Describing his family, Li He said, "I live in a house on the mountain with an acre of land. The night rain calls the renter, and the sound is dark. " ("Send the Wei brothers into the customs") Father Li Jinsu was hired as a "border resident" in his early years. In the third year of Dali (768), I went to work in Shu. He once met his cousin Du Fu in the police, and he has been "wandering" all his life. During the Zhenyuan period when Li He was born, Jin Su was slightly promoted and became the magistrate of Shaanxi County, but he died of old age soon. Mother Zheng gave birth to a daughter and two sons, who live in Changgu. After the eldest daughter got married, the family became poorer. Li He and his two brothers went out to make a living and wanted to fill their stomachs. "If you want to see thousands of miles away, you are willing to beat millet" ("Two Poems of Mourning in Little Season to Send Lushan Mountain"), which is desolate, can be seen here.
Li He was thin from childhood, with long eyebrows and claws, and his appearance was very distinctive. He is very clever. He can write poems at the age of seven and is good at "speed reading". According to legend, Li He was seven years old in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (AD 796). When Han Yu and Huang Fushi visited, Li He wrote a poem "Gao Xuan Guo", which surprised Han Yu and Huang Fushi. Li He became famous in Luo Jing. Li He, a little older, rode a donkey to find a sentence during the day, explored the bag at dusk, and burned ointment. He worked very hard. Li Shangyin wrote a short biography and said, "When Heng was a child, he teased slaves, rode a huge donkey and carried an old backpack. When he got something, he threw the book into his bag and returned at dusk. His wife asked the maid to take it out. When she saw many books, she said,' It was my ear that vomited!' "。 In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), fifteen-year-old Li He had become a minor celebrity in Beijing, and Li Yi became famous.
Tang Shunzong Yong Zhenyuan years (805), Li He was sixteen years old. In those days, Shunzong succeeded to the throne in spite of illness (stroke), and Wang and Wei Zhiyi were appointed to get rid of the disadvantages and bring forth the new, which is called Yongzhen innovation in history. In August, eunuchs and literary talents colluded with aristocratic bureaucrats to change Yuan Yongzhen, forcing Shunzong to abdicate due to illness, and the New Deal failed. The following year, Shunzong died of illness. Tang people (Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, etc. There is an allusion in their poems that Shunzong did not die of illness, but was killed. When Li He became an adult, he learned about it and wrote a satirical "Han Drinking Song". In the second year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 807), Li He was about eighteen years old, that is, the title of the poem was widely circulated. In the third and fourth years of Yuanhe (AD 808-809), Li He wrote "Wild Goose Gate" to pay tribute to Han Yu. It was said that Han Yu was in Luoyang, and Li He went to pay tribute. It is said that Han Yu and Huang Fushi once paid a return visit together and wrote the famous poem "Gao Xuan Guo". I could have risen to the top of my family, but I was "not weak then", that is, my father lost me. At that time, the funeral was limited to three years, so it was not until the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10) that Han Yucai and Li Heshu advised him to take the Jinshi exam. In the early winter of that year, Li He, 2 1 year-old, took part in the room-style host, and Han Yu took part in the Henan government test, and made "Henan government test in December, the music words leap over the moon", which won in one fell swoop and went to Chang 'an to study at the end of the year. However, when the fan is off, every dog can't meet him. People who are jealous of talents spread rumors that Li He's father's names "Jin Su", "Jin" and "Jin" are "disrespectful". Although Han Yu defended him with "quality is in the law" and "recorded in the canon", he was helpless and Li He had to leave the hospital angrily. In the spring of the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), Li He, aged 19, left Beijing and returned to Changgu to write and leave the city. In that year 10, he went west to Chang 'an again. Stopped in Luoyang, Han Yu and Huang Fushi visited and asked who was the last to come. Li He thanked them for their "Gao Xuanguo". 10 14, Li He bid farewell to his predecessors in the courtyard of Renhe Li Fang, Luoyang, and wrote "Renhe Huangfu's Family".
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), Li He was twenty-one, and Han Yu was transferred to Henan Order (Henan Prefecture, which governs Luoyang). There is a poem "Yan Henan Mansion Scholar", in which "I only want to write articles, but dare not envy and argue". It may be that I feel sorry for the unfortunate experience of Li He before and advise this year's candidates.
It was a heavy blow to Li He that he failed to get into the Jinshi exam. He wrote many poems to express his anger and returned to Nagaya that year. About because he is a descendant of Li Tang's imperial clan, and Han Yu won the prize for it, in May of Yuanhe six years (8 1 1), Li He returned to Chang 'an and was recommended by the imperial clan. After the examination, his father's shadow became an official, and he was appointed as a gift lang. After that, he was imprisoned in Chang 'an for three years. As an official for three years, Li He personally experienced, heard and witnessed many things, made a group of like-minded friends and had a deep understanding of the social situation at that time. Although my personal life is not satisfactory, I have created a series of poems that reflect reality and lash out at the darkness. Although the mood here is "like a dog", it has increased life experience, expanded knowledge and gained great gains in poetry creation. The so-called congratulatory poems "deeply stab the disadvantages of the present world and reach the point of seclusion" (Wen Yao's Ci in Qing Dynasty), most of which were produced in this period. His prominent position in the poetry circle of the middle Tang Dynasty and even the whole literary world of the Tang Dynasty should be said to be mainly laid by nearly 60 works created during this period. According to Du Zai, there are 233 poems by Li He, all edited by himself and kept by Shen, a bachelor of Jixian County. There are 220 songs in four volumes after the Song Dynasty (all scholars in ancient and modern times mistakenly wrote 2 19 songs). Later, Wu Zhengzi made a note in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Bao Qin's only version, he added a volume. The records of Tang and Song Dynasties are all called five volumes of congratulatory poems. The poem Yan Men Tai Shou Xing was included in the reading and appreciation of Unit 6 in the last semester of Grade 8 of Chinese published by Jiangsu Education Press, and it is one of the five ancient poems in Lesson 25 of Grade 7 of Chinese. Li Ping's Poetry Talk was selected as an elective course of Chinese in China Ancient Poetry Appreciation published by People's Education Press.
Li He devoted his life to poetry. His poems include four aspects:
Borrowing the ancient to satirize the present theme.
His writing of this kind of works has a certain realistic foundation. He lived in Changgu in his early years, near the road from Luoyang to Chang 'an, and the traffic had to pass through, which made him aware of the heavy exploitation of the people and the lewdness of the ruling class. Later, the capital traveled north and south, and the decadent and extravagant aristocratic bureaucrats, incompetent eunuch groups, the disaster of the country and the people in the buffer region, the rampage of corrupt officials and the suffering of the lower class further aroused the poet's indignation. Li He's poems reflect a wide range of social life, some express current affairs directly, and some borrow ancient times to stab the present:
4) attack Yongzheng Palace, such as "Han Tangji Drinking Song";
(2) Criticize Tang Xianzong's obsession with superstition and pursuit of immortality, such as immortals, messengers of Kunlun, immortals, bitter days and short days, Guan Jie drums, etc.
(3) those who support centralization and oppose the separatist regime in the buffer region, such as the drinking of the king of Qin, the satrap of Yanmen, the storytelling effect of the boy in ancient Yecheng, RoyceWong stabbed Cao to death, and so on;
(4) Expose the country and people of the buffer region, such as "Tiger" and "unable to go public";
(5) Those that reflect the arrogance and extravagance of the rich and powerful, such as Ronghua Le, Qin Gong Shi, Peony Divine Comedy, Sleeping at Night, Nocturnal Songs of the Noble Son, Ridiculous Boys on the Balcony, and Ancient Sorrow;
⑥ satirize the incompetent eunuchs, such as General Lu's Song of Five Ironies (Part II) and Six Ironies (Parts II and IV); (7) Those who reflect the intrusion of frontier enemies and the hard life of enemy fighters, such as Moduolouzi;
(8) Expose the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, such as The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs and The Five Senses of Irony (I);
Pet-name ruby sympathize with concubines' miserable life, such as "red wag" and "openness";
Attending to reflect the military activities of Huang Jiadong and other ethnic minorities.
Passionate lyrical theme
Li He has a positive political embrace of using the world. Although he is depressed because of his career difficulties and illness, "I am not satisfied with my twenties, and I am worried that I will repay my kindness like a withered orchid" ("The next elegy"), there are also many poems that reflect my dissatisfaction with the official life of "the male and female servants are gaseous and just want to take a dustpan and broom", showing the injustice of "the old man in the wasteland is ignorant"; Unwilling to sink, he issued the grandiloquence that "a man's heart is not poor, and glory is not equal to anger" and "a young man's heart is like a cloud, who will sit cold and blare", which is even more full of grandiloquence that "why not take Wu Gou and accept fifty states in Guanshan alone". Gifts for Shen Ya, Wild Songs and Hotels are representative works in this field.
Fairy and ghost theme
With the wings of imagination and passionate romantic feelings, Chang Ji described the realm of immortals, the mythical figures such as the Queen Mother and Chang 'e, and the celestial phenomena such as the Milky Way and the Moon Palace, which appeared in masterpieces such as Ballads in the Sky and Dreaming of Heaven, and were extremely fantastic. However, there is another terrible description of the ghost world in Chang Ji's poems: "A ghost lamp is like a lacquer pine flower" (Walking in Nanshan Field), "Ghost rain scatters all the grass" (the third of Five Ironies), "Ghosts in autumn graves sing treasure poems and hate blood for thousands of years" (Qiu Lai), and "A hundred-year-old owl becomes charming and laughs and rises to a blue fire nest" in Li He's poems. Poems such as "The Peach Blossom of the Empress Dowager is a thousand times red, and Peng Zu Wu Xian died several times" ("Hao Ge") affirmed the changes of all things and pointed out the natural laws of vicissitudes and birth and death. Poems such as "Immortal" and "Bitter Days are Short" directly describe the imaginary birthdays of ghosts and gods, pointing at Tang Xianzong, who doesn't care about ghosts and gods, and attacking the absurdity of his pursuit of immortality. Du Mu said: "Stubborn and stubborn, it is not enough to complain about sadness" and "furtive, it is not enough to be absurd and illusory" ("Li Changji's Poems"), which is the general comment on this kind of poems.
His poems include: The Soul of Chu Seeking Dreams (Wushan Gao), Ouch to the Autumn Suburb of Guimu (Song of Zhengzi Sword in Spring Square), Ghost Lights Like Painting Pine Flowers (Hangzhou in the South Mountain), Cyclone Ring of Paper Money (Fairy Song) and Return Air to See the Guests off and Blow the Yin Fire (Changping Arrow). Cold stream carving, legal day. "This view is too narrow. Li He's writing about ghosts is not so much a manifestation of self-awareness, but rather the result of his rebellious psychology.
Other subjects, such as chanting.
Among them, such as Li Ping's quotations, Shen's songs and piano music. Through the strange imagination and metaphor of "rock-breaking", this paper describes the superb skills and touching musical beauty of musicians, expresses the author's embrace and gives people a deep feeling. Yang Sheng's Song of Blue and White Purple Stone Inks praised the ingenious workmanship of the working people. The Man in Luofushan and Gepian describes the stunt of the old weaver girl weaving rain to cut Hunan. There are also "four new bamboo shoots in Changgu North Garden" to praise youthful vitality with bamboo shoots; Poetry of Twenty-three Horses (Dragon Ridge Belongs to Horses) reflects real politics and expresses the author's anger by chanting horses. The last two groups of poems also use quatrains that Li He usually doesn't use. This kind of poems generally shows the breadth of Li He's poems and the depth of his thoughts. And works like "Beauty Combs Her Hair Song" reflect the author's attitude towards the life of aristocratic women (when newlyweds describe their wives).