Birth
Portrait of Qu Yuan
The date of birth of Qu Yuan has been studied by many people since ancient times, and it was not until the archaeological relics were unearthed after liberation that it was set as 34 BC. The study of Qu Yuan's birth date is mainly based on two sentences in Li Sao: "She is the one who raises her virginity in Meng Xi, but she is the one who lowers her". Wang Yi thinks that "taking notes" refers to "taking notes", and Tai Sui takes notes in Yin Yue, which is based on the year of the old star. Zhu Xi thinks that "Sheti" is the name of the star. This Sheti star refers to the twelfth birthday with bucket handle, and here it refers to the month. According to Zou Hanxun and Liu Shipei's calculations based on the Yin calendar and the Xia calendar, it was designated as the 21st day of the first month in 343 BC. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen You calculated by the weekly calendar as the 22nd day of the first month of 343 BC.
In p>1976, a piece of "Li Chan" was unearthed in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, which contained 4 lines and 32 words, and described the process of Zhou Wuwang's cutting Zhou. After careful textual research, Mr. Tang Bingzheng believes that among the three characters of "Li Chan" inscription "Sui Dingke", "Sui" refers to the old star, or "Sheti" in ancient times, and now it is called Jupiter. "Ding" means chastity, and training is appropriate. "Ke" is the same as "Gu", which is the name of the month and November is Gu. "Year-old Zhenke" means that the year-old star rises in the east just in the morning of November, which refers to the rendezvous period of Jupiter. In this way, the inscription of "Li Chan", "Zheng Shang, only Jia Zi Chao, Zhen Ke at the age, confused with business", is completely consistent with the record of "Jia Zi was not cool in the first month, and the Wu Dynasty was in Mu Ye, a commercial suburb" in Historical Records. The inscription of "Li Chan", "Sui Zhen Ke", and "Li Sao", "Taking Zhen Yu Meng" are in the same category
Qu Yuan
in Li Zhenkai's works, both of which mark the year and month by the movement of the old star. If Li Sao is taken as an example, the inscription can be extended to "taking chastity to Zhong Gu"; If the inscription is taken as an example, the phrase "taking my virginity to Meng Huan" in Li Sao can also be simplified to "taking my virginity to Meng Huan". In Lisao, the main idea of these two poems is: I was born in the first month of Meng Chun, and Geng Yin was the day I was born. Although there is no positive account of the year of Qu Yuan's birth here, every year in the first month of the summer calendar, when the stars rise in the east in the morning, marks that this year is bound to be the so-called "year of putting one's life in Yin" in later generations. This shows that Wang Yi's statement that "Sheti" refers to Jupiter is correct, while Zhu Xi's statement that "Sheti" refers to the name of the star is one-sided.
astronomers calculated that in the first month of the third year of Zhou Xianwang (366 BC), Muxing's position was exactly the morning sunrise in the East, which is the so-called year of taking photos of Tige, according to the Annals of Emperor Yuan Guang Yuan of Han Dynasty and the silk book Wuxing Zhan. Based on this coordinate, the date of birth of Qu Yuan can be calculated by using the rendezvous period of Jupiter, the law of sidereal period and the historical data in Historical Records of Qu Yuan and Biography of Jia Sheng and Chu Family. From the third year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty, Jupiter passed through two sidereal period, that is, 24 years' operation, and rose in the east in the first month of the 28th year of Chu Xuanwang (342 BC). This year should be the year when Li Sao "took her virginity to Meng Wei". According to the Japanese scholar Xincheng Xinzang's "Long Calendar of Warring States", it is calculated that the 26th day of the first month of this year is Gengyin Day. Therefore, Qu Yuan should have been born on the 26th day of the first month of the summer calendar in 342 BC, that is, in the 28th year of Chu Xuanwang, Geng Yin was born on the 26th day of the first month of the summer calendar. [2] The Japanese Book on Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province is also called the man born on the 26th day of Geng Yin. Yunmeng originally belonged to the Qin Dynasty. According to scholars' research, the owner of Yunmeng's Qin Tomb was pleased to be a survivor of the Chu State who entered the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, the Japanese Book was named Qin Bamboo Slips, which actually reflected the religious consciousness of Chu people, which was in line with Qu Yuan's self-report.
named
Zhang Xiangzhou's work
Qu Yuan's name is Ping, and its word is original, also known as Regular. Regarding the origin of his name, Qu Yuan said in Li Sao: "The Miao nationality of Emperor Levin is Xi, and the emperor is called Bo Yong. Take a photo of Zhen Yu Meng Xi. The emperor looked at Yu Chu, Zhao Xi Yu was given a good name, the name Yu Yue was regular, and the word Yu Yue Ling was both ".
This passage means: "I am a descendant of the ancient emperor Levin, and my father's name is Bo Yong. I was born on Gengyin Day of Meng Chunyue in the year of Yinmao, and my father gave me a good name, which is called "Regular" and the word is "Lingjun". Qu Yuan's father, Bo Yong, is very knowledgeable. Bo Yong named his son "Ping" and "Regular". The combination of the word "Yuan" and the word "Lingjun" means that "the person who speaks justly and can be disciplined is nothing more than the heaven, and the person who raises all things is indifferent to the earth." Gao Ping's "Yuan" contains a pair of Qu Yuan's names and characters, in which the combination of the name "Regular" and "Ping" means heaven, and the combination of the word "Lingjun" and "Yuan" means earth. It is exactly the personality requirement and principle that a father wants his son to achieve. Qu Yuan's birth name is interpreted as the three systems of heaven, earth and man, which are in line with the "Historical Records". [2] experience
Qu Yuan's deeds, mainly in Sima Qian's Historical Records. According to Li Sao, Qu Yuan was born on the 14th day of the first month of Chu Weiwang (339 BC). Qu Yuan was born in Danyang on the 14th day of the first month of, which is now Zigui, Hubei Province. He experienced three periods in his life, namely, Chu Weiwang, Huai Wang and Qing Xiang Wang, and his main activity was in Chu Huaiwang period.
According to Qu Yuan's works, he participated in the witchcraft activities of Chu as an aristocrat. Archaeological documents show that the upper nobility of Chu believed in witchcraft. Scholars said: "By comparing the gods contained in bamboo slips of Chu Tomb in Jiangling with the gods sacrificed in Nine Songs of Chu, we can find that the gods contained in bamboo slips and the gods described in Nine Songs are complementary to each other and become a relatively complete series, which further provides circumstantial materials for people to understand the specific content of Qu Yuan's witchcraft activities in that year." [3] The period of Qu Yuan's life is just the eve of China's imminent reunification, that is, "the Emperor of Qin is horizontal, and the King of Chu is vertical". Qu was born in a noble family, and he was good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, so he was favored by Chu Huaiwang in his early years, and he was a leftist. All the policies and proclamations of the court came from his hands.
in order to realize the great cause of rejuvenating the state of Chu, Qu Yuan actively assisted Huai Wang in reforming his country to strengthen his country, and insisted on uniting Qi to resist Qin in foreign countries, which made the state of Chu once become a powerful and powerful vassal. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by the small group and alienated by Chu Huaiwang. According to Records of Historical Records, Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Shangguan doctor Jin Shang framed Qu Yuan in front of Huai Wang out of jealousy, while Qu Yuan was drafting a constitutional order for Chu Huaiwang, so Huai Wang was "angry and reluctant to Qu Ping".
after being removed from his post as a disciple, Qu Yuan was transferred to San Lv as a doctor, in charge of the affairs of the three surnames Zhao, Qu and Jing of the royal family, and was responsible for the worship of ancestral temples and the education of aristocratic children.
In the fifteenth year of Huai Wang (314 BC), Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu, and bought Jin Shang, Zi Nan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with a large sum of money. At the same time, he tricked Huai Wang by offering merchants in a land of 6 miles, which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, Huai Wang became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to the State of Qi to rebuild the old friendship between Qi and Chu.
During this period, Zhang Yi once again went from Qin to Chu to disintegrate the Qi-Chu Alliance, which failed. In the twenty-fourth year of Huai Wang's reign, Qin Chu was "the alliance of the Yellow Thorn", and Chu was completely embraced by Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Ying Capital and moved to northern Han Dynasty.
after thirty years of cherishing the king, Qu Yuan returned to Yingdu. In the same year, Qin made an appointment to meet Wang Wuguan, but Qu Yuan urged him to join Qin. However, Zi Lan, the youngest son of Huai Wang, urged him to join Qin, and Huai Wang did not listen to Qu Yuan and others' advice. As a result, he was detained by Qin on the day of joining the alliance and died in a foreign country three years later. After King Huai was detained, King Xiang took over, and Zilan was appointed as Lingyin (equivalent to the prime minister), and the diplomatic relations between Chu and Qin were once cut off. However, in the seventh year of his succession, King Xiang married Qin in order to live in peace for the time being. Qu Yuan opposed their shameful position, and accused Zilan of being responsible for the humiliating death of Huai Wang. Zilan also instructed Shangguan doctor to slander Qu Yuan in front of King Xiang, which led to Qu Yuan being exiled to Yuan and Xiang again, about thirteen years before and after King Xiang.
While Qu Yuan was in exile for many years, the situation in Chu became more and more critical. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, Qin generals broke through Chu Duying (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) in vain, which indicated the crisis of Chu's future. The following year, Qin Jun went further. Qu Yuan saw that his once prosperous country was hopeless, and he also considered leaving other countries, but in the end, he still loved his homeland, and in the midst of grief and indignation, he drowned himself in the Miluo River and died for his ideals.
The date of Qu Yuan's death may be the fifth day of May, or a day close to this day. The fifth day of May was originally a traditional festival in Chu. Later, people took this day as a day to commemorate Qu Yuan, but its original meaning was little known.
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