The relationship between "name" and "character" of the ancients has the same meaning. For example, Ping Zi, a Zhang Heng character who created the seismograph in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Mi Heng, a writer who "beat drums and scolded Cao", have the word "ping" in their names and characters; Qin Guan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, seldom swims, while Lu You, a poet, has a concept of word service. The "concept" and "tour" in their names and words are also synonymous.
"name" and "character" complement each other meaningfully. For example, Liang Hong, a writer who cited Qi Mei in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was named as Bo Luan, and both "Hong" and "Luan" were praised as two kinds of birds. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte, so he was able to "live in Yi" because of "Lotte". Chao Buzhi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, has no blame for his words (blame is a fault), and only by "making up" can he be "blameless".
"Ming" and "Zi" have opposite meanings, such as Zhu Xi, a philosopher in Song Dynasty, and Zhao Mengfu, a painter and calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. The words "Xi" and "Hui" in their names and characters, "Qian (prone)" and "Ang" are antonyms.
The ancient names and characters are often taken from ancient books, such as Cao Cao's word Meng De, and Xunzi has a sentence that "a husband is a virtue". Lu Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty (who wrote the Book of Tea, and was later honored as the "Tea God") used the word Hung-chien, which was taken from the Book of Changes.
The names and characters of the ancients were also commonly used to indicate the generations in the family. In the pre-Qin period, Jia Bo (Meng), Zhong Shu and Ji Cousins were often added before their first names and surnames, such as Bo Yi and Shu Qi, where Bo was the elder brother and Shu was the younger brother; Kong Qiu word Zhong Ni, "Zhong" is the second child. After the Han Dynasty, people gradually used the same word or radicals to express peer relations in "names" or "characters", such as Su Shi, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, and Su Zhe's brothers * * * used radicals "cars" to express peers.
in addition to names and characters, some ancient people also had numbers. "Hao" is a fixed alias, also known as another name. Middle-and upper-class people in feudal society (especially literati) often take their own names (including fasting names and room names) based on their residence and interests. For example, Li Bai's Qinglian layman in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Su Shi's Dongpo layman in the Song Dynasty, Liu Ruju layman in Tang Yin in the Ming Dynasty and Banqiao in Zheng Xie in the Qing Dynasty are all well known to future generations. Some nicknames even exceed their real names (such as Su Dongpo and Zheng Banqiao). The nickname is given by the user himself, unlike the name, which is restricted by family and generation, so you can freely express or flaunt some sentiment of the user. The common nicknames such as "lay man" and "mountain man" are intended to show that users despise Lilu's interest. There are people who are famous for their names, such as Song, Zhou, Dunyi, Gui Youguang, Zhenchuan and Wang Fuzhi. There are also honorifics ("private talk") given by masters and descendants after death, such as the Jing Festival of Tao Qian in the Jin Dynasty. Posthumous title, the honorary title awarded by the emperor after his death. For example, Bao Zheng in Song Dynasty called Bao Xiaosu, Yue Fei called Yue Wumu, and Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty called Ji Wenda. In addition, there are "nicknames", which are recognized by others and are descriptions and descriptions of people. For example, in Water Margin, all the 18 people in Liangshan have nicknames, and most of them accurately describe the characters' personalities, specialties or physiological characteristics. These nicknames are well known as names.
In addition to the above-mentioned characters and numbers, the names of individuals are often replaced in history:
1. Place names (including place of birth, place of residence and place of employment, etc.). For example, Kong Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty was called Kong Beihai, Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty was called Han Changli, Liu Zongyuan was called Liu Hedong or Liu Liuzhou, and Su Zhe in the Song Dynasty was called Su Luancheng. In feudal times, naming people by their places was a sign of respect, which was called "looking at the ground".
2. Official titles (including titles and titles, etc.). For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan called Ma Fubo (once General Fubo), Ban Chao called Ban Dingyuan (once sealed Dingyuan Hou), Ji Kang in the Three Kingdoms called Ji Zhongsan (once a doctor in Zhongsan), and Du Fu called Du Gongbu and Du Congyi in the Tang Dynasty (once a foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry and Zuo Congyi).
3. Take room name, fasting name, porch name and hall name as numbers. For example, the name of Wang Fu, Jiang Zhai, is taken from his room name; Xin Qiji's Jia Xuan is also taken from the room name; Su Shunqin, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in Suzhou and built Canglang Pavilion, calling himself Canglang Weng.
4. Add adjectives before surnames to refer to specific people with the same surnames. Xie Lingyun and his cousin Xie Huilian in the Southern Dynasties were both poets, known as Da and Xiao Xie. In the Tang Dynasty, Lao Du (also called Da Du) specifically refers to Du Fu, while Xiao Du specifically refers to Du Mu. Lao Su, Da Su and Xiao Su refer to Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in Song Dynasty.
5. Call specific people by several surnames. For example, "Ma Ban" (or "Ban Ma") refers to Sima Qian (author of Historical Records) and Ban Gu (author of Hanshu); Among the Tang poets, "Li Du" is Li Bai and Du Fu, and "Yuan Bai" is Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. "Han Liu" is Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. There is also the aforementioned big thank Xiao Xie collectively referred to as "two thanks", and Xie Tiao, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, collectively referred to as "three thanks"; "Er Cheng" refers specifically to the brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, scholars of the Song Dynasty; Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe are also called "Three Sus".
6. In the Tang Dynasty, people were often called by rank, name and official position. Wang Weiyou's poem "Send Yuan Er to Xi 'an" ("Advise Jun to have a glass of wine, and go out to Yangguan for no reason" is one of the famous sentences), and titles such as Answering the Twelve Kings and a suggestion to my friend liu are often seen in Tang poems, all of which are called people by their lines. For example, Li Bai is Li Twelve, Han Yu is Han Eighteen, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Eight, and Yuan Zhen is Yuan Jiu. There was also this custom in the Song Dynasty, for example, Qin Guan called Qin Qi, Ouyang Xiu called Ou Jiu, and Huang Tingjian called Huang Jiu.
References: Language Weekly.