In the history of western music, Haydn, as a prolific composer, completed 107 symphony, 68 string quartets, 62 piano sonatas, 45 piano trio, 14 mass, 24 operas and two plays in his life, which is the highest in the history of world music. When Haydn was born, Bach was the music director of Thomas Church in Leipzig. Beethoven had just published his famous Pastoral Symphony when he died. The whole career development time not only spanned the late Baroque to the early Romantic music school, but also experienced the peak period of Vienna classical music school, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Until the end of 18, Haydn's position and importance in the field of literature was no less than Shakespeare's.
Haydn's main achievement is the creation of symphonies. He is not the founder of the symphony. Before him, Bach, Handel and others all tried this genre. Haydn is on the basis of predecessors. A person who established norms for symphonies, so people later called him "the father of symphonies". Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, a famous composer, once said, "Haydn is an indispensable and solid link in the symphony creation chain. Without him, there would be no Mozart and Beethoven ...
On April 1732, Maria Kohler, the wife of Matthias Haydn, a wheelwright, gave birth to a son in Lauro (located in Lower Austria, near the Hungarian border). The date registered on the child's birth certificate is 1 April 6th, and he was named Franz Joseph Haydn. Joseph haydn once said to Edith, his first biographer, "I was born in April of 1 year. My father wrote this in his diary. But my brother Michael (another great composer) always said that I was born in March1year. This is because he doesn't want to say that I was born on April Fool's Day. " (It is also said that Haydn's birthday was in March 1 year, because Haydn denied that he was born in April1year all his life. It turned out that he didn't want others to say that he was a fool born on April Fool's Day. Haydn's childhood was happy. His family nicknamed him Siple. He has shown extraordinary musical talent since he was a child, especially a good voice. However, Lolo, a small place, doesn't give a gifted child any chance to learn music at all. So Haydn's father considered sending Haydn to Fort Heine, a few miles away, to study music with his cousin Frank.
Frank devoted himself to training young Haydn, taking him to all local music activities besides attending classes. During the two years with Frank, life was hard, but I gained the most. When he grew up, Haydn always thanked Frank for making him work so hard. It was not until Haydn was eight years old that St. Stephen's Church in Vienna recruited choir members. Haydn's songs moved Lloyd, the choir director, and agreed that Haydn would join the choir at the age of eight, so he had the opportunity to receive further music education.
From Lolo to Heinburg, and then from Heinburg to Vienna, little Haydn's life has undergone tremendous changes. The church's curriculum is even more rigorous than Frank's. In the case of insufficient funds, the children in the choir simply don't have enough to eat. So all members strive for the opportunity to perform abroad, because this is their only chance to have a full meal, and Haydn is no exception. However, church activities take up quite a lot of time, and the opportunity to learn music theory is limited. Although Haydn tried to compose music, the choir director was too busy to give him any advice, so he had to teach himself the musical skills of other works. However, something more painful happened. Fifteen-year-old Haydn began to change her voice, which is not surprising. But the reason that led him to leave was because he played a prank and cut his classmates' braids, so he didn't want to be beaten. In this way, 1749 1 1 month, 17-year-old Haydn was driven out of the house and began to live on the streets, penniless, and had to fend for himself from then on. Fortunately, he met someone who was willing to help him.
Haydn, whose fate was bumpy, was lucky to meet this uncle Bu in his mouth. He lent Haydn a sum of money without interest and didn't ask when he would pay it back. With this unexpected income, Haydn was finally able to rent an attic of his own, and began to actively and eagerly study music theory, bought Fowles's counterpoint, devoted himself to research, and taught students at the same time, gradually becoming famous in Vienna music circle. Because of one of his noble students, Haydn finally entered the upper class and began to write works for these performances.
Haydn used to spend eight years, barely making ends meet. But suddenly, he became famous again, and everyone invited him to be a musician or a music teacher. 1758, Haydn was recommended to Count Mohin, who loves music, and got his first long-term music position. He also works hard from morning till night and cherishes this stable job. He began to try to compose orchestral music for his orchestra. His first symphony was played in a villa in Morsin.
According to the custom at that time, the composer personally conducted the orchestra on the harpsichord. All the distinguished guests present were deeply attracted by Haydn's talent and agreed that he was a rising star in Ran Ran and appreciated his talent very much. Haydn also completed other symphonies during his employment with Count Morsin.
Haydn's performance touched the musicians of his time, so he gradually gained a place in the Vienna music circle. As her career gradually stabilized, Haydn decided to get married. It turned out that he fell in love with his student Teresa, but this love didn't work out because Teresa entered the monastery. Haydn wrote an organ concerto in C major for his bar mitzvah, solemn music, accompanying his beloved woman to dedicate her life to God.
Later, because Earl Morsin was in financial trouble, the orchestra had to be dissolved in order to cut expenses, and Haydn lost his job. Haydn, who was only 29 years old at this time, seemed to have experienced many twists and turns. After Haydn lost his job, he was transferred to the most powerful Easthaji family in Hungary as a retainer. Prince Nicholas loves music, especially Haydn's music performances. Therefore, before Haydn became a musician, he was entrusted with the important task of arranging family music activities and composing music for special occasions of Prince Mi. Haydn began a very important period in his career and music creation since he entered the family of Easthaji.
Haydn's fate has changed since he entered the Easthaji family, especially after the death of the old musician 1766, Haydn was appointed to take over. From then on, it was an epoch-making change for Haydn. One of them is that after the death of the old musician, Haydn had to take over the creation of church music, so the Catholic religious mass became another focus of Haydn's creation.
In fact, Wang Mi's life is rather monotonous. Haydn felt a little alienated from others and felt very lonely inside. But because I am emotionally isolated from others, I can devote my energy to composing music and make some unprecedented attempts. The era of Haydn's creation happened to be the "hurricane movement" in the second half of the 18th century, mainly expressing subjective feelings. Although Haydn also began to describe his inner passion in his music, it was not the influence of "Hurricane Movement". During this period, Haydn wrote many minor symphonies, but because minor was used to express very passionate or sad feelings at that time, Haydn's motivation for doing so was very intriguing. Taking Haydn's favorite symphony No.44 at that time as an example, this paper shows several important creative techniques of Haydn. For example, the opening chorus is a striking feature. An ensemble that begins with a strong rhythm can be listed as one of Haydn's characteristics. Another important method is to use counterpoint. For example, in the second movement of Symphony No.44, you can hear the form of "cannon", which not only has a beautiful melody, but also shows Haydn's delicate world. During this period, Haydn's music became more and more dramatic, and the most tragic work was Symphony No.49, Suffering. The calm adagio reminds people of the pain of bearing the cross, and a feeling of gloom can't help but arise.
After 1766, Haydn's symphonies have undergone great changes in form. Generally speaking, after Haydn was promoted to be a musician, he took up the post of composing church music, which made him re-understand the Baroque style and thus had the opportunity to compose a minor drama symphony. In addition, chamber music and piano sonatas are also important forms compared with symphonies in this period.