Mudanjiang is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province, China. Mudanjiang City is located at 128°02′～131°18′ east longitude and 43°24′～45°59 north latitude. It is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, bordering Harbin City to the west, Russian Far East to the east, and Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province to the south. It is located in the north of Changbai Mountain, with Zhangguangcai Ridge to the west and Laoye Ridge to the east. Mudanjiang runs through the entire territory from south to north. The middle part is the Mudanjiang River Valley Basin. The entire area is characterized by rolling mountains and rivers. It is known as "nine points of mountains and rivers and one point of fields". The terrain is mainly mountains and hills, showing four geological forms: middle mountains, low mountains, hills, and valley basins. The city's average altitude is 230 meters. The highest altitude in Mudanjiang is located in Baitu Mountain in Zhangguangcai Ridge, with an altitude of 1,686.9 meters; while the lowest altitude is 86.5 meters in the border area between Suifenhe City and Russia.
Mudanjiang City and its jurisdictions such as Suifenhe, Hailin, Ning'an, Muling, Linkou, Dongning and other cities and counties are located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, adjacent to Yilan County and Qitai of Harbin City in the north. Boli County in He City borders Wuchang City, Shangzhi City and Fangzheng County of Harbin City to the west, Wangqing County and Dunhua City of Jilin Province to the south, Jixi City and Jidong County to the east, and borders Russia. The city has a total area of ??40,600 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1,351 square kilometers and the built-up area is 64.4 square kilometers. As of the end of 2006, the city's total population was 2.95 million, and the urban population was 942,000. Mudanjiang City is located in a mountainous area with complex landforms, diverse topography, dense forests, fertile land, sufficient water sources, and a suitable climate. The plain area along the river has flat terrain, concentrated and contiguous cultivated land, and good water source conditions. It is the city's main rice-producing area, among which Xiangshui rice in Bohai Town, Ning'an City is nationally renowned for its high-quality rice. There are lush forests in the mountainous areas. The city's total forest land area is 2.443 million hectares, with a forest coverage rate of 62.3%. There are more than 100 tree species in 25 families. The main high-quality woods include Korean pine, larch, sylvestris pine, spruce, fir, ash, etc. The forest area is very rich in native resources, with more than 2,200 species of wild economic plants that can be exploited, including more than 500 species of medicinal plants, with an annual storage capacity of more than 200,000 tons. The main species include ginseng, asarum, and Acanthopanax. Add, astragalus, rhododendron, schisandra, platycodon, parsnip, etc. There are more than 80 kinds of edible wild vegetables, among which mushrooms, fungus, matsutake, bracken, wisteria, and spinach sprouts are regarded as "mountain delicacies" and "natural pollution-free green food" and are popular at home and abroad. The annual reserves are 400,000 tons. There are 15 kinds of wild fruits that can be developed and utilized, including Korean pine nuts, hazelnuts, pecans, mountain grapes, and rose hips, with an annual storage capacity of 150,000 tons. In addition, there are 53 species of rare wild animals from 18 families inhabiting the forest area, including Siberian tigers, sika deer, roe deer, black bears, wild boars, and foxes. Bird resources include 48 families and 256 species. Mineral resources are relatively abundant, and the types of minerals are relatively complete, with non-metallic minerals accounting for an absolute advantage. 78 types of minerals have been discovered, including coal, gold, marble, etc. The city is rich in tourism resources. There are more than 450 developable scenic spots in the city, including about 270 natural landscapes, about 180 cultural landscapes, and 230 natural and cultural landscapes that have been developed and equipped with reception capabilities.