Methods of Chinese learning and memory
In the process of Chinese learning, there are many knowledge concepts and related content that need to be memorized. There are many methods of Chinese language memory, and different memory methods should be used for different contents.
1. Mechanical memory method
This memory method is suitable for memorizing unrelated, scattered and isolated knowledge points. For Chinese, mechanical memory methods are often used when other memory methods are not easy to use for new characters, words, common knowledge of writers' works, individual styles, grammar, rhetorical concepts, etc. in the text.
2. Comprehension and memory method
In Chinese language learning, whether it is the mastery of words or the mastery of various concepts, understanding is inseparable, and we should grasp the characteristics , memorize on the basis of understanding the essence. For example: "Xian", "Qian", "Qian", "Stack". According to the phonetic part, we can know that their pronunciation is roughly similar to "Gejian". According to the shape part, we can know that their meaning and content are respectively the same as "Silk". ", "gold", "water", "wood" and other things related. For another example, if you understand the relationship between the description of the environment and the portrayal of characters in a novel, you can consider the relationship between describing the scene and describing the person from the perspective of "explaining the background, rendering the atmosphere, setting off the characters, and promoting the plot" based on the specific content of a certain paragraph. relationship.
3. Associative memory method
There are many ways to associate, and you can make horizontal related associations. For example, from a writer, you can associate it with the dynasty, works, sources, and opinions about this writer. Evaluations of writers, etc.; from a dynasty, one can associate writers, works, background of the times, style of works, etc. of the same generation with him. Vertical associations can also be made. For example, a work can be associated with its style, content, theme, writing techniques, famous sayings, etc.; the function of the preposition can be associated with the characteristics of the preposition phrase, and then the "preposition" can be associated with it. Phrases generally serve as adverbials or complements in sentences," methods of dividing sentence components, etc. Using the method of associative memory, we can connect a lot of knowledge and run it through a line to form a knowledge network, which makes it easier for us to follow the clues when memorizing knowledge and remember the relevant knowledge learned from here to there.
4. Comparative memory method
The comparative memory method has a wide range of applications. For example: in rhetoric learning, you can compare metaphor with personification and hyperbole, comparison with parallelism and repetition, and comparison with rhetorical questions; in grammar learning, you can compare the attributive before the object with the complement after the predicate. ; In classical Chinese learning, you can compare the meaning and function of the same word in different contexts...
For example, to remember the functions of narrative and argumentative expressions in different styles, it will be much easier to use the list comparison method to compare and memorize. Take a look at the table below:
The expression method of narrative and the characteristics of the expression method of discussion. Explain the basic situation of people and things (summary or detailed description). Express the author’s opinions and opinions on people or things (directly talk about opinions or provide complete explanations). process). Write about people and events in narratives to express emotions. Express your opinions, reveal the meaning, and play the finishing touch. Provide factual arguments in the argumentative essay to prove the central argument (factual arguments, examples). Speech and reasoning, prove the central argument (with a complete argument process), and convince people with reason.
5. Formula memory method
The application range of formula memory is very wide. Here are a few examples to illustrate.
(1) Use the formula to memorize similar characters and easy-to-miss characters
For example, use the formula "Hengxu Xū dot 戍 shù Wu wù hollow, cross to read Rong róng" Remember the four close characters "Xu, Shu, Wu, Rong"; use "Wang Ji went to the Summer Palace, the crowd was bustling" to remember the three special radical characters "Ji, Yi, Xi"; use "Tiger is cruel" , the tiger’s claws are outward” to remember the special way of writing the lower part of the word “abuse”.
(2) Use formulas to memorize grammatical knowledge
For example: you can use the formulas of "noun, verb, quantifier, and subtitles to help sigh onomatopoeia" to memorize 6 types of content words Function words of the latter category; you can use the formula "the adverb is placed before the verb, and the preposition comes before the noun" to remember the difference between adverbs and prepositions; you can use the formula "the interjection is at the beginning of the sentence, and the auxiliary is at the end of the sentence" Remember the difference between interjections and modal particles; you can use the formula "the attributive must be before the subject and object, the predicate adverbial predicate predicate and the complement; the predicate of '', the prefix of '地', and the complement of 'de'" Remember how to divide the components of a single sentence.
(3) Use formulas to memorize classical Chinese knowledge
For example, you can use "'is so' is 'so', 'so' is 'therefore'", "'Why 'Yes' Yi He', 'Yi He' Why' to remember the translation method of "Yes" and "Yi He"; you can use the formula of "disconnect the subject and predicate, disconnect the pronoun" to remember the classical Chinese reading aloud Reasonable pauses in the text; you can use the formula of "literal translation, opposite translation and free translation, supplementation and omission of tone and word order" to remember the general translation methods of classical Chinese.
(4) Use formulas to memorize some effective reading analysis methods
For example: you can use the formula "the original meaning is extended to the contextual meaning, and the analysis is combined with the center" to remember the reading analysis. Analysis methods of key words in sentences; use the formula of "characteristics and functions of sentence patterns, combined with center and context" to remember the analysis methods of the meanings and functions of different sentence patterns or different rhetorical sentences. Use the formula of "total points, time and space logic, central sentence, and self-summary" to remember the basics of analyzing the paragraph structure of expository texts and summarizing the meaning of paragraphs and layers.
The above methods are all based on the premise that you need to read quickly. Only by reading quickly can you be highly concentrated and achieve efficient memory.