1. Origin of the surname
The surname Hou (Hóu) has four origins:
1. It comes from the surname Si, which is named after the country. They are the descendants of Xia Yu. According to legend, some of the descendants of the Xia Hou clan were granted the title of marquis and established marquis states. Their descendants were named after the country (place) and were called the Hou clan.
2. It was directly passed down from the Yellow Emperor to the descendants of the Xuanyuan family with the Ji surname, and their surnames were based on their title. The Jin State more than 3,000 years ago in Chinese history was a feudal state ruled by Tang Shuyu, the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty. The Hou family is from the Duke of Jin. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Aihou and his younger brother were killed by Duke Wu of Jin. Their descendants moved to other countries and took the title of their ancestors as their surname.
3. From Uncle Duan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Uncle Duan of the State of Zheng was discovered by his elder brother Zhuang Gong for his intention to rebel, and he attacked him. He fled to the place where he was called Uncle Duan of Zheng. After his death, Duke Zhuang of Zheng granted his descendants the title of "Uncle Duan". *Zhong is the Hou family.
4. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, ethnic minorities changed their compound surnames to Hou surnames. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Xianbei people's surnames such as Gukou Yinshi, Hounushi, and Guyinshi were changed to Hou; in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was Hou Zhi, who was first given the surname Hou Fu, then He Tun, and finally changed to Hou; he moved south to Luoyang with Emperor Wen of Wei Among the ethnic minorities, the Hou Mo Chen family changed their surname to the Hou family.
The ancestor who got the surname: Minhou. The origin of the surname Hou can be traced back to King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. The first surname is Hou. According to the records of "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", during the Spring and Autumn Period, the descendants of Minhou of Jin State fled to other countries and took Hou as their surname. At that time, Zheng had Hou Yiduo and Hou Duoyu, Lu had Hou Shuxia and Hou Fei, Qi had Hou Chao, and Wei had Hou Ying. According to the records in the "Genesis Table of Prime Ministers in the Book of Tang Dynasty", Marquis Min of Jin was killed by Duke Wu of Jin, and his descendants fled abroad and took the title "Hou" as their surname. According to research, this branch of the Hou family is the descendant of King Wen of Zhou more than 3,000 years ago and belongs to the authentic origin. The descendants of the Gu family named Minhou as the ancestor of the surname Hou.
2. Migration Distribution
The surname Hou originated from Shanxi and Henan. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, the descendants of Uncle Duan moved to Shanggu and gradually formed a prominent family. Shanggu also became a county commander with the surname Hou. Since most of the Hou surnames originated from Uncle Duan of the Zheng royal family and Jin Minhou from the Jin royal family, the Hou surname originated from the Ji surname. Hou Fangyu, a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was born in Shangqiu (now Shangqiu County), Henan Province. He was talented in literature when he was young. He wrote "Historical Records" and organized "Fushe" and "Several Society", which were highly praised by the literati at that time. He, Fang Yizhi, Chen Zhenhui and Maonang are known as the "Four Young Masters". There are not many historical data on the migration and distribution of the Hou family, so it is difficult to investigate today. Generally speaking, the surname Hou originated in Shanxi, my country. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was spread throughout today's Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Ningxia and other provinces. Among them, Hebei has developed the most vigorously. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Hou Shu, a descendant of the Hou family, became the governor of the North and moved to Sanshui, which is today's Shaanxi. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, many new people added the Hou surname, forming a prominent family in Henan. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Hou family, like other surnames, moved to the south due to wars and spread throughout the vast areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Tang Dynasty, the Hou family began to move to Fujian, Guangdong and other places. After the Song Dynasty, the Hou family spread all over the country. Today, the surname Hou is the 82nd most common surname in mainland China and the 57th most common surname in Taiwan.
3. Historical celebrities
Hou Zhi: a native of Shangyuan, Jiangsu, a famous female writer in the Qing Dynasty, the daughter of Hou Xueshi. Many of the words she wrote are popular in the world, among which "Rebirth" is the most famous.
Hou Bai: a famous humorist in the Sui Dynasty.
Hou Jin: A native of Dunhuang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his family was poor when he was young and he worked as a servant for others, but he was very studious and would light firewood to study at night. The imperial court invited him to work many times, but he declined every time because of illness. Later he moved to the mountains and concentrated on writing. He once wrote "On Correcting the World", which satirized the ugly phenomena at that time. He also wrote "On the Emperor's Virtue" to describe the historical events of the dynasty. Hexi people respectfully call him "Hou Jun".
Hou Xun: A native of Shangqiu, Henan, he served as Minister of War and other positions in the Ming Dynasty, and was a Jinshi in Wanli. Later, there was a coup in the court and he was imprisoned.
After Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, he was the only one who used the third-rank or above officials left in the Ming Dynasty.
Hou Fangyu: A native of Shangqiu, Henan Province, he was a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty. He was once as famous as Fang Yizhi, Chen Zhencunhui and Maoxiang, and was called the "Four Young Masters" in the late Ming Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he went to Henan to take the examination and passed the secondary examination. ***Poetry, ancient prose, calligraphy learned from Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu. The famous drama "The Peach Blossom Fan" by Kong Shanren of the Qing Dynasty is based on the love story of Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun.
Hou Shuxian: A native of Xuanhuang, Fuzhou, he served as the Water Supervisor in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has made great contributions in regulating the Yellow River water many times.
Hou Youzhang: A native of Hengshan, Tanzhou, Song Dynasty, his courtesy name is Mengfu. Renzong became a Jinshi in the sixth year of Qingli. He was appointed Linwu Wei and changed to Guilin Cheng. He is honest, thrifty, unscrupulous in taking things, and has been an official for ten years. He wears common clothes and eats vegetables, and is no different from a poor scholar. A student of the same year visited him, and his friend Cong Qili made rice with vegetables. When the guests left, his son was ashamed of being poor, so Youzhang taught him that "the bandits are both generals and prime ministers, but the house has no balcony." He also wrote a poem with the line "it is better to be honest than to leave you behind", which was passed down to others.
Hou Wailu: A native of Pingyao, Shanxi (Yizuo Jiexiu). His original name was Zhaolin. Historian. Since 1922, he studied at Beijing Fasheng University and Beijing Normal University. In 1927, he went to France to study and entered the University of Paris. The next year, he joined the Communist Party of China in the European branch. He returned to China in 1930 and lost his connections with the party organization (he rejoined the party in 1951). Teach. Died in Beijing. In 1927, he began to translate "Das Kapital" (later co-translated with Wang Sihua). He is the author of "Ancient Chinese Society and Laozi", "Classical Chinese Social History", "History of Ancient Chinese Ideology", "History of Modern Chinese Ideology", "Ancient Chinese Social History", "History of Modern Chinese Philosophy", etc. , co-authored "General History of Chinese Thought" with Du Guoxiang and others, and edited "A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy", etc.
Hou Xirui: courtesy name Ai Ru (1892, 1896-1983), a Beijinger, Hui nationality, Peking Opera actor. Li Lianzhong learned from his famous name to put on a colorful face. He graduated from college at the age of 15, and became a disciple of Huang Runfu at the age of 19. He has performed with Yang Xiaolou, Mei Lanfang, Ma Lianliang and others. He is good at acting in "Dingjia Mountain", "Yangpingguan", "Naojiangzhou", "Famen Temple", etc. After the age of 40, he faced off with Hao Shoushen and Jin Shaoshan. After liberation, he taught at the Beijing Opera School and the Chinese Opera School.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Shanggu County: The county began to be established during the Yan Dynasty of the Warring States Period, and was governed in the southeast of Huailai during the Qin Dynasty. . It is equivalent to the current area of ??Baoding, Yizhou and Xuanhua in Hebei Province.
Dantu County: Dantu County was established in the Qin Dynasty and is now Dantu County in Jiangsu Province. This branch is the Shanggu County branch, and its founder is a descendant of the great Situ Houba of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Henan County: In the second year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, Sanchuan County of Qin was renamed as a county, and its governance was in Luoyang. This branch of the Hou clan was formed by the descendants of the Hou Nu clan and the Gukou Yin clan of the Xianbei tribe in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
2. Hall names
Quebi Hall and Zhaozhao Hall: These two hall names have the same origin. During the Warring States Period, the State of Qin wanted to attack the State of Zhao, and the State of Zhao So he asked Lord Xinling for help. Lord Xinling had no military talisman and could not command the army, so he took the gold coins to find Hou Ying. Hou Ying was a 71-year-old hermit, and his position was the gatekeeper of Daliang, Wei State. His family was very poor but he was determined not to want Lord Xinling's gold coins. He He came up with a plan for Lord Xinling and asked Ruji to steal the military talisman. Hou Ying introduced his friend Zhu Hai, the butcher, to participate in the army. Lord Xinling obtained Jin's soldiers and horses, defeated Qin and saved Zhao.
In addition, the main hall names of the ancestral hall of the Hou surname are: "Qinshen Hall" and so on.
============================================== =========================
General couplets for the ancestral hall with the surname Hou
〖Four words for the ancestral hall with the surname Hou General Union〗
Neon Dragon Festival;
Songhe Xianlang.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou written by an anonymous person
The Shangliandian refers to the official couplet of Hou Hongshi, the Jiedu envoy of the Tang Dynasty. Xialiandian refers to the canon of Taoist priest Daohua in the Tang Dynasty. Hou Daohua is from Ruicheng. At first, he served as the envoy of Daojingyuan.
The history of a good child can't let go of the scroll. One day I went to the market and came home drunk. He cut the pine branches in front of his courtyard and said, "Don't hinder my ascent." Seven days later, there were clouds and cranes singing on the pine trees. Dao Huafei sat on the top of the pine tree and waved his thanks.
Stealing the talisman to save Zhao;
Playing the memorial to make a marquis.
——Li Wenzheng wrote a general couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou
The first couplet says that during the Warring States Period, Hou Ying, a hermit of Wei State, was appointed as the gatekeeper of Yimen in Daliang when he was seventy years old. He was believed to be Lord Ling welcomes you as your honored guest. Later, the Qin army besieged Zhao, and Wei sent general Jin Bi to lead his troops to rescue Zhao, but the garrison troops did not dare to advance. He offered advice to Lord Xinling and managed to steal the military talisman through the King of Wei's favored concubine Ru Ji. He also recommended the warrior Zhu Hai to kill Jin Bi, seize military power, repel the Qin army, and save Zhao. Xia Lian Dian refers to Hou Ba, a native of Mi County, Henan Province in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Junfang. He once followed Fang Feng, the prefect of Jiujiang, to learn the "Huliang Spring and Autumn Annals". During the Xinmang period, the official Huaiping Dayin (prefect) killed the powerful, suppressed the powerful, and convinced the people. When the reform regime recruited him as an official, the people of Huaiping supported the old and the young to keep him, and even laid down on the road. During Liu Xiujian's reign in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was appointed as Shangshu Ling (Prime Minister). Because he was familiar with the old system, he chose the feasible item-by-item memorials from the previous legal system, and most of them were implemented. The later official was the Great Situ, and he was granted the title of Marquis within the Pass.
Nilong Jiedu;
Songhe Xianlang.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Hou written by an anonymous person
The first couplet tells that Hou Hongshi, a man from the Tang Dynasty, once dreamed that he turned into a rainbow and drank water from the river when he was a boy. A monk looked at him and said, "This is Ni (Ní sound mud) dragon!" Hou Guan Jiedushi. The lower couplet refers to Hou Daohua, a native of Ruicheng in the Tang Dynasty, who worked as a handyman at Daojingyuan in Yongle, Hezhong. He was good at reading Chinese literature and history and could not let go of the scrolls. People asked him what the use of reading this book was, and he replied: "There are no stupid immortals in the world!" People laughed after hearing this. One day, he came back drunk from the market and cut off all the pine branches in front of his yard one by one, saying: "Don't hinder my ascent!" According to legend, seven days later, clouds and cranes appeared on the pine trees, and he flew to the top of the pine tree and sat down. , waved goodbye to everyone and went away.
Neon Dragon Festival;
The giant deer is born.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou written by an anonymous person
The first couplet refers to the Shishi Dian of Hou Hong of the Tang Dynasty. Xialiandian refers to the Houba Shidian of the Western Han Dynasty.
Shanggu family background;
Qiaozhi family voice.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou
The whole couplet refers to Hou Wenhe of the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was funny and wise, and learned about the world through cleverness.
Two hundredth birthday;
The legacy of our ancestors will last forever.
——Anonymous Copy on the Gate of Qinshen Hall Ancestral Hall Surnamed Hou in Chengxi, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province
------------------- --------------------------------------------------
〖Five-Character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall with the Surname Hou〗
Welcome celebrities far away;
Government is of great benefit.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the Hou family written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the general couplet of the ancestral hall of the Hou family.
The flowers are blooming with three yangs;
The fragrance is five deep.
——Common couplet for ancestral halls with the surname Hou, written by Hou Lie of the Tang Dynasty
This couplet is a couplet from the poem "Flowers in the Forest" by Hou Lie, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Hou Lie, Gao Yizu, Hou Lie, was a Jinshi in the sixth year of Yuanhe.
The Qiong Pavilion is beautiful;
The jade chariot is stationed in the dense shade.
——General couplet of ancestral halls with the surname of Hou written by Hou Lie of the Tang Dynasty
Same as above.
--------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Six-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou〗
Fangyu's elegant name is Gongzi;
Hou Jing calls himself an emperor.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou written by an anonymous person
The first couplet indicates that Hou Fangyu, a talented man in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, studied the Chao Zong, and together with Fang Yizhi, Maoxiang and Chen Zhenhui, they were collectively known as the "Four Young Masters" ". The second Lian Dian guides the Liang Dynasty general Hou Jing, who was born in Jie. Dai Liang established the Han Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, but was soon killed.
The public produces light, the partial produces darkness;
Zhi Le Shui, Ren Le Shan.
——Guo Moruo wrote a general couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Hou.
This couplet was written by Guo Moruo in 1948 as a gift to the historian Hou Wailu.
--------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Seven-character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall with the Surname of Hou〗
The hero writes Mei Lingyan Pavilion;
Bachelor Liu Fanghan Xiang Pavilion.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou written by an unknown person
The first couplet refers to Hou Junji, the official secretary of the Tang Dynasty, who was born in Sanshui. From Taizong's conquest, he made great achievements, like Li Lingyan Pavilion. Xialiandian refers to the canon of Hou Xingguo, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty.
With Ji Yihou, I think of you far away;
From the Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it has been long.
——Anonymous Compilation of the Hou family and temple couplet in Shizihe Village, Xiyan Town, Yicheng County, Shanxi Province
This couplet refers to the Hou family’s original surname Ji, who is a descendant of Tang Shuyu. Later, "Wugong Quwo defeated him, and his descendants changed their surnames to Hou. They fled to other countries and hid in Caogong Mountain." This couplet in the Hou family temple in Shizihe Village summarizes the historical origin of the Hou family.
Thank you for coming to Sanjing friends;
Zongheng is rich in books from hundreds of cities.
——A common couplet for ancestral halls with the surname Hou, written by Hou Yinqiao of the Qing Dynasty.
This couplet is a couplet written by Hou Yinqiao, the master of Prince Chengxian in the Qing Dynasty.
The moon shines on the piano, chess, and tongs sitting in the courtyard;
The famous calligrapher and painter Mi Jia comes.
——Common couplet for ancestral halls with the surname Hou written by Hou Chanfu of the Qing Dynasty
This couplet is the couplet inscribed by Hou Chanfu, the master of Prince Chengxian in the Qing Dynasty. See "Dictionary of Chinese Couplets".
The reputation of diligent and thrifty entrepreneurs is high;
Shen is proud to be alone and travels all over the world.
——Anonymous couplet on the small door of Qin Shen Hall, an ancestral hall with the surname Hou in Chengxi, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province
This couplet is inlaid with the name of the hall "Qinshen" in a crane-top pattern.
Shen Zhai starts in Hongxingfang;
Poems and rituals are passed down in Qinshen Hall.
——Anonymous Couplet on the Small Door of Qinshen Hall Ancestral Hall Surnamed Hou in Chengxi, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province
------------------- --------------------------------------------------
〖Common couplets of more than seven words in the ancestral hall with the surname of Hou〗
Diligence and frugality are the best policies for running a family;
Careful words are good rules for training children.
——The couplet of the Qinshen Hall [bamboo carving on the pillars] of the ancestral hall of the Marquis surname in the west of Meizhou City, Guangdong Province written by an anonymous person
This couplet is inlaid with the name of the hall "Qinshen" in a crane-top pattern.
The ancestors worked hard to build the foundation;
All the descendants worked hard to revive the country.
——Anonymous copy of the couplet on the memorial tablet of Chenggang Gong, the founder of the ancestral hall of Qinshen Hall, Chengxi City, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province >
The peach blossom is in trouble, and the blood is splashed on Xiangjun.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname of the Hou surname
The first couplet refers to Hou Jitu, a Shu Han native during the Three Kingdoms period. When visiting Daci Temple, he picked up a tung leaf with a poem on it, so Hidden. Later, when I married a daughter of the Ren family, I found out that the poem on the tung leaves was written by her. The second couplet explains that Hou Fangyu, a litterateur in the late Qing and early Qing dynasties, named Chaozong, was born in Shangqiu, Henan Province. He lived in the capital with his father Hou Xun (official to the Minister of Household Affairs) in the late Ming Dynasty. He was as famous as Fang Yizhi from Tongcheng, Maoxiang from Rugao, and Chen Zhenhui from Yixing. Called "Four Young Masters". After the Qing Dynasty, he took the Henan Provincial Examination and passed the deputy list. He is capable of poetry and prose, following the example of Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu. He is talented and is the author of "Collected Works of Zhuanghuitang" and "Collected Poems of Siyitang". He once fell in love with Li Xiangjun, a famous prostitute in Qinhuai. Governor Tian relied on his power and asked Li Xiangjun to receive her. Xiangjun refused and refused until death. Blood spattered on the fan. Yang Wencong, who was the censor of Youqiandu at that time, used the blood to paint peach blossoms. The Qing Dynasty opera writer Kong Shangren wrote the legendary play "The Peach Blossom Fan" based on this story.
The grandson Guining, a descendant of the Wuzhou Hou family, celebrates his birthday;
Guests and friends from all over the world gather to wish prosperity.
——Anonymous copy of the incense case couplet in the main hall of the ancestral hall of the surname Hou in Chengxi, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province
==================== ==================================================
Appendix: Allusions and interesting stories about the surname Hou
〖Meet Zunxian〗
Hou Bai often chatted, teased and played with Shangshu Ling Yang Su. Bliss often lasts from morning until night before returning home.
One night, Hou Baigang just walked out of the gate of Shangshu Province and happened to meet Yang Xuangan, the son of Yang Su. Xuangan took Hou Bai's hand and begged: "Hou Xiucai, please come with me and tell me some interesting stories in the mansion." Hou Bai was left helpless and couldn't leave even if he wanted to, so he made up stories for Yang Xuangan A story was told:
"There was a tiger who went to the mountains to look for food. Suddenly he found a hedgehog lying on his back on the ground. He thought it was a meat ball, so he stretched out his mouth to pick it up, but unexpectedly the hedgehog caught him by the nose. , was so frightened that he turned around and ran away. After running and jumping all the way, he was already very tired and felt sleepy, so he let go of his nose. Feeling relieved, he jumped up happily. He walked to a big oak tree, looked down and saw Oak Dou, and turned sideways to Oak Dou in fright, saying, "I will meet you in the morning, please stay out of the way."
——Old title "Qi Yan Lu" by Hou Bai of the Sui Dynasty
----------------------- ------------------------------------------
〖 Bird's Nest and Calf〗
Hou Bai later became an official in the Tang Dynasty and often guessed riddles with people. Hou Bai first made three rules for everyone: "The things to be guessed must, first, be visible objects; second, they must be visible; "You can't make false explanations to confuse people; third, if you don't see this thing after explaining it, you should be punished." Then he first revealed the riddle: "The back is as big as the house, and the belly is as big as the pillow (the crossbar on the back of the car)." , the mouth is as big as the cup." Everyone guessed for a long time, but no one guessed it. They all said: "Where in the world is there an object with a mouth as big as a cup and a back as big as a house? You must follow us? Let's make a bet." After Hou Bai finished the bet with everyone, he explained: "This is a swallow's nest." Everyone suddenly laughed.
Another time, Hou Bai attended a large banquet. During the dinner, everyone asked him to make a riddle for fun. The things being guessed should neither be weird nor difficult to recognize, nor should they be abstract and unrealistic. Hou Bai responded and said, "There is something as big as a dog and very much like a cow. What is it?" Everyone kept guessing. Some said it was a deer, some said it was a deer, but everyone rejected it. Then let Hou Bai tell the answer. Hou Bai laughed loudly and said: "This is a calf."
——Old title of "Qi Yan Lu" by Hou Bai of the Sui Dynasty