no longer satisfied with the three fields of land, sea and air, and then look to the vas
In the era of the development of human science and technology, people are no longer satisfied with the three fields of land, sea and air, and then look to the vast universe, so the aerospace industry came into being. Because of the fragility of human physiological structure and the particularity of space environment, it is difficult for us to explore in space at will, but in order to pursue the stars and the sea, we humans invented all kinds of space probes with wisdom, launched them into the universe, and used their eyes to spy out the mystery and vastness of the universe.
1977, the Voyager 1 probe launched by the United States opened our human vision for the first time, brought us to know the main planetary bodies in the solar system, and made us realize the smallness of human beings in the universe. At the same time, in order to find the next livable planet suitable for human habitation, we humans have conducted in-depth exploration and research on the major planets in the solar system, and tried to develop planetary resources while planning for the future of mankind.
However, the ideal is great, but the reality is often disappointing. Almost all the planets we can explore are barren and dead, with no signs of life. Among them, the planet like Jupiter, the human detector even just stopped to watch, not close to landing. Why?
As the fifth closest planet to the sun, the position of Muxing provides convenience for our human exploration. But in fact, people have noticed this huge planet long before people used space probes and other space means to detect it.
Because Jupiter is easy to be observed, the ancient Romans named Jupiter after Jupiter, the main god, corresponding to Zeus in Greek mythology; In ancient China, because Jupiter orbited the earth for about 12 years, twelve elements in heavenly stems and earthly branches were named as years. It was not until Sima Qian's observation in the Western Han Dynasty that it was found to be blue. According to the theory of five elements, blue is wood, so it is also called Jupiter. In Taoism, Jupiter is regarded as a lucky star. In a word, Jupiter has been an auspicious star in human eyes since ancient times.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, its mass is one thousandth of that of the sun, but it is also 2.5 times the total mass of other planets in the solar system and 1 1 times the diameter of the earth, so it belongs to the category of giant planets. Jupiter is a gaseous planet, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and its inner core may be composed of rocks and heavy metals. Due to the rapid rotation speed, Jupiter's shape was "dumped" into a slightly flat sphere, which also created the shortest planet in a day. At the same time, because of its huge size, Jupiter is often favored by meteorites and meteors, and therefore it has won the title of "the planet most hit by meteorites".
There is also a ring similar to Saturn's ring on Jupiter, but not as obvious as Saturn's ring. Jupiter's halo is extremely weak, petite and dim, almost invisible to the naked eye. It is shaped like a thin disk, 30 kilometers thick and about 9400 kilometers wide. The outer ring is obvious, while the inner ring is almost completely deep into Jupiter's atmosphere, mainly composed of some high-energy charged particles.
99% of Jupiter's upper atmosphere is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and the remaining 1% is composed of methane, water vapor and some compounds. Its special ratio of hydrogen to helium is very close to the theoretical composition of Taiyang Yuan Nebula, and its structural composition is most similar to Saturn, so it can be called a pair of "twins".
Because Jupiter's atmosphere is thick, and the temperature difference between the equator and the two layers does not exceed three degrees Celsius, there are not many north-south winds blowing on Jupiter's surface, but east-west winds are often blown, and the wind speed of east-west winds is very high, which can reach more than 100 meters per second. Therefore, colorful waves surge in the clouds in Jupiter's atmosphere, and this landscape is called "cloud belt" from the outside.
In these clouds, you can occasionally see a "red eye" shaped spot, which is a cyclone storm about tens of thousands of kilometers in size, rotating counterclockwise with a core in its center. It is speculated that its reddish color may come from red phosphorus. People usually call it the Great Red Spot, which usually lasts for several hours or even centuries. The horror is that a single big red spot can "swallow" ten earths.
Interestingly, the strange phenomenon of "diamond rain" will appear on Jupiter. The methane in Jupiter's air will produce a large amount of crystalline carbon under the action of high temperature and high pressure, causing a spectacular scene of diamond rain.
Jupiter's magnetic field is huge, its intensity is 14 times that of the earth, and it is the strongest magnetic field in the solar system except sunspots. Its magnetic field range is extremely large and its structure is very complicated. In the space millions of kilometers away from Jupiter, it is within the reach of Jupiter's magnetic field, and even its magnetic field can cover five satellites of Saturn. Because of its powerful magnetosphere and solar wind, Jupiter also has aurora, which is stronger than the aurora of the earth.
At the same time, Jupiter constantly releases twice as much energy into the universe as the sun. Therefore, it is speculated that at the early stage of Jupiter's formation, the internal gravitational potential energy was transformed into a heat source and was rushed to the surface through the convection of liquid hydrogen. At present, the temperature in the center of Jupiter is estimated to have reached 280,000 K, and with its rich hydrogen as fuel, Jupiter is likely to become the next sun.
As such a "powerful" giant planet, it naturally attracts people's curiosity and exploration. Although Jupiter has been a good image in people's minds since ancient times, the actual situation of Jupiter exploration has broken human curiosity and imagination about Jupiter.
Before the development of the space industry, people mainly used astronomical telescopes and other ground observation methods to detect and observe Jupiter, because the celestial law that Jupiter does not revolve around the earth was discovered, which laid the foundation and provided evidence for Heliocentrism's viewpoint. In addition, four satellites around Jupiter were observed, as well as the shape of Jupiter and the great red spot on its surface.
Later, with the development of human science and technology, the space industry gradually started. In 1970s, NASA launched the first Jupiter probe named "Pioneer 10". It took a year and a half for Pioneer 10 to finally reach Jupiter and send back more than 300 detailed images of Jupiter to Earth. This is the first time that humans have observed Jupiter so closely. Later, the United States launched the Pioneer 1 1 probe to a closer position to detect and understand Jupiter's magnetic field and atmospheric structure and other detailed data.
Later, with the successive explorations of Jupiter by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, more photos were sent back to Earth, and the existence of Saturn's rings was confirmed. The geological activity of volcanic eruption on Saturn's satellite was also detected, which further deepened people's understanding of Jupiter.
Until Galileo used nuclear power to fly around Jupiter for thirty-four times and worked for eight years, which deepened people's research on Jupiter's atmosphere and magnetosphere, and also found that there were more moons of Jupiter, and there might be Aral Sea under Jupiter's moons, which made great contributions to Jupiter's exploration. After completing its mission, Galileo crashed on Jupiter.
Later, in the 2 1 century, with the continuous development of space technology, in order to make a deeper study of the solar system, NASA launched the Xinjiang border project and launched a probe spacecraft named Juno to Jupiter, in order to deepen the study of Jupiter's composition, gravitational magnetic field and various possibilities of Jupiter's formation.
However, it is worth noting that in the journey of human exploration of Jupiter, from small probes to delicate and sturdy spacecraft, they just fly around Jupiter far away, never approaching Jupiter's surface like Mars exploration, or using "Jupiter cars" and "Jupiter exploration robots" to study Jupiter's surface. Why?
First of all, it is naturally impossible for people not to explore Jupiter, but at the current level of science and technology, it is really impossible to land on the surface of Jupiter for exploration. So how difficult is it to detect Jupiter?
As a gaseous planet, Jupiter's surface is composed of a thick layer of gas, and there is no place for the detector to stay. Moreover, these gases keep moving at high speed at all times under the strong gravitational magnetic field, and it is difficult to stand firm even if they stay. Jupiter's high pressure environment also compresses gas into liquid and solid layer by layer. If the detector passes through the thick gas on the surface, the liquid inside will also drown the detector. So for the detector, a gaseous planet like Jupiter has no place at all.
In addition to high pressure, Jupiter is constantly generating temperature while accepting the temperature of the sun. Therefore, Jupiter is a huge purgatory furnace, and its surface temperature is even as high as tens of thousands of degrees Celsius. All human probes will be shredded and melted by high pressure and high temperature when they approach the surface of Jupiter.
In addition, because of Jupiter's huge strong magnetic field, it also has great interference to the detector signal. The closer to Jupiter, the stronger the magnetic field interference. At the same time, Jupiter's magnetic field also carries a large number of electromagnetic waves generated by solar ions, which is very destructive to space probes.
Therefore, detecting Jupiter has a great test for the communication level and structural design of the detector. At present, science and technology are still difficult for human beings to master, and there are huge technical bottlenecks and technical challenges. Previously, sending the probe to Jupiter required huge cost and energy, not to mention sending the probe to the surface of Jupiter.
Therefore, the reason why human probes dare not approach Jupiter is precisely because its powerful magnetic field and terrible planetary environment have exceeded our human defense cognition, so our probes have never dared to look at it from a distance.
At present, the detection of gaseous planets has always been a major problem in the field of human space aerial survey, but I believe that with the gradual development of human science and technology, these difficulties will be solved. After all, the unknown is the driving force and source of people's exploration. And we humans will also deepen our understanding of the universe. At the same time, people's space exploration of the universe has also promoted the development and progress of related science and technology industries. Perhaps in the near future, a brand-new interstellar era will open, and the resources in the universe can be properly developed and applied.