1. Urgent request
Teaching concept There are many ways to understand the richness and breadth of Chinese culture. Go to the museum to see the actual objects and listen to the commentators’ explanations, which are intuitive and clear; open the literature and learn independently Searching is fast and comprehensive, and you can directly touch those wise souls through words, but a fatal weakness is the obstacle of words.
Many students are afraid of classical Chinese. No matter how good the content is, students will be disappointed if they cannot get into it. "Yan Zi Envoys to Chu" is the first long text that students have read since they came into contact with classical Chinese. The story in the text is quite dramatic, and there are many tricks hidden in the unfriendly dialogue between the two parties: The King of Chu heard that Yan Zi was a person who was good at rhetoric, and wanted to take the opportunity to make things difficult. He, the kings and ministers of Chu State discussed and decided to slander the people of Qi as thieves, and then slandered the people of Qi as "good thieves".
These derogations and insults were superficially meant to make things difficult for Yanzi, but in fact they were directed at Qi. Faced with the provocations of the King of Chu and his ministers, Yan Zi remained calm, alert and responsive, and skillfully defended himself.
In response to the King of Chu's slander that the Qi people were "good thieves", Yan Zi quoted the story of oranges turning into zhi, and reasoned by analogy that the Qi people did not steal in Qi, but stole when they entered Chu. Qi is caused by the social environment, which made the king of Chu "reverse the disease." Yanzi's adaptability and resourcefulness, and his fighting spirit that is not afraid of great powers or the Communist Party, still shine brightly after all these years.
Our students, in an era where society is becoming more and more open and exchanges between countries are becoming more and more frequent, pay more attention to international current affairs than their peers at any time since the founding of the People's Republic of China. With great enthusiasm and interest, looking at the witty, patriotic, and diplomatic Yanzi at this time will definitely trigger them to have a positive and healthy emotional experience, and help them establish a beautiful life ideal. Then, we use the content to ignite the spark of students' interest, and then transfer their positive psychology of eagerness to know the content to the link of clearing the text obstacles without leaving a trace, and finally conquer this long article with full interest and effortlessness. Classical Chinese.
Instructional design teaching objectives: 1. Clarify the meaning of the text and accumulate content words 2. Learn Yanzi’s spirit and wisdom of not being afraid of humiliation and outsmarting powerful enemies. Important and difficult points in teaching: 1 , a solid grasp of the text content. 2. Comprehensively understand Yunzi’s diplomatic wisdom to inspire students’ enthusiasm for learning.
Teaching arrangements: 1. Independent, cooperative learning and comparative reading to break through difficult points. 2. One class hour.
Teaching steps: 1. Introduction: Foreign language schools are the cradle of cultivating diplomats. As a foreign language school student, of course you should pay attention to the style of diplomats from ancient, modern, Chinese and foreign countries. Your favorite diplomat Who can tell me a case of successful diplomacy? (Or talk about the diplomatic case that impressed you most) (Student answer) (Teacher and students share current events: Song Meiling, who recently passed away at the age of 106, was a Chinese diplomat who was popular in the United States. In 1943, she was the His magnanimity, eloquence, and neither humbleness nor arrogance conquered the United States and Roosevelt, allowing Roosevelt to send the "Flying Tigers" to assist the Chinese people in resisting Japan, which played a certain blow to Japan.) Let us cast our sights again. The distant Spring and Autumn Period, when feudal princes were in dispute and wars were frequent.
Let’s experience the diplomatic style of Yan Ying, a famous statesman and diplomat from Qi State (blackboard writing topic). (The introduction design is based on the reality of students in foreign language schools. It can inspire students to establish beautiful dreams. It can arouse students' attention to the world by linking it with current events, and greatly mobilize students' interest in active learning.)
2 , Independent learning: Please read the text. With the help of annotations, reference books, self-reading, self-examination, and self-understanding of the meaning of the text, please circle the words that you think should be accumulated.
Please mark anything unclear? Number. (This link is designed to cultivate students’ habits of independent learning, which is the basis for cooperative learning in the next link.)
3. Cooperative learning: 1. A group of four people discuss ① their respective problems, but still cannot Those who solved the problem sent representatives to the stage to write on the blackboard. ②Each person interprets the text once and corrects each other.
2. The whole class will solve the unclear problems written on the blackboard by each group together. Student answer or teacher answer.
Tips: Teachers should consciously remind students to understand and memorize the content words that should be accumulated, such as Xi, humiliate, sit, achieve, and migrate. (This link is designed to make full use of the advantages of cooperative learning, allowing students to discuss independently and solve difficult problems with the help of reference books to the greatest extent.)
4. Please read the text for a lifetime. Other students commented and corrected his sentence fragmentation, pronunciation, tone, intonation, etc.
And take this opportunity to read the full article. (After studying the above links, the reading at this time is a high-quality recitation. This is not only a test of the above learning, but also can further consolidate the understanding of the text.)
5. Invite a classmate There is only one requirement for telling this story (name it "Yan Zi's Wise Battle with the King of Chu"): to be as faithful to the original text as possible. Student evaluation, revision.
(The design of this link is the above-mentioned general learning test. The reason why it is designed to tell stories instead of directly talking about translation is to weaken students' fear of difficulties and allow them to translate with an interested and positive attitude. Full text.) 6. Read the full text again, and complete the after-class exercises 1 and 2 to confirm your understanding of the text content.
(Make full use of the after-school exercises on design science to understand the text systematically and deeply.) 7. Extended comparison: 1. In fact, there are two more stories that happened when Yan Zi went to Chu as an envoy. These three events Putting things together, we can have a more complete appreciation of his grace as a diplomat. Chapter 261 of the seventh volume of "Chinese Reader", for teachers and students to read together.
Please refer to the comments, understand the original text, and then read the translation. 2. Judging from these two articles, how did Yan Zi deal with the repeated difficulties faced by the kings and ministers of Chu? Let's make a list and see.
The teacher gives the comparison items, and the group discussion is completed by teachers and students together. Clearly: The purpose of making things difficult for Chu King Yanzi was to set up a small gate to welcome those who teased him and made him a dog. He came in through the dog gate and treated him in a human way, so that Chu could not enter and laugh at Qi. No one said that Yan Zi was not worthy of being an envoy to Qi. How skillfully changed the topic to make the unworthy master use retreat to advance, falsely accuse Qi people of being thieves, accuse Qi people of being good at thieving, and use "turning oranges into tangerines" as a metaphor and analogy to the water and soil of Chu. The reading aspect of the book will help to fully understand Yanzi's diplomatic wisdom in the comparison, and it can also guide students to make full use of the resources of the "Reading Book" written better by the Ejiao Edition)
8. As a modern person. , as a diplomat who is determined to serve the country, we really admire this diplomat thousands of years ago. Please say a word to this ancient man: Yan Zi, I want it.
2. On the second day of the Lunar New Year, Yan Zi sent Chu Wenwen
When Yan Zi sent Chu, the Chu people thought that Yan Zi was short, and the Chu people put a small door on the side of the gate and extended it to Yan Zi. Enter through the gate; I am envoy to Chu and should not enter through this gate." The bridegroom (bīn) changed the way and entered through the gate. He saw the king of Chu. The king said: "There is no one in Qi? I am the envoy." Yanzi said to him: " Qi's Linzi (zī) three hundred villages (lǘ), Zhang Mèi (mèi) is like a cloud, sweating like rain, standing shoulder to shoulder, why is there no one? "The king said: "Then what is the envoy?" He said: "The envoys of Qi each have their own masters. The wise ones entrust the wise masters, and the unworthy envoys entrust the unfaithful masters. Infants are the most unfaithful, so it is better to send them to Chu." Yanzi sent the envoys to Chu. When the king of Chu heard this, he called his left and right and said: " "Yan Ying is a good communicator in Qi. Now that he is here, I want to humiliate him. Why?" He said to the left and right, "I'm going to ask you to tie up someone and pass by the king." The king said, "Yes?" He said, "I am from Qi." The king said, "Where are you sitting?" He said, "You are sitting on the robber." When Yanzi arrived, the king of Chu gave Yanzi wine. He was drunk (hān), and two officials tied him up (fù) to go to the king. The king said: "The one who tied him is here. What is this?" He said to him, "The people of Qi are good at stealing." The king looked at Yanzi and asked, "Are the people of Qi really good at stealing?" ) If it grows in the south of Huai (huái), it will be tangerine. If it grows in the north of Huai, it will be tangerine. The leaves are similar, but the taste is different. Why? The water and soil are different. People today do not steal when they grow up in Qi, but they steal when they go to Chu, and they get nothing from Chu. The water and soil make the people good at stealing?" Wang laughed and said: "The sage is not worthy of Xi, but the few will take the disease." 3. Urgent request
"Yan Zi's Mission to Chu" Design Thoughts "Yan Zi's Mission to Chu" is a simple classical Chinese text. Eighth-grade students already have a certain foundation in reading classical Chinese. Therefore, when studying this article, it is important to guide students to use the annotations. and reference books to understand the text, and cultivate their ability to read classical Chinese on their own.
First of all, we must pay attention to the reading of the text. Reading is divided into three steps: First, recite, pay attention to the rhythm of reading, read smoothly, solve the words, and initially understand the text content.
The second is translation and reading, mastering key classical Chinese words, sentences, translations, and retelling the text. The third is reading for taste, mainly reading by character, paying attention to the tone, reading out the emotions, and on this basis, understanding the character's image, and adding some details appropriately according to the character's image.
When translating classical Chinese, we start from two aspects, one is words, and the other is sentences. When asking students to translate classical Chinese into modern Chinese, they should pay attention to some regular things: translating monosyllabic words into bisyllabic words, comparing the differences in ancient and modern word meanings, identifying Tongjia characters, and understanding the flexible use of parts of speech, etc.
If it is not possible to translate classical Chinese words one by one into modern Chinese, you should also pay attention to some characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns. This article "explains the facts and practices", the characters' language is vivid and expressive, and the characters' images are vividly depicted.
Students can be divided into roles to read aloud, read out the characters' tone and feelings, and thus understand the characters' personalized language and understand the characters' images: Yanzi is neither humble nor arrogant, calm, witty and eloquent, while the King of Chu is smart, arrogant and incompetent. present. On this basis, let students add some reasonable details and imagination to enrich the character image.
Implementation Plan Teaching Objectives: 1. Ideological Objective: Let students realize the patriotic feelings shown by Yan Zi when he went to Chu as an envoy, so that students can be emotionally influenced, gain ideological enlightenment, and enjoy aesthetic pleasure. 2. Knowledge objectives: Understand some characteristics of classical Chinese words and sentences, and memorize some important classical Chinese words.
3. Ability goal: Be able to understand the characteristics of the characters: Yan Zi is neither humble nor arrogant, witty and calm, and King Chu is smart, arrogant and rude. Guide students to experience personalized language.
Teaching focus: 1. Understand Yanzi’s politician and diplomat’s demeanor and wittiness and eloquence. 2. Understand the character’s image characteristics and understand the personalized language.
3. Understand some characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns. Teaching difficulties: Understand the characteristics of characters and understand personalized language.
Teaching time: 1 class teaching method: reading, guidance, self-study, discussion. Teaching content and steps: 1. Introduction of new lessons.
Throughout ancient and modern times, there are many witty and eloquent stories circulating at home and abroad. These stories all shine with the light of wisdom. Classmates, who can tell a witty and eloquent story? Students lecture, teachers comment.
Today, we will learn a story about a wise and eloquent ancient Chinese - "Yan Zi Envoy to Chu". 2. Read the text.
1. Read the word correctly. With the help of annotations and reference books, we can clear away text barriers, achieve accurate pronunciation, clear enunciation, and have a preliminary understanding of the text content.
Student activities: (1) Read the text silently or softly. (2) Mark the unknown words.
(The teacher lists the new characters on the blackboard: 晏 (yàn) 布 (fù) 酣 (hān) 曷 (hé) 枳 (zhì) 西 (xī)) (3) Students read the new characters twice. 2. In the second reading, pay attention to the correct reading rhythm and pauses.
Teacher’s Tips: Feel the simplicity and graceful rhythm of the article; pauses during reading can be divided into syllables and meanings. Example: Official 2/bind one person/go to the king, bind the person/haoweizhe, get nothing/the water and soil of Chu/make the people good at stealing. Student activities: (1) Read silently.
(2) Designate students to read aloud. The teacher corrects and comments.
3. In the third reading, read fluently, try to read out the tone and intonation, and initially understand the text content. Students read aloud freely.
3. Translate and read the text. 1. Teacher’s tip: When translating classical Chinese, you should start from two aspects, one is words, and the other is sentences.
Pay attention to the following aspects when writing words: (1) Translate monosyllabic words into bisyllabic words. For example, the sentence "will send an envoy to Chu" in the first sentence of the text is translated as "will go to Chu as an envoy".
(2) The difference between ancient and modern word meanings. The "sitting" in "Hey sit" means "committing a crime". This meaning is no longer used in modern Chinese.
(3) Identify passable characters. For example, "曷" in "What is bound to be" is connected with "He".
In addition, we should also pay attention to the characteristics of some sentence patterns in classical Chinese. The word order of some sentences is different from that of modern Chinese, such as "why is it", if it is modern Chinese, the word order is "what is it", and the translation Pay attention to adjustments when making adjustments. Let students sort out ancient and modern synonyms, Tongjia characters and several classical Chinese sentence patterns that are different from the characteristics of modern Chinese.
(Note: The workload of these tasks is relatively large, so the whole class can be divided into five study groups by group responsibility. One group will sort out Tongjia characters; the second and third groups will sort out ancient and modern characters. meaning words, one group is responsible for sorting out the first natural paragraph, and the other group is responsible for sorting out the second natural paragraph; the fourth and fifth groups are responsible for sorting out special classical Chinese sentence patterns, among which one group is responsible for sorting out the first paragraph, and the other group is responsible for sorting out the second natural paragraph. Organize the second paragraph.)
Student activities: (1) Read silently in groups and organize. (2) Discussion within student groups.
(3) Let the students answer or write on the blackboard. Example: Tongjiazi: Hue - He Xi - Xi ancient and modern synonyms: Fang (ancient: will be, today: square) right (ancient: what is said or answered to the above, today: correct) wei (ancient: equivalent to "yu" Today: act; do) sit (ancient: commit a crime; today: sit down) avoid the mat (ancient: leave the seat; today: avoid: avoid; Xi: mat) apprentice (ancient: only today: apprentice) actually (ancient: their fruits today) : Actually) get nothing (ancient: mofeijin: get: get; wu: don’t have.
There is no longer the usage of "get nothing" in modern Chinese) disease (ancient: humiliate today: disease) special classical Chinese Sentence pattern: Judgment sentence: Yan Ying is a communicator in Qi. (Affirmative verdict) The sage is not worthy of his respect.
(Negative judgment) The word order is different from modern Chinese: "Why", "What is it", "Where to sit", "Two officials bind one person to the king", etc. Pay attention to adjustments when translating word order. (Note: The teacher can make appropriate adjustments, add or delete, and noun terms do not need to appear, such as preposition of object, postposition of attributive, etc.)
2. Divide students into groups and translate the text orally while reading. , communication within the group.
3. Ask a student to tell the story again, adding some details and reasonable imagination.
According to teacher evaluation, the more exciting details added by students should be affirmed. 4. Reading the text 1. Let the students read the text aloud, read out the characters’ tone and emotions, and prepare to read the text aloud by role.
2. Students read the text in different roles. It is divided into four roles: "Executor, Yan Zi, King Chu, and King Chu's men". 4. Original text of Yan Zi's mission to Chu People's Education Press
Original text: Yan Zi's mission to Chu Chu people thought that Yan Zi was short, so they made a small door on the side of the main door and extended it.
Yan Zi refused to enter and said: "Those who envoy the dog kingdom enter through the dog gate. Now I am envoy to Chu and should not enter through this gate." The best man said more and entered through the gate.
Meet the King of Chu. The king said: "There is no one in Qi? I am the envoy."
Yanzi said to him: "Qi is in three hundred villages in Zi, with its sleeves stretched out like a shadow, sweating like rain, shoulder to shoulder, and one after another. Why? Why is there no one?" The king asked: "Then what is the envoy?" Yanzi replied: "Every envoy has his own master, and those who are unworthy will be unworthy of the country. p> Ying is the most unfaithful person, so it is better to send him to Chu. "Yan Zi will send him to Chu."
When the King of Chu heard about it, he said to his left and right: "Yan Ying is a communicator in Qi. Now that he is here, I want to humiliate him. Why?" The left and right said to each other: "For him. Come, please tie up one person and pass by the king. The king said, "Why do you want to sit down?"
'" When Yanzi arrived, the king of Chu gave him wine. While drunk, two officials bound one man to visit the king.
The king asked: "Who is the one who binds?" He replied: "The people of Qi are good at stealing." The king looked at Yanzi and said: "The people of Qi are good at stealing?" Yanzi avoided the banquet and said: "I heard it. If the orange grows in Huainan, it will be orange, and if it grows in north Huaibei, it will be orange. The leaves are similar, but the taste is different.
So what is the reason? The water and soil are different. Today's people's livelihood If you grow up in Qi, you will not steal, but if you enter Chu, you will steal. If there is no water and soil in Chu, the people will be good at stealing? "Wang laughed and said: "The sage is not the one who belongs to Xi, but I will take the disease."
Translated by Yan Zi. He was sent as an envoy to the State of Chu. The people of Chu (wanted to insult him) because of his short stature, so they opened a small door next to the city gate and asked Yanzi to enter through the small door.
Yanzi said: "Only those who are on an envoy to the Dog Kingdom enter through the Dog Cave. Today I am on an envoy to the Chu Kingdom, so I should not enter the city through this gate."
The people of Chu had no choice but to change their route and ask Yanzi to enter through the gate. Yanzi paid homage to the King of Chu.
The King of Chu said: "I'm afraid there is no one left in Qi, right?" Yanzi replied: "There are more than 7,000 households in Linzi, the capital of Qi. People sit next to each other, shoulder to shoulder, and spread their clothes. The sleeves can cover the sky and the sun, and the sweat is like rain. How can you say that there is no one in Qi? "The king of Chu said: "In this case, why did you send a person like you as an envoy?" Yanzi replied: "The state of Qi sends envoys, each with his own purpose. The wise will send envoys to the wise king, and the incompetent will send envoys to the incompetent king. I am the most incompetent person, so I have no choice but to send envoys. Envoy to the State of Chu." Yan Zi is about to go on an envoy to the State of Chu.
When the King of Chu heard the news, he said to the courtiers around him: "Yan Ying is a man of Qi who is good at rhetoric. Now he is coming. I want to humiliate him. What method should I use?" He replied: "When he comes, please let us tie up a person and pass in front of the king. The king (then) asked: 'What does (he) do?' (I then) replied: '(He) is A native of Qi.
'The king (again) asked: 'What crime did he commit? ' (I) replied: '(He) committed the crime of stealing. '" Yanzi came to the state of Chu, and the king of Chu asked. Yanzi was drinking, and when he was enjoying himself, two servants came to the King of Chu with a man tied up.
The King of Chu asked: "What does the tied man do?" (Gongshi) replied: "(He) is from Qi State and has committed the crime of stealing."
King Chu looked at Yan Zi and asked, "Are the people of Qi good at stealing to begin with?" "Yanzi left the seat and replied: "I heard this: Orange trees growing south of the Huaihe River are orange trees, and growing north of the Huaihe River are tangerine trees. It's just that the leaves are similar, but the taste of the fruits is different. different.
Why is this happening? (Because) the water and soil conditions are different. Now this person did not steal anything when he was growing up in Qi State, but started stealing as soon as he arrived in Chu State. Could it be that the soil and water of Chu State made people like stealing? The King of Chu smiled and said, "A sage cannot joke with him. Instead, I am humiliating myself." " 5. Ask for the original text of "Yan Zi sent Chu" in classical Chinese
Yan Zi sent Chu. The people of Chu thought that Yan Zi was short and made a small door on the side of the main door to extend Yan Zi. Yan Zi could not enter, saying: "Send the dog country The visitor enters through the dog door. I am envoy to Chu and should not enter through this door. "The best man said more and entered through the gate.
When he saw the king of Chu, the king said, "Is there no one here? The envoy is the envoy. "
Yanzi said to him: "In the three hundred villages of Linzi in Qi, the man's sleeves are stretched out like a shadow, and the sweat turns into rain. They are standing shoulder to shoulder, one after another. How can there be no one! The king said, "Then what is an envoy?" "Yanzi said to him, "Everyone has his own master. The virtuous ones will serve as virtuous masters, and the unworthy ones will serve as dishonorable masters. Infants are the most unworthy, so it is better to send them to Chu. "
Yan Zi will be envoy to Chu. When the king of Chu heard about it, he called his left and right and said: "Yan Ying is a good communicator in Qi. Now that he is here, I want to humiliate him. Why? "The people on the left and right said to each other: "Because of this, I ask you to tie up someone and pass by the king. The king said: "What is this?" ’ He said to him, ‘Qi people. ’ The king said, where are you sitting? Said, Sitting Thief. "
When Yanzi arrived, the King of Chu gave Yanzi wine. He was drunk, and two officials tied one person to the king. The king said: "Who is the one who tied him? He said to him, "Qi people are also sitting on the bandits." The king looked at Yanzi and said, "Are the people of Qi really good at stealing?" Yanzi avoided the table and said to him: "I heard that oranges grown in Huainan are called tangerines, and those grown in the north of Huaibei are called tangerines. The leaves are similar, but the taste is different." So why? Water and soil are different. Nowadays, people who grow up in Qi do not steal, but when they enter Chu, they steal. Having access to water and soil without Chu makes the people good at stealing! "
Wang laughed and said: "A saint is not the right person to be like, but a mediocre person is just taking the disease. ” 6. There is an urgent need for the latest teaching design and courseware
Original text of Yan Zi’s mission to Chu: [Edit this paragraph] Yan Zi’s mission to Chu.
People in Chu regarded Yan Zi’s shortness as a small one. The door was on the side of the gate and Yanzi refused to enter. He said: "Those who live in the dog country should enter through the dog door."
I am envoy to Chu and should not enter through this door. "The best man said more and entered through the gate.
See the king of Chu. The king said: "There is no one in Qi. How can I serve as an envoy? Yanzi said to him: "Qi's three hundred villages in Linzi, with their sleeves stretched out like clouds, sweating like rain, standing shoulder to shoulder, one after another, why is there no one!" The king said, "Then what is an envoy?" "Yanzi said to him, "Everyone has his own master.
A wise person will make a wise person, and an unworthy person will make an unworthy person. Infants are the most unworthy, so it is better to send them to Chu! " Yan Zi will make Chu.
When the king of Chu heard about it, he called his left and right and said: "Qi's rhetoricians are here now. I want to humiliate them. Why? "The people on the left and right said to each other: "For the reason that I have come, I would like to ask you to tie up someone and pass by the king. The king said, what is this? He said, Qi people.
The king said, where to sit? Said, Sitting Thief. "When Yanzi arrived, the king of Chu gave Yanzi wine, and he was drunk. Two officials tied one person to the king.
The king said: "Who is the one who tied him? He said to him, "Qi people are also sitting on the bandits." The king looked at Yanzi and said, "Are the people of Qi really good at stealing?" Yanzi avoided the table and said to him: "I heard that oranges grown in Huainan are called tangerines, and those grown in the north of Huaibei are called tangerines. The leaves are similar, but the taste is different."
Why? Water and soil are different. Nowadays, people who grow up in Qi do not steal, but when they enter Chu, they steal. Is it true that there is no water and soil in Chu to make the people good at stealing? "The king laughed and said: "A saint is not worthy of Xi, but a mediocre person is suffering from illness. "
Translation: [Edit this paragraph] The King of Chu knew that Yanzi was short in stature, so he opened a small hole next to the gate and asked Yanzi to go in. Yanzi refused to go in and said: "People who are on envoys to the Dog Country never come here. You can go in through a dog hole. Today I am on an envoy to the Kingdom of Chu. You should not enter through this hole.
The person who greeted the guests took Yanzi in through the gate. Yanzi paid homage to the King of Chu.
The King of Chu said: "Is there no one in Qi to send? You are actually sent as an envoy." Yanzi replied solemnly: "The capital of Qi, Linzi, has 7,500 households. If you open your sleeves, the sky will become dark; if you sweat together, it will turn into heavy rain; if pedestrians on the street lean on each other's shoulders and touch their toes with their heels, how can it be said that there are no talents? "The king of Chu said: "If this is the case, then why? "Send you here?" Yanzi replied: "Qi State sends envoys according to different objects. The worthy ones are sent to the worthy kings, and the unworthy ones are sent to the unworthy kings. .
I, Yan Ying, am the most unworthy person, so I have no choice but to go as an envoy to the State of Chu. "Yan Zi is about to go as an envoy to the State of Chu.
When the King of Chu heard the news, he said to his courtiers, "Yan Ying, a man of Qi who is good at rhetoric, is coming soon. I want to humiliate him. How can I do it?" The courtiers replied: "When he comes, please allow us to tie up a person and pass in front of the king. The king asked: 'What does this man do?' We replied: 'He is from Qi State.
The king asked again: "What crime did you commit?" We replied: "You committed the crime of stealing." When Yanzi arrived, the king of Chu rewarded Yanzi with wine. When he was happily drinking wine, two officials tied up a man and walked past the King of Chu.
The King of Chu asked: "What is the tied man doing?" The official replied: "He is from Qi State and has committed the crime of stealing." The King of Chu glanced at Yan Zi and said: "Are all people in Qi State good at stealing? ?" Yanzi left his seat and replied: "I have heard that the fruit of oranges grown south of the Huaihe River is tangerine, and the fruit grown north of the Huaihe River is tangerine. (Tangerine and tangerine) are similar in shape. , but the taste of the fruit is completely different.
What is the reason? The people in Qi do not steal, but they steal when they come to Chu. Could it be that the soil and water in Chu make people good at stealing? "The King of Chu smiled and said: "A saint cannot joke with him, but I am asking for trouble."
Wisdom Comments [Edit this paragraph] Diplomacy is no small matter, especially when it involves the country. When it comes to compliance, it is even more inviolable. Yanzi maintained the national integrity and personal dignity in a "needle-to-wheat" manner.
Yan Ying is a witty person. ——Selected from "Yanzi Chunqiu·Neipian·Miscellaneous" (Collection of Zhuzi, Zhonghua Book Company, 1954 edition).
The title was added by the editor. "Yanzi Chunqiu" records many anecdotes about Yanzi.
Original text [Edit this paragraph] Yanzi sent troops to Chu. The people of Chu thought that Yanzi was short, so they made the small gate on the side of the main door and extended Yanzi.
Yanzi refused to enter and said: "Those who envoy to the dog country should enter through the dog gate. Now I am envoy to Chu and should not enter through this gate."
The best man changed the way and entered through the gate. . Meet the King of Chu.
The king said: "There is no one in Qi, so why should I be the envoy?" Yanzi said to him: "Qi is in three hundred villages in Zi, with its sleeves stretched out like a shadow, sweating like rain, shoulder to shoulder, and one after another. Why? There is no one!" The king said, "What is the envoy?" Yanzi said, "Every envoy has his own master. The wise ones are the wise masters, and the unworthy ones are the unworthy masters.
Infants are the most unworthy, so it is better to send them to Chu." Annotation: envoy - to be sent to other countries.
The following two characters, one is a noun, that is, person, and the other is a verb, which is to delegate. Short - length, here is the meaning of short stature of a person.
Yan - used as a verb, which means to please. Best Man - Best Man, Yin Bin.
A groomsman is a person who specializes in welcoming and entertaining guests. Linzi - Zi, sound capital.
Linzi, a place name, was the capital of the ancient Qi State in present-day Shandong Province. Lu - Yinlu, an ancient social organizational unit, with twenty-five households grouped into one Lu.
Three hundred villages means a large population. 袂——Yinmei, is the sleeves of clothes.
Heel - sound type, which is the heel of a person. Ming-command, here means appointment and dispatch.
Lord - advocate, here is the meaning of rules and regulations.
The following word "subject" refers to the master and the king.
Unworthy - a person who is unworthy and has no talent or virtue. Yanzi will make Chu.
When the King of Chu heard about it, he said to his left and right: "Yan Ying, a communicator in Qi, is here now. I want to humiliate him. Why?" The king said, "What are you doing?" The king said, "Why sit down?" When Yanzi arrived, the king of Chu gave Yanzi wine. In the middle of the night, two officials bound one person to visit the king.
The king asked: "Who is the one who binds?" He replied: "The people of Qi are sitting on thieves." The king looked at Yanzi and said: "Are the people of Qi good at stealing?" Yanzi avoided the table and said to him : "When I hear it, oranges are oranges when they grow in the south of the Huaihe River, and oranges when they grow in the north of the Huaihe River. The leaves are similar, but the actual taste is different.
So why is this so? The water and soil are different. Nowadays, when people grow up in Qi, they don't steal. If you enter Chu, you will steal. If there is no water and soil in Chu, the people will be good at stealing?" Wang laughed and said, "The sage is not worthy of Xi, but the poor will get sick."
Note: 7. Yan Zi made Chu Wenwen exercises
(1) Passing by the king: passing...;
(2) The king said, where to sit: sin, crime;
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(3) Xiye's Xiye is not what the sage is supposed to do: play with, tease;
(4) Yan Ying, a rhetorician in Qi: Yanzi is a person in Qi who is good at debating. ;
(5) People in Qi are good at stealing: Do people in Qi like to steal?
2. Yan Ying cleverly used analogies in this diplomatic war, comparing Huainan to the state of Qi, comparing Ju to (people who do not steal), and Zhi to people who steal. , and used this to draw the conclusion that (the water and soil of Chu make people good at stealing) to fight back against the King of Chu.
3. Based on Yan Ying, what qualities do you think a successful diplomat should possess?
Not afraid of power, the dignity of the country comes first, and be resourceful and flexible.