1. Beijing City: Abbreviated as "Beijing", taking one character from the city name.
2. Tianjin City: abbreviated as "Tianjin", taking one character from the city name.
3. The river area belongs to ancient Jizhou. The provincial capital is Shijiazhuang.
4. Shanxi Province is referred to as "Jin". The seat of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. The provincial capital is Taiyuan.
5. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: referred to as "Inner Mongolia", taking the two characters from the region name. Hohhot, the capital of the autonomous region.
6. Liaoning Province: Take the first character of the province name, abbreviated as "Liao". The provincial capital is Shenyang.
7. Jilin Province: The first character is called "Ji" for short. The provincial capital is Changchun.
8. Heilongjiang Province, abbreviated as "Hei". The provincial capital is Harbin.
9. Shanghai: referred to as "Hu" or "Shen". It is said that a section of the coastal area downstream of Wusong River (also known as Suzhou River) was called "Hudu" in ancient times, so it was shortened to "Hu"; it is also said that Chun Shenjun (Huang Xie) was sealed here during the Warring States Period, so Huangpu River was also called Chunshen River, or It is called "Shenjiang" for short, and Shanghai is called "Shen" for short.
10. Jiangsu Province: abbreviated as "Su", taking one character from the province name. The provincial capital is Nanjing.
11. Zhejiang Province: The first letter is called "Zhejiang" for short. The provincial capital is Hangzhou.
12. Anhui Province: There is Huoshan Mountain in the west, also known as Wanshan Mountain, so it is called "Wan" for short. The provincial capital is Hefei.
13. Fujian Province: referred to as "Min". "Min" may come from the local ancient ethnic name "Min", or from the local ancient country name "Min Yue", or from the largest river in the territory "Min River". The provincial capital is Fuzhou.
14. Jiangxi Province: Ganjiang River is the largest river in the province, so it is called "Gan" for short. The provincial capital is Nanchang.
15. Shandong Province: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Five Dynasties, the countries whose capitals were built west of the Taihang Mountains were called "Shandong" to the east of the Taihang Mountains. After the Jin Dynasty, "Shandong" gradually became the name of the administrative region. The State of Lu was here during the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was called "Lu" for short. The provincial capital is Jinan.
16. Henan Province: Most of its territory is south of the Yellow River, so it is called "Henan". In ancient times, it was the place of Yuzhou, so it was abbreviated as "Yu". The provincial capital is Zhengzhou.
17. Hubei Province: referred to as "E". In ancient times, it was under the jurisdiction of Ezhou, so it was called "E". The provincial capital is Wuhan.
18. Hunan Province: The Xiangjiang River runs through the entire province, so it is called "Xiang" for short. The provincial capital is Changsha.
19. Guangdong Province: In ancient times, it was the jurisdiction of Southern Guangdong, so it was referred to as "Guangdong". The provincial capital is Guangzhou.
20. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: During the Qin Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Guilin County, so it was referred to as "Gui". Nanning, the capital of the autonomous region.
21. Sichuan Province: In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chuanxia Si Road was established in the east, which was later referred to as "Sichuan". It is still used today. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Shu Kingdom was here. During the Warring States Period, it was annexed by Qin and established Shu County, so it was shortened to "Shu". The abbreviation "Chuan" is taken from the word "Sichuan". The provincial capital is Chengdu.
22. Guizhou Province: The Chief Secretary of Guizhou was established in the Ming Dynasty. The name of the province was derived from the Sutra, which was referred to as "Gui". In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qianzhong County, and in the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Qianzhong Road, so it was also referred to as "Qian". The provincial capital is Guiyang.
23. Yunnan Province: The province is named after it is located to the south of Yunling, referred to as "Yun". During the Warring States Period, the eastern part of the territory was under the jurisdiction of the Dian State, or it was referred to as "Dian" because of the famous Dian Lake in Yunnan. The provincial capital is Kunming.
24. Tibet Autonomous Region: referred to as "Tibet". Lhasa, the capital of the autonomous region.
25. Shaanxi Province: During the Warring States Period, most of the territory belonged to the Qin State, so it was referred to as "Qin", and the provincial capital was Xi'an.
26. Gansu Province: In the past, the province was named after the first characters of Ganzhou and Lizhou, abbreviated as "Gan". Most of the area within the territory was under the jurisdiction of the ancient Longxi County, so it was also referred to as "Long". The provincial capital is Lanzhou.
27. Qinghai Province: referred to as "Qing". The name of the province is derived from the Qinghai Lake in the territory, and the first letter of the province name is used as the abbreviation. The provincial capital is Xining.
28. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region: referred to as "Ning". Yinchuan is the capital of the autonomous region.
29. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: referred to as "Xin". Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region.
30. Hainan Province: It is a newly established province. Originally a region in Guangdong Province, it is the second largest island in my country. Because the Ming Dynasty established Qiongzhou Prefecture here, which governed the entire Hainan Island, it was referred to as "Qiong". The provincial capital is Haikou City.
31. Taiwan Province: referred to as "Taiwan". The provincial capital is Taipei.
Extended information:
Province refers to the name of the People's Republic of China and the national first-level local administrative region.
The provincial system implemented in the Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of modern provincial-level administrative regions. Provinces were local agencies of the central administrative agency Zhongshu Sheng, and their full name was "Xing Zhongshu Sheng". The hinterland area (today's Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia) was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province. At that time, there were 10 provinces in the country, 1 area under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province, and 1 area under the jurisdiction of Xuanzheng Yuan.
The Ming Dynasty initially followed the Yuan system, but later divided the provinces into three because they had too much power. The Department of Proclamation and Administrative Affairs, the Department of Punishment and Prosecution, and the Department of Capital Command and Envoys are collectively referred to as the "three departments". They are all the highest agencies in provincial-level administrative regions and control administrative, judicial, and military powers respectively. At that time, there were 14 chief envoys, 2 Zhili regions and other border administrative regions in the country.
The Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming Dynasty system and retained the respective administrative envoys. However, the areas under the administrative envoys' jurisdiction were directly referred to as "provinces", and fixed governors and governors were set up above the administrative envoys of each province. In charge of the military and civilian affairs of the province, the chief envoy became a subordinate officer of the governor. At that time, there were 18 chief ministers (provinces) and 25 provincial-level administrative regions in the country.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the first-level local administrative units across the country were once large administrative regions. After many changes, they basically stabilized in 1965; Tianjin City was established in 1967 and Tianjin City was established in 1988. Hainan Province established Chongqing City in 1997, recovered Hong Kong in the same year, and recovered Macau in 1999. At present, there are 34 provincial-level administrative regions in the country.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Province