What is the author, background and summary of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals?

The book Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was written by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, who collected his guests and compiled the theory of a hundred schools of thought and nine schools of thought. The book was written around 239 BC. As for the process of the book "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", according to the Biography of Historical Records and Lv Buwei, during the Warring States Period, Wei You believed in Ling Jun, Chu You Shen Jun, Zhao You Ping Yuan Jun and Qi You Meng Changjun, all of whom were famous for their favorite guests. When Lv Buwei was in Qin Dynasty, he felt that it was a shame that he was not as good as the Four Childes because of the strength of Qin State, so he made great efforts to treat him well and raised three thousand people. At that time, there were many debaters, such as Xun Qing and others, whose titles were famous all over the world. Lv Buwei also asked his disciples to write down their own knowledge, and set them as Eight Outlooks, Six Theories and Twelve Dynasties. * * * There were more than 2 thousand words, thinking that they could prepare the theory of all things in the world, and named it "Lushi Chunqiu" and published it at Xianyang City Gate, and the princes and tourists could increase or decrease one. Lv Buwei also declared with confidence in the book "Preface": "Those who are in the twelfth century, therefore, rule the chaos and survive, so they know the good and bad luck of longevity and death. If you go to the heaven, the place for the next inspection, and the person in the middle trial, if this is the case, you must be omnipotent. " From this point of view, the writing of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is the product of Lv Buwei's cultural and ideological struggle with the vassals, which may include Lv Buwei's intention to make theoretical preparations for the unification of the Qin Dynasty. The thought of "Lv Chunqiu" criticized the thoughts of pre-Qin philosophers in a summative way. The article "Buer" says: "Lao Dan is noble, Confucius is noble, Mo Zhai is noble, Guan Yin is noble, Liezi is noble, Chen Pian is noble, Yang is noble, Sun Bin is noble, Wang Liao is noble, and Ni Liang is noble." It believes that these different ideas should be unified, "one rule, different is chaotic;" One is safe, and the other is dangerous. " ("Bu Er") Only after the thought is unified can we "be different, be stupid and clumsy, and do our best, like a hole." The process of unification is actually a process of critical absorption. Therefore, Lv Chunqiu reformed, developed and abandoned all the thoughts. For example, Confucianism advocated the maintenance of monarchical power, which was absorbed by Lu Chunqiu, but it appeared in a unique way. It advocates supporting the new "son of heaven", that is, establishing a feudal centralized state. It said: "This week, the room is in disaster, but the son of heaven has disappeared, and the chaos is greater than no son of heaven." ("Listen"): "There must be a son of heaven in the world, so if there is one, the son of heaven must hold one, so it is also awkward. One cure, two chaos. " (Zhi Yi)

Confucius advocated maintaining the unification of the Zhou Dynasty, but did not emphasize the problem of autocracy. However, Lv Chunqiu had such concepts as Zhi Yi and Ba. "Holding one" and "holding one" are centralization. This is the development of pre-Qin Confucianism. Another example is the Mohist thought. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals agrees with the concept of "saving burial" advocated by Mozi, so it criticizes the atmosphere of heavy burial at that time: "The more extravagant it is, the more worried it is for the dead, and the living will respect each other." Those who are extravagant are proud, those who are frugal are humble, so as not to die, but to be praised by the living. However, Mozi advocated "non-attack", that is, opposing war. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" refuted this: "There is no such thing as punishing injustice without attacking the road. If you attack the meaning of cutting without a way, you will be blessed with great happiness, and you will benefit from it. Those who are forbidden are righteous and righteous, and they are also guilty of doing things in Tang and Wu. " (Vibration of Chaos) Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals advocates the promotion of "righteous soldiers". "When the righteous soldiers arrive, the people of neighboring countries will return to the flowing water. If the people of the country are respected by their parents, they will be far away and won by the people, and the soldiers will not meet the blade, while the people will serve." ("Huai Chong") Lu Chunqiu believes that it is meaningless and wrong to blindly oppose war. A just war, that is, a war of "attacking the unjust without morality", can not only eliminate violence, but also win the heartfelt support of the people. This is actually a defense for Qin's war to unify China.

On the issue of the origin of matter, Lv Chunqiu took the "essence" theory of Song and Yin School and reformed it. Song-Yin school thought: "Everything is fine, and this is for a living, with grains under it and stars above it." And "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Everything is made in Taiyi and transformed into Yin and Yang." ("Da Le") That is to say, "Taiyi" is the origin of all things, and everything in the world is derived from "Taiyi" and changed from Yin and Yang. What is "Taiyi"? It said: "Those who are also Tao can't see it, but can't hear it, and they can't be shaped ... Those who are also Tao can't be shaped, and they can't be named. Strong for it, that is too one. "Tao" is "Taiyi" and "Taiyi" is "essence". From the discussion here, we can clearly see the influence of Laozi. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals holds that everything derived from "essence" (Tao) is constantly moving, "changing with things, but never ending in poverty". ("Xiaxian") The sun and the stars in the sky and the spring water on the ground are constantly moving. "The sky is high, and the sun, the moon and the stars have never stopped raining. The land is big, and the bare scales of the spring grass have never stopped. " (Watch the Table) But it is worth noting that "Lv Chunqiu" regards the movement of matter as a cyclical process. "When things move, they sprout; when they sprout, they grow, grow and grow; when they grow, they grow; when they grow, they decline; when they decline, they kill; when they kill, they hide; and when they die, they gain enlightenment."

In the view of social history, Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals holds that history is constantly developing: "What is present is ancient, what is ancient is future generations. What is today for later generations is still today for the ancient times. Therefore, if you know the present, you can know the ancient times, and if you know the ancient times, you can know the past, the past and the present. " ("Long View") That is to say, the development of history is linked by one link, and those who look at today will still look at the present, and there is no such thing as the past. Understanding the past helps to understand today. However, understanding the past does not mean sticking to it. On the contrary, when the times change, the corresponding laws, regulations and policies should also be changed to meet the needs of the times: "If you can't, it will be chaotic, and if you obey the law, it will be contradictory; Rebellion can't hold the country. The world has changed, and it is appropriate to change the law ... Therefore, everything must follow the law, and those who change the law will change according to the times. " It also uses two fables to illustrate this truth: the Chu people have waded into the river, and their swords fell into the water from the boat, saying, "It was my sword that fell." Stop the boat, from what it has contracted, and enter the water for it. The boat has done it, but the sword can't. If you save the sword, it's not confusing! Jing people want to attack the song dynasty, so that people can show their water first. The drowning is beneficial, and the Jing people know it. They follow the table and wade at night. More than a thousand people drowned, and the army was surprised and bad. These two fables can be found in Cha Jin. The former is the familiar "carving a boat for a sword". These two fables satirize people who are stuck in the mud and don't know how to change, which also vividly shows the historical view of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals.

Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals inherited Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thought of inaction, arguing that the consolidation of political power lies in quietism, and that "there is a master of Tao, so it is not done" and "waiting for nothing". ("Knowledge Degree"), only this kind of "inaction" and "virtual quietness" can achieve the free state of doing nothing and doing everything.

Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals also shows some musical aesthetic thoughts. It links the production of music with all things in the universe, puts forward that "born in measurement, born in Taiyi" (Tai Yue), and discusses the psychological process of music production from the inductive relationship between "mind" and "thing". The concept of "fitness" is put forward, and it is emphasized that the sound "fitness" and the mind "fitness" can get the feeling of beauty.