Su Shi was invited to work in Xining in Song Dynasty (107 1) because he disagreed with Wang Anshi's political reform. The court sent him to Hangzhou as a general, and three years later he was transferred to Mizhou as a satrap. This word was written in the winter of the seventh year of Xining (1074), and I went hunting with my colleagues.
The first film in the poem tells the story of hunting. Su Shi, at the age of 40, called himself an "old father-in-law", which was rather disconsolate. At first I said I shouldn't be crazy, but I said it myself, trying to find out the lofty sentiments of young people. The yellow dog leads with his left hand, and the goshawk carries it with his right arm. He wore a brocade hat and a mink coat. They led many followers through the hills quickly. It shows that this is a well-equipped and crowded hunting. The words and deeds of "Hu Anping Gang" go very fast, which shows that the hunters are in high spirits and full of energy. Low-level writers came out to watch the satrap hunt in return for people's connivance. He wants to shoot the tiger with a bow in front of the horse, just like Sun Quan did. Sun Lang is Sun Quan. The History of the Three Kingdoms records that during a trip, Sun Quan's mount was injured by a tiger. He calmly killed the tiger in front of the horse. After describing the mass scene of hunting to a great extent, it particularly highlights the author's arrogance when he was young.
The following films are mainly lyrical. What does it matter that the writer's chest is a little white after drinking? The author doesn't care about his aging, but more hopes that the court can reuse him and give him the opportunity to make contributions. Here, the author uses an allusion. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Feng Tang, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Shang Wei was the satrap of Yunzhong and made contributions to the fight against Xiongnu. He was convicted and dismissed only because he missed six heads when he reported his merits. Later, Emperor Wendi took Feng Tang's advice and sent Feng Tang and Jeff to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei. Here, the author uses Shang Wei as a metaphor, saying that when can the court reuse itself as it sent Feng Tang to forgive Shang Wei? Finally, the author expressed his ambition to contribute to the defense of the enemy of the country, saying that I will definitely pull the bow and shoot at Sirius in the northwest. Sirius, according to the "main invasion and plunder" contained in Jin Zhi, here refers to the Xixia army invading from the northwest. At the end of the sentence, Su Shi expressed his patriotic spirit of serving the country and caring about the destiny of the country.
This word is bold and unconstrained in theme, emotion, artistic image and language style. It is completely different from Yan Shu's Huanxisha. After writing this poem, Su Shi wrote a letter to a friend, saying that this poem "is a family although it doesn't smell like Liu Yong" (Jane), indicating that the author at that time realized that there were two different styles of ci, and Su Shi consciously created his own style in some of his own ci works.
Students can be guided to compare the differences between Yan Shu's Huanxisha and Su Shi's Jiangchengzi in subject matter, thoughts and feelings, artistic image and language style.
Two Poems by Su Shi
I. Introduction to the author
Su Shi (1037-11kloc-0/) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Jiaqing (1057), Song Shenzong was a judge in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. He was arrested and imprisoned for slandering the imperial court with poems, and was later demoted to assistant minister of Huangzhou Yingyong. During the Yuanyou period, Song Zhezong was transferred to Abbot Sheren, Zhongshu Sheren, Hanlin Bachelor Zhi Zhi, Hangzhou Well-known, Yingzhou Well-known. Soon after, he was demoted to Huizhou, Sima of Jianchang Army, and was charged with writing an article mocking the court. Later, he was demoted to another Changhua Army in Qiongzhou (now Dan County, Hainan Province) for resettlement. 1 100 was pardoned and returned to the north, and died in Changzhou the following year.
Su Shi is a rare all-round writer in the history of China. He has made outstanding achievements in poetry, ci and prose. Poetry, he is one of the four great poets in the Northern Song Dynasty; Prose, he is the leader of the "eight masters of ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties". And his most creative artistic contribution is the creation of ci. In the history of the development of Song Ci, he has the power to expand the territory.
Before him, poetry was charming and words were colorful, which became people's traditional concept in a long historical period. This concept has bound people's minds to a great extent, thinking that words should only be written about the relationship between men and women, without mercy or hatred, and should only be written in a charming and "sweet and soft" way, and that this is the authenticity of words. After Su Shi entered the field of Ci, with his outstanding talent and position and influence in the literary world, he broke the barrier that Ci is a colorful subject, and expressed all the themes and themes that poetry can express in Ci. As Liu Xizai said, Su Shi reached the level of "quite like the poem of Lao Du, with its unintentional, unspeakable" (Volume 4 of the Art Outline), which made Ci out of the trap. This has greatly expanded the expression function of words, and played the role of "all the way up, will bring new eyes and ears to the world" (Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi"). He wrote many bold words while writing traditional graceful words, and the style of bold words was initiated by him. This had a far-reaching positive impact on the prosperity of Song Ci.
Second, text analysis
(1) A gift from Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion, the head of Shuidiao.
1. Introduction of writing background
This word was written by the author when Song Shenzong Yuanfeng relegated Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) in the sixth year (1083). Kuaizai Pavilion, built on the banks of Huangzhou River in Zhang Huaimin. Huaimin word jiao (also known as dream). At that time, he was also demoted to Huangzhou, just like Su Shi. They are closely related. The author not only appreciates the beautiful scenery along the river, but also admires Zhang's tolerance. So he named the pavilion built by Zhang "Kuaizai Pavilion". His brother Su Zhe also wrote "Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion" for this pavilion. Su Zhe's prose and Su Shi's first poem can be regarded as complementary sisters.
2. Basic explanation
This word is a fusion of scenery, lyricism and discussion, which shows the author's philosophical feelings and broad mind in the face of adversity, and his integrity is full of the whole article. (main idea)
The focus of the work description is not on the Kuaizi Pavilion itself, but on the vast scene around it. The first four sentences, first, use a solid pen to describe the meeting of the river and the blue sky under the pavilion, and the sunset in the distance sets off the beautiful scenery under the pavilion. "I" sat on the pavilion, rolled up gorgeous embroidered curtains and looked at the river from the window. I saw the pavilion connected by water and sky, and the scenery was magnificent. The sentence "Know your new work for me" points out the close relationship between the owner and the owner's author, saying that I know you specially built this museum to receive me. The window of the pavilion is painted with green and red paint, and the color is still fresh.
The following five sentences, "I remember Pingshan Hall for a long time", describe the scenery in front of me through memory and association, which is written in vain. Use the word "long memory". Arousing misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, Yangzhou Pingshan Hall is lonely and beautiful, looming, vague and distant memories. So I compared the scene in this memory with the scene I see now, and they are very similar. In this way, Kuaizai Pavilion and Heping Mountain Hall are integrated. Ping Shan Tang was built by Ouyang Xiu, the author's tutor, and its scenery is "the first in Huainan" (Ye Mengde's Summer Tale). At that time, the rich cultural connotation and elegant cultural level of Pingshan Hall were recognized by intellectuals, so Pingshan Hall was used here to improve the cultural taste of Kuaizai Pavilion. The brushwork is very clever.
The following film uses the brushwork of combining reality and reality to depict the scenery under the Kuaizi Pavilion and in the distance. The first five sentences describe the sudden change, surge and opening and closing of the vast river in front of the pavilion with close-up brushwork, which gives birth to the excitement of rivers and lakes and views on life. "1000 hectares, the mirror is clean, and the blue peak is upside down", writing the vast and clear river in front of you, crystal clear, and the green peaks are reflected in the river, showing a calm and elegant landscape picture. "Suddenly, a wave rises, lifting a leaf of Chinese Pulsatilla", which is a great wind. The river changes suddenly and the waves are rough. A fisherman is driving a boat and dancing in the fierce wind and waves. It was a thrilling scene, but the fisherman was not afraid. He is used to this kind of struggle with the wind and waves, which is actually a true portrayal of the author's calm attitude towards life in the face of political disasters. Until the end of Xiao Lan Tai Gong Zi, the theme of the work was further clarified and deepened by using the allusions in Song Yu's Feng Fu. "Fengfu" said that Song Yu and others accompanied King Xiang of Chu to visit Lantai Palace, and suddenly a strong wind blew. King Xiang of Chu put on his lapel to keep out the wind, and said, "Come on, the wind! Who is evil between me and Shu Ren? " Song Yu said: "This is the only king's ear, and Shu Ren has it!" The king of Chu doesn't know what it means. Song Yu explained that the "King's Wind" passed through the beautiful garden palace, with the fragrance of flowers and plants, and then blew on the body. Therefore, this kind of wind energy can relieve alcoholism and cure diseases, "invent eyes and ears and make people better", which is called "glory". The "Shu Ren Wind" started from poor alleys and carried dirty air all the way to poor families, causing people pain, illness and fever. This is called "female wind". Obviously, Song Yu divided the style into "masculine style" and "female wind" here to satirize King Xiang of Chu. However, the author deliberately finds fault in the egg here, criticizing Song Yu, the son of Lantai, for not understanding Zhuangzi's words. In Zhuangzi's The Theory of Everything, it is believed that things are divided into natural sounds, earth sounds and human voices, and the wind belongs to "natural sounds" and is music played by nature. Isn't it ridiculous that Song Yu divides the wind into male and female? Mencius said: "I am good at cultivating my noble spirit ... it is qi, as strong as it is, and it is harmless to practice directly, so it is stuffed between heaven and earth." The author believes that with this lofty spirit, we can appreciate "the speed of a thousand miles, the speed of the wind". This shows the author's heroic mind. Both he and Zhang Huaimin have been demoted to Huangzhou, and both of them can achieve "not suffering from relegation", "not doing harm" and "being between mountains and rivers" (Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion). How broad-minded you are!
Step 3 enjoy it
(1) The whole article is permeated with an ultra-broad-minded outlook. The author was demoted to Huangzhou, which was the first time he suffered a heavy political blow on the road of life. His ideal suffered serious setbacks, his heart was very painful, and he was also very depressed politically. In the face of such a political disaster, he can take things as they are, maintain a psychological balance with wise speculation, not be negative and depressed, and only suffer from fame and fortune. But he didn't give up the pursuit of life ideal, nor was he blindly optimistic. This attitude towards life still has reference significance today.
(2) the scenery, lyricism, discussion into a furnace. Combine reality with reality, and write the immediate prospect through association, comparison and discussion. For example, the association of Pingshantang scenery in memory is used to describe the current scenery of Kuaizai Pavilion. For another example, the feelings in Song Yu's Phoenix House are compared with those in Kuaizai Pavilion. This point has been explained in detail in the above "basic interpretation" and is not redundant.
4. Relevant information
The characteristics of this poem are quite different from those of ordinary lyric poems. It embodies the characteristics of prose and discussion. Its discussion is extraordinary, which contains the exploration of life and profound philosophy. ...
(Appreciation Dictionary of Tang and Song Ci, written by Lu Yong, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1988 edition)
Second, calm the storm.
1. Introduction of writing background
This word was written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1082), which was the third year of the author's relegation to Huangzhou. It is mentioned in the "Basic Interpretation" of Water Turn around that Huangzhou was demoted, which was the first time in the author's life that he suffered a profound political blow, but he was able to treat it with a detached and broad-minded attitude.
2. Basic explanation
This word describes the prospect of the eyes, contains the things in the heart, and gives birth to a clear and profound philosophy of life from the natural phenomena that are used to it. It embodies the author's wisdom of despising disasters and being optimistic and confident.
"If you don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest, why don't you sing slowly?" The wind is strong, the rain is fierce, and the wind is whistling. Faced with such a situation, most people will panic, but the author uses the word "don't listen" to show his attitude. Never mind, relax, there are not enough foreign things. What are you nervous about? Run for what? I'm going for a leisurely walk. "Why not do it" and "chanting" vividly show the calm mentality of the lyric subject. "Bamboo shoes are lighter than horses" is beyond the broad vision. "Bamboo shoes" is a sign of frustration, poverty and meanness. Of course, riders are among the dignitaries with prosperous careers. At that time, the author was "Ying Yong's assistant", "not allowed to sign official duties" and had no real power, but he was still an "official" after all, and it was ok to get a horse to ride. But this is poetry, art, and this is to show your relegation. It goes without saying that walking with bamboo poles and sandals is easier than riding a horse, not to mention walking on the muddy ground in rainy days. But the author says "bamboo stick shoes" are much lighter than riding a horse! Behind this self-mockery, there is a profound philosophy of life. The same thing, different outlook on life, different level of understanding, the result is different. This kind of understanding is impossible without the mind of a broad-minded and detached wise man. "A misty rain will last a lifetime" points out that the wind and rain mentioned in the word refers not only to the wind and rain in nature, but also to the ups and downs in politics. The author affirms that he is fully capable and tolerant to face all kinds of political storms on the road of life. What is the political disaster we are facing now? A word "Ren" comes from a confident mind.
"The cold spring breeze woke me up, a little cold, but the mountain is inclined." The concrete implementation of the sentence "It has cleared up" in the preface is a realistic description before us, and it also implies a confident prediction of future opportunities. "Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine." Why can "I" sing and walk so leisurely when "beating leaves through the forest"? Because I have long expected that the storm will soon pass. This is my psychological experience since I entered politics. As long as it can withstand the wind and rain, there is bound to be a cool breeze and sunny days in Xu Lai. No rain or shine. Shun and reverse, poverty and friendship, in the eyes of the wise, are indifferent. Beyond, broad-minded, adaptable, but not depressed.
Step 3 enjoy it
Extract the big theme from the small theme of life. Going out to live or doing other things, getting caught in the rain on the road, are all small things that people are used to in their lives. However, the author digs out major political themes about outlook on life, world outlook, ideal future and attitude towards life in such a very ordinary little thing.
Understand the broad-minded feelings expressed by this word. Wang Guowei said: "Dongpo's words are broad, Jiaxuan's words are extravagant." (Shi Shuo Xin Yu) Extraordinary bearing runs through the whole poem. In the face of political disaster, the author can see far, let go, take his time and do everything as usual. This mental outlook of the author is fully and obviously reflected in his works.
4. Relevant information
This word is written about a small incident of rain on the road. Although it is a very common life detail, it reflects the author's cheerful side.
(Selected Poems of Song Dynasty by Hu, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1982)
Third, the [appreciation, exploration and practice] explanation
1. The first question
Proposition intention: gradually learn to analyze and evaluate the ideological content in ancient poetry.
Reference answer: See "Appreciation Point" in "Shuidiao Song Tou".
2. The second question
Proposition intention: gradually understand and apply the writing knowledge about refining the theme and seeing the big from the small.
Reference answer: See "Appreciation Point" in Ding Fengbo. The philosophy of life contained in this word is mainly: treat life with an open mind, be optimistic and confident even if you encounter great difficulties, and don't be depressed.
3. The third question
Proposition intention: to understand the main characteristics of bold and unconstrained words.
Reference answer: Unit 3 Introduction "Walking in Song Ci" points out: "Bold Ci has a wide range of themes, expresses aspirations, shows social reality, cares about the national economy and people's livelihood, has a high style, and has a generous and tragic voice, which is quite masculine." This is a summary of the characteristics of bold words. Su Shi's two poems are both works of "expressing feelings and aspirations", which are also indirectly related to social reality and the national economy and people's livelihood. The feelings expressed in these two sentences are all what he thought when he was demoted to Huangzhou, which is closely related to Wutai poetry case. Wutai poetry case was the product of fierce struggle between the old and new parties at that time. The struggle between the old and new parties, although it later included many factors of political sectarian struggle, was generally a struggle about the fate and future of the country. So these two words are very political. Judging from the artistic style and aesthetic feeling, the styles of these works are vigorous and elegant, with lofty aesthetic characteristics and masculine beauty. Judging from the life content reflected in the works, most of them involve major themes of social life. Song poems with similar styles, such as Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Eternal Joy? The textbook of this elective course, 16, "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia" and 17, "Patriotic Ci" all belong to this kind of works.
4. The fourth question
Proposition intention: through the description of behavior details, we can understand the artistic means to express the inner world of the characters.
Reference answer:
The three sentences of "leaning on a dangerous building" show the feelings of missing the person you love: "leaning" means the length of time to climb the building and stare. "Looking at the pole" refers to staring at a place for a long time. Staring at the stairs shows the lyric hero's endless yearning for his lover. He is very worried about this lovesickness and wants to find a solution, but he can't, so he looks helpless and lonely. "The breeze is fine" is what you see and feel when you lean. "Spring Sorrow" and "Dark Sky" are the feeling of "looking at the pole". At this time, the external scenery became the carrier of the lyric hero's inner feelings.
"Drunk listening to flute and drum" is the 20th anniversary, which is a sign of complacency and pride. "Drunk" means drinking because you are happy, and being drunk makes you happier. How proud I am that I can listen to music and watch cultural performances when I am drunk. "Watching the misty clouds", listening to songs while drunk, and singing poems to praise this beautiful scenery, is really romantic and elegant.
The 20th anniversary of Sleeping in the Misty Rain in the South of the Yangtze River is a reflection of leisure thought. The word "pillow" is the most vivid, which means that you are lying watching the scenery and it is a vivid portrayal of leisure. "misty rain and loneliness in the south of the Yangtze River" are all the sights you see when you rest on your pillow.
The sentence "don't listen to the forest" is a state of mind that shows safety and composure. In the face of the stormy environment of "beating leaves through the forest", the word "not listening" shows a calm psychological state. The detailed description of "chanting" and "walking slowly" reveals the calmness of "I" more profoundly.