1. Pingyuan County, established in the Han Dynasty, and the administrative seat is Pingyuan (the old city is in the southwest of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province today); 2. Wuling County, established in the Han Dynasty, and the administrative place is Yiling (the old city is in the south of Xupu County, Hunan Province today) ); 3. Pei State, in the Western Han Dynasty it was Pei County, in the Eastern Han Dynasty it was Pei State, and its administrative seat was Xiang County (the old city is in the northwest of Suixi County, Anhui Province today).
The origin of "Hua"
There are three sources of the surname Hua: 1. It comes from the surname Zi. According to "Manuscripts on the Words and Deeds of Mingxian Clan", "Differentiation of Ancient and Modern Surname Books", "Guangyun" and "Ciyuan", the son of Dai Gongzheng of the Song Dynasty was Kao's father. His ruler Shang Gong and his great minister Kong Fu bribed Qi, Qin, Lu, and Zheng with generous bribes, but they could not retaliate, so they made the prime minister Song Gong, who established himself as the Hua family. In ancient times, there was no one who was given a clan after birth. He only established his own surname based on a temporary mistake, and later generations followed it. One theory is that the governor's father, Zheng Kao, collected food from China (the old city is in the north of present-day Xinzheng, Henan), and later took Yi as his surname. 2. Comes from the surname Si. According to "A Survey of Surnames", Xia Zhongkang was granted the title of Hua Clan in Huashan. 3. From other tribes. The surname Aixinjueluo of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty was later changed to the Chinese surname; the leader of the 12 Yi tribes in the Qingling dynasty surrendered in the 13th year of Jiaqing, and changed his surname to Zhumu in the 16th year of Jiaqing; the Yi people in Bajiaogou had the Chinese surname; the Xibo tribe The Han surname of the Huaxi Har family is Hua; today the Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and other ethnic groups have this surname.
The ancestor who got the surname
Hua Governor, first known as Hua Fu Governor, some say that his name was Hua Fu, in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Song Dynasty Chinese, grandson of Dai Gong of Song Dynasty. In 710 BC, Governor Hua, who was then the Grand Administrator, killed the doctor Kong Fujia and took his wife as his own. Then he killed Duke Shang of Song Dynasty without doing anything, and appointed his son Feng as Duke Zhuang of Song Dynasty, and appointed himself as prime minister. . Later, Governor Hua established his own surname as Hua, and later generations of descendants named him Hua, and respected Governor Hua as the ancestor of the surname.
Multiplication and migration
The ancient Song Dynasty was all located in Shangqiu, Henan Province, so there is no doubt that the Chinese surname originated here. righteous. Since Governor Hua got the surname, the surname Hua has been prominent in the Song Dynasty for generations and is famous all over the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were nearly twenty people with the Hua surname in the historical records. "Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi" said: "Shishi Benyun said that Du was born in the family of Shizi, Ji Lao was born in the family, Situ Zheng was born in Lao, and Situ Xi was born in Zheng." This branch is the direct descendant of Hua Du. In addition, the famous general Hua Yuan is Hua Du's great-grandson. Hua Yuan's father, Hua Yushi, once served as a military officer in the Song Dynasty. From the analysis of many Chinese surnames, it can be said that this is the peak period of the development of the Hua surname. In 522 BC, the Hua surnamed family had internal strife due to the mishandling of the current monarch. As a result, the Hua surnamed family declined from prosperity. After the rebel Hua Hai failed, he fled to Chu State. Hua Fei's son Hua Deng and Hua Hai There was a connection, and he fled to the state of Wu. In addition, at this time, there was Hua Zhou in Qi and Hua Zhong, a senior official in Wei. These historical facts show that in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Hua surname had been spread to Chu (the capital is now Jiangling, Hubei), Wu (the capital is now Suzhou, Jiangsu), Wei (the capital is now Qixian, Henan), Qi (the capital is now Zibo, Shandong) and other countries. In 286 BC, the Song Dynasty was divided among the three kingdoms of Qi, Chu and Wei. People with Chinese surnames gradually moved to Shandong in the north and Anhui and Jiangsu in the south. In the early Han Dynasty, Hua Ji and Hua Wuhe followed Liu Bang and made meritorious achievements in the war. They were granted the title of marquis and their descendants took the title, which added luster to the Hua surname that had been dormant for nearly a century. During the Han Dynasty, the surname Hua could be said to be spread all over Shandong, and prominent families were formed in the Shandong Plain. In addition, a large family with the surname Hua also formed in Pei State, which is between Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui today. During the Xinmang Rebellion, some northern Hua surnames fled to Xupu, Hunan, and merged with the Hua surnames who ancestrally lived here. Later, they became the Hua surnames of Wuling County. During the Three Kingdoms and Two Jin Dynasties, the development of the Chinese surname reached its peak. Among them, the Huaxin family in Pingyuan County was an outstanding representative. Their population was prosperous and famous people emerged from generation to generation, which can be said to illuminate the annals of history. During the Yongjia Rebellion, the Hua surnames fled south and moved south to present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Chinese surname flourished in Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places today, and a branch of the Chinese surname moved to Fujian. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Chinese surnames were spread throughout the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Hua surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to Hongdong Dahuai tree, and was divided into Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Chinese surname was widely spread in Taiwan and the southwest, northwest and northeast. Today, Chinese surnames are widely distributed across the country, especially in Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jilin, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities. The Chinese surnames in the above four places account for about 62% of the country's Han population with Chinese surnames.
Hall names
: ?Wuling?, ?Huayue?, ?Pingyuan?, ?Dunhou?, etc.
Clan Characteristics
1. There are many people with Chinese surnames, and the stars are shining. Since they got the surname, they have been prominent for generations. Before the two Jin Dynasties, the people in the north There are many famous people. After the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese surnames were prominent in the south. The "Dictionary of Chinese Names in Ancient Dynasties" records 87 Chinese surnames. The number is not inferior to the surnames ranked before the 100th. 2. The Hua surname ranked 28th in the "Hundred Family Surnames" compiled by the Song Dynasty, which reflects the prominence of the Hua surname in the Song Dynasty.
Hua Jiao: Sun of Hua Xin, Hua Biaozi, historian of the Western Jin Dynasty. From official to servant. Because he was dissatisfied with "Dongguan Hanji", he wrote ninety-seven volumes of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", which records the historical events of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The style of writing and quality is similar to that of Sima Qian and Ban Gu. It is now lost.
Hua Heng: Hua Biao’s grandson, minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He married the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, became a vassal of Ma Duwei, and later served as Shangshu and Yingchuan Ling. After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, they crossed south. He led the prince to offer wine and was granted the title of Marquis of Yuanling County. He was promoted to Dr. Zuo Guanglu and opened his mansion. There was no wealth left after his death.
Hua Wenqi: A native of Xiayi (now Xiayi, Henan) in Songzhou, a general in the Liang and Tang Dynasties in the Five Dynasties. Shaocong rebelled against Huang Chao. After Chao's defeat, he served as an official in Houliang and as an official envoy to Qi and Jin states. After entering the Later Tang Dynasty, he served as an official to control the national army and became an envoy. Later, he became an official as the prince and Taibao, and won by sticking to it.
Huazhen: A native of Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), an official in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a Jinshi of Shenzong, served as a doctor in the imperial court, and knew the military affairs of Zhangzhou. He likes to read and write poems all his life. There are "Explanations of Yangtze Dharma Sayings", "Yunxi layman's collection", etc.
Hua Yunlong: A native of Dingyuan, Anhui Province, a general in the early Ming Dynasty. Starting from Zhu Yuanzhang, he fought in the south and north, and made countless achievements. In the third year of Hongwu's reign, he was granted the title of Marquis of Huai'an based on merit.
Hua Hengfang: a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, a mathematician in the late Qing Dynasty. Committed to translation work, he has translated seventeen kinds of books on arithmetic and geology, including "Algebra", "Trigonometric Theory", "Calculus Tracing", etc., and has authored "Xing Su Xuan Calculation Manuscript".
Hua Luogeng: (1910?1985), a native of Jintan, Jiangsu Province, a famous Chinese mathematician.