The common folk patterns in Miao embroidery include dragons, which combine the characteristics of many animals; the head of a buffalo, the body of a python, the horns of a sika deer, the scales of a fish, and the claws of an eagle. There are many beards hanging from the corners of his mouth. There is a bead under the chin, which can be black or bright, powerful or fine, flicker and appear, can call the wind and rain, subdue demons and eliminate demons. It is a noble symbol of bravery and power. It has been used by the royal families of all dynasties. The emperor claimed to be the 'True Dragon Emperor' to obtain it. the faith of the subjects. Modern folk still regard the dragon as a symbol of sacred power, auspiciousness and nobility. According to the Miao family, the dragon can protect the village and the people and bring good weather to the people. However, the Miao people's perception of life was at that time the only nation that dared to worship and was adept at worshiping. Their awareness of life was unique to their nation. Through embroidery, they express their worship of reproduction through metaphors and metaphors. Let generations of children learn about the origin of humankind and the meaning of life. The Miao family believes that the dragon represents women's genitals, symbolizing the door of human life and the result of the bird of fertility entering a woman's body.
Feng is the abbreviation of Phoenix. In ancient times, it was worshiped as a divine bird. It is the symbol of people. The imaginary protector evolved through a long process of perfection. The head is like a golden pheasant, the body is like a mandarin duck, with the wings of a roc, the feet of the crane "White Crane", the beak of a parrot, and the tail of a peacock, ranking first among all birds. Beautiful peace symbol. The most noble female representative of the feudal dynasty, matching the emperor's dragon. According to folklore, it can bring peace and happiness to people. In the hearts of the Miao people, it is just the opposite. It represents the beauty of a man. It is a commonly used auspicious name for men, and it is well documented.
Qilin is a legendary magical animal. It has scales all over its body, an ox's tail and wolf's hooves, a dragon's head and a single horn. It is powerful but not harmful, does not destroy grass, and does not harm living creatures. It is an auspicious animal that is extremely loved by humans. It is a symbol of kindness and auspiciousness. Later, there was a folk legend about the story of "Qilin sending a son". It is said that the boy sent will become a pillar when he grows up and can govern the country and bring peace to the country.
Butterflies are a favorite decoration among the people; they are also a symbol of beauty and auspiciousness. Its image is beautiful and light. It is a metaphor for happy love and marriage. The Miao family considers it to be the ancestor of the ethnic group, that is, Mother Butterfly. For example, the baby's swaddling basket is embroidered with the pattern of "Mother Butterfly" to pray for the blessing of mother Butterfly for peace and happiness.
Bas According to folk customs, bat is a homophonic word for fortune, so people regard bats as mascots and use them in traditional decorative arts. People use rich imagination and bold empathy to shape its shape. The image that was not considered beautiful has become soaring with its wings curled up in the clouds, graceful and graceful, with its body and wings twisting freely, which is very cute and adorable. In the Miao family embroidery, there are five bats surrounding the character "shou" to form the pattern of "five blessings and longevity". It expresses Miao women's desire for longevity, happiness and health.
Fish and Yu have the same pronunciation as Yu. It is a common traditional pattern in ancient stone carvings, painted pottery, and weaving and dyeing. Its lifelike shape is called "Yuyan Chuanshuan" and the love between husband and wife is called "Yuyan Chuanshuan". 'Like a fish in water, the lotus flowers on the embroidery represent 'more and more years.' Fish are a worship of reproduction for the Miao family. They wish that their descendants would be as numerous as fish cubs, and they aspire to be prosperous for all generations.
Mandarin ducks have gorgeous feathers, and the male and female are never separated. They were called birds in ancient times, expressing the traditional virtues of husband and wife's love and growing old together. There are also some patterns with magpies and peonies embroidered on them, which also express the pursuit of kind-hearted women. Good wishes for a happy marriage.
In short, the Miao people's embroidery patterns are extremely rich, and at the same time they have bold and exaggerated imagination. Most of them are abstract techniques. What is hidden in the skirt's technique? Only if you walk into the embroidery area of ??the Miao people and understand a nation that escapes war and wears history books on their bodies, will it appear before your eyes.
Miao Embroidery
Miao embroidery represents the highest level of embroidery among China’s ethnic minorities.
Embroidery is a long-standing handicraft art of the Miao people. It is the main decoration method of Miao clothing and a representative of Miao female culture. Guizhou Province in southwest China is home to a large number of Miao compatriots, who create different styles and styles of clothing. Their clothes can be divided into casual clothes and fancy clothes. They wear casual clothes on weekdays and dress up for events or when girls are getting married. Both clothing and headdresses are complex and fine in workmanship. Although the theme selection of Miao embroidery is rich, it is relatively fixed, including dragons, birds, fish, bronze drums, flowers, butterflies, and pictures reflecting the history of the Miao people.
Miao embroidery is very beautiful and has 12 categories of techniques, namely flat embroidery, cross-stitch, pile embroidery, lock embroidery, patch embroidery, seed embroidery, broken thread embroidery, nail thread embroidery, crepe embroidery, braid embroidery, twining embroidery, horsetail embroidery, Tin embroidery, silk embroidery. These techniques are divided into several stitching techniques. For example, lock embroidery has double needle lock and single needle lock, and broken thread embroidery has broken thick thread and broken thin thread.
The Miao embroidered waistband has a white background and is fully embroidered with butterflies, centipedes and dragons in a flying and flamboyant shape. The main pattern of the embroidery is the centipede dragon, with butterflies, small centipede dragons, etc. on the lower three layers, which are traditional and typical patterns of Miao embroidery.
Miao embroidery has a very common pattern of people riding dragons or riding water, which embodies the heroic spirit and interest in life of the Miao people. The various patterns of dragon riding, dragon taming, and double dragons in Miao folk art represent people's reverence for, but not fear of, dragons.
There are many types of Miao embroidery. In terms of color, it can be roughly divided into two types: monochrome embroidery and colorful embroidery. Monochromatic embroidery is mainly made of green thread, and the embroidery technique is relatively simple. The work is elegant, simple and generous; color embroidery is made of colorful silk threads, and the embroidery technique is more complicated, either flat embroidery, plate embroidery or pick embroidery, mostly based on natural materials. With themes of flowers, birds, insects, fish or dragons, phoenixes and unicorns, the embroidery products are colorful and lifelike, making them exquisite among the Phoenix ethnic handicrafts.
Another feature of Miao embroidery is the use of colors and the matching of patterns to achieve a visual multi-dimensional space. Cross-stitching, also known as yarn-counting embroidery, is a unique skill of the Miao people. Without sampling in advance, the warp and weft threads of the cloth are used to embroider, and the embroidery is reversed to form various geometric patterns. Cross-stitching is to use the combination of colors and irregular geometric patterns to form patterns from multiple perspectives, so as to achieve the visual effect of unified three-dimensional and two-dimensional images.
Miao embroidery has the function of inheriting history and culture, which is mainly reflected in the embroidery patterns. Almost every embroidery pattern has an origin or legend. They all contain deep national culture, are expressions of national emotions, and are displays of the history and life of the Miao people. Patterns such as butterflies, dragons, birds, fish, polka-dot flowers, and duckweed flowers are all sung in the "Miao Ancient Songs". They are brightly colored, clear in composition, simple and generous.
Embroidery is the specialty of Miao women. Many works are characterized by superb skills, strange shapes, rich imagination, strong tones and simple styles. Miao embroidery patterns have a variety of colors. Songtao area mainly focuses on flowers, birds, insects, and fish. They like to use pink, emerald blue, purple and other colors, which are relatively plain. Southeastern Guizhou people mostly use dragons, fish, butterflies, and pomegranates as patterns, and they like red, blue, pink, purple and other colors. People in central Guizhou like to use long strips, rectangles, diagonal lines, etc. to form geometric patterns, and like bright red, green, polyester blue and other colors. Art master Liu Haisu spoke highly of the Miao craftsmanship: "The clouds cut the moon, and the Miao girls are so ingenious." The butterfly pattern embroidered on ancient Tibetan clothes is the most common and important decorative culture among the Miao ethnic groups. In addition to the gorgeous butterfly pattern, it is also related to a well-known Miao myth and legend - Butterfly Mother. In the minds of the Miao people, Butterfly Mother and Dayu Wagtail are the ancestors and entrepreneurs of the Miao people. These butterflies and bird patterns are embroidered on clothes to express respect and worship for their ancestors. These patterns also have obvious meanings of combining yin and yang and creating life. It expresses the Miao ancestors’ understanding and understanding of nature, the universe, and the origin of life.
Taijiang Miao Embroidery
Taijiang Miao embroidery is an art created by the Miao people with diligence and wisdom. It can be called a "wordless history book", and its cultural connotations can be It reflects the history and change process of the Miao people and has extremely high cultural taste. Due to the influence of many factors such as different social history, natural geography, religious beliefs, customs and habits, people have different aesthetic concepts and tastes, so the embroidery styles produced are also different. As far as clothing is concerned (different clothing has different embroidery patterns) Taijiang Miao clothing can be divided into Fangyou type, Fangjiu type, Fangnan type, Fangweng type, Fangbai type, Fangxiu type and Wengmang type. and back-whistle types in nine different categories.
The main embroidery techniques include flat embroidery, embroidery, embroidery, wrapping embroidery, broken thread embroidery, lock embroidery, twist embroidery, horsetail embroidery and so on. Some embroider without drafting based on their observation and feelings of natural things; some draw patterns on the cloth and then embroider; some use paper cutting and pasting for embroidery. The embroidery patterns are mostly exaggerated and unique birds, animals, flowers, birds, fish and insects. Among them, dragon, fish, butterfly, centipede, bat and other patterns are the most common.
Miao embroidery is different from Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery and Su embroidery. It is famous for its strong national style, the beauty and exaggeration of composition, the unique shape and rich colors.
Before getting married, a Miao girl must embroider a set of dowries with her own hands. It usually takes three to five years from embroidery to completion. The completion of each piece of embroidery is filled with the girl's hard work. Miao girls who are clever and handy can win people's praise, admiration and pursuit.
Ah, ah, if there are too many, just delete some and string together the rest.