Want to know the origin of your surname? Do you get tongue-tied when people ask you how you got your surname?
years (Ni? N) There are four surnames:
According to the historical book Road History, Qi Taigong was followed by Nian Shi.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of Qi, Qi Xianggong Jiang Zhuer (reigned from 697 BC to 687 BC), was a fatuous and dissolute monarch. When he was a prince, he had an affair with his sister Ai Jiang. Later, Ai Jiang married Lu Huangong Jiyun (Ji Gui), and soon, Lu Huangong went to the province of Qi, when Qi Xianggong had succeeded to the throne, and he took advantage of this opportunity to commit adultery with Ai Jiang in the palace. Later, this incident was discovered by Lu Huangong, and Qi Xianggong was afraid of the scandal, so he assassinated Lu Huangong, but it was still known by Dr. Qi and Qi Xianggong's uncle Jiang Yizhong.
Fortunately, Jiang Xiaobai, the son of Qi Ligong, who succeeded to the throne in the 12th year of Ji Wang in Zhouzhuang (685 BC), was very wise. With the help of a group of wise ministers such as Guan Zhong, Bao Shuya and Zhao Hu, Qi turned the corner and quickly became strong. Jiang Xiaobai was the first overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong.
According to legend, Qi Huangong thought that it was a bad omen that Duke Li of Qi was killed only one month after he became a monarch. In order to ward off evil spirits, he took the word Nian in the name of the former wise minister and grandfather Jiang Yizhong as the surname of his descendants, and called it Nian Shi, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and history has called Nian Shi authentic.
Most clan members in Nian revered Jiang Xiaobai as their ancestor.
the second origin: it originated from the Qidan nationality, from the Yaoti tribe alliance of the Qidan nationality in the Tang Dynasty, and it belongs to the clan name changed from Chinese to surname.
during the Tang dynasty, there was a remote tribe of the qidan nationality.
the qidan nationality was originally a branch of Xianbei in the east. In 344 AD, the Qianyan regime established by the Murong Department of Xianbei broke through Yuwen Department, and the Khitan was split from Xianbei nationality, and then nomadic, along the Huanghe River and Tuhe River.
in the northern dynasty, the qidan was divided into eight parts, and in the sui and Tang dynasties it was divided into ten parts. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan people formed a unified Dahe alliance. At that time, the northern grassland Turks dominated, and the Khitan chieftain turned to surrender between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks. After Emperor Taizong's reign of Li Shimin Zhenguan, the Chief of Dahe Alliance led the Ministry, and Emperor Taizong set up the Songmo Dufu, and each part of it set up ten states. He was given the title of Songmo Dufu, and gave the surname Li.
After the collapse of the Dahe clan alliance, the Khitan people established a pro-Turkic Yaoti clan alliance, and the leader began to call Khan, which was attached to the post-Turkic khanate. Until (AD 745), the post-Turkic khanate was destroyed by the Uighur people, and the Khitan people were ruled by the Uighur khanate for the next hundred years.
In the reign of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, when Shao Gu was killed, Qu Lie Lie was the main one. Qu Lie was the Wakhan in Liao Shi, which was the beginning of the tribal alliance period of Yaoti. However, the stability of Yaoti's position as the leader was formed through a fierce struggle, that is, a severe contest was held between the Dahe forces who were pro-Tang at that time and the Yaoti's two aristocratic groups who were pro-Turkic. After Shao Gu was killed, Princess Donghua, Shao Gu's wife, fled to Pinglu Army of Tang Dynasty (Yingzhou, now Chaoyang, Liaoning Province), but she suddenly led her troops and threatened to surrender to the Turks.
when Tang Xuanzong learned about it, he sent a letter to the commander-in-chief of the Eight Commanders, such as Shi Zhao Hanzhang, the governor of Youzhou, to beg for it, but suddenly he could not resist and had to flee. The following year, with the help of the Turks, the tribes were once again concentrated to invade the border of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Xue Chuyu, who was a long history of Youzhou, led ten thousand riders to attack, and as a result, two members were broken and ten thousand people were killed. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was furious when he heard this. He praised Zhang Shouxuan as a long history of Youzhou, but suddenly he was frightened and retreated to the northwest. Lee Guo, who was originally the official of Songmo Doudufu, was a figure belonging to Dahe's faction. He was secretly sent to tie the knot, and when he crossed the fold, he was suddenly defeated, and the night chop was sudden, and dozens of his followers fell to the Tang Dynasty.
In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 735), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was sworn to be the king of Beiping County, and was named the governor of Songmo Prefecture, and the power returned to Dahe Group. However, Guo Zhe and others could not get the support of the ministries of the Khitan, and in the same year they were killed by the unexpected figurehead Neri (mud ceremony or Yali ceremony, Nie ceremony, the ancestor of the Liao country in later generations), and Neri Lidi Di Yi Li (Li Huaixiu) was the resistance to Khan in the afternoon, and Yao Ti's family regained power. In the 4th year of Tang Tianbao (A.D. 745), Xuan Neri and others were no longer close to the backward Turks, but attached to the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong worshipped Li Huaixiu as the commander-in-chief of Songmo, made him the king of Chongshun, and married the princess Jingle with a single daughter from the imperial clan. After Li Huaixiu became the Khitan Khan, Yao Ti's position as the leader of the Khitan ministries was stabilized.
In the third year of Zhao Zhenqing's reign in Song Renzong (in the 13th year of Yeluzong's reign in Liao Xing, in 144 AD), Xiao Hanjia, a member of Nieci tribe, went to Yeluzong's reign in Liao Sheng, and said, "After I heard that the ancestors were far away from Khan's depression, my country was completely lost; Since the retreat from Yan Yali, I have blocked the afternoon, and the big position will be decided.
During the period when Yao Ti's family controlled the Khitan nationality, the Khitan society was still divided into eight parts. After several reorganizations, the names before and after were almost completely different. In Liao History, it was recorded that there were eight Yao's families and twenty Yao's families who blocked the Khan in the afternoon. In fact, there were only eight tribes before and after Yao's alliance. This is due to the fact that the remote chieftain was followed by the Turkic, and the author of Liao History did not distinguish tribes, clans or distinguished families clearly.
after Li Wanrong's Yingzhou Rebellion failed, the Khitan people killed each other, which led to the disintegration of the tribe and the depletion of the clan, and only five were left. Its names are: Danli Jiebu, B-room Huobu, Real Huobu, Nawei, Frequency Wubu, Nahui Chicken Bu, Jijie Bu and Xixi Bu, which are the first eight, with a short existence time and only a few years left; After that, the eight departments reorganized again were the last eight departments, namely, overlapping thorn department, second room department, quality department, special department, black stirrup department, sudden product department, pinching thorn department and sudden lifting department. From the name point of view, there is no connection between the first eight parts and the last eight parts except that the names of the living part of room B and the part of room B are close, which may be the same part.
The living areas of the Khitan people in the remote period were very different. The early period did not seem to exceed the scope of the Dahe period, which lasted for about one hundred years. By the second half of the ninth century (from the reign of Emperor Xiantong to the reign of Emperor Guangqi), the sphere of influence had been expanded in the north, south and west, reaching Taoerhe area in the lower reaches of Nenjiang River in the north and Youji and Jiyu areas in the south, and being controlled by Xiren in the west. Geographical Records of Liao History claims that it dates back to the Five Dynasties, and the land was 3, miles from east to west, which was 2, miles more than that in Dahe period, obviously much larger.
According to historical records, the old custom of Qidan is that it is rich with horses, and it is strong with soldiers, and it is used for daily use, which shows that the animal husbandry production in Qidan has developed greatly during the reign of Yaoti, and the hunting industry is still a department of social production. Since the middle of the ninth century. The grandfather of Yelubaoji, the ancestor of Liao Taizu, taught the people to cultivate in a practical way, which was the beginning of agricultural production for the Qidan people. Handicraft production has also developed rapidly. It is said in history that Sarah, the father of Paul Machine, began to set up iron smelting and taught the people to drum casting. After Shu Lan, the uncle, took over as the ruling handle of Lala, he began to teach the people to grow mulberry, learn textile, build buildings and buy cities. At that time, it was a fact that primitive agricultural production and handicrafts were gradually increasing in Qidan society. This is not only established with the Khitan people in the near future, but also conforms to the general law of social development; It is also consistent with the fact that the aforementioned Qidan people had the strength to expand their territory after the middle of the ninth century, and the society developed rapidly since then.
In this period, the tribal organizations of Yaoti still existed, but many factors of the mechanism were in the bud, which were reflected in three main aspects:
First, the chiefs (Khan) and military leaders of the tribal alliance had been exclusively owned by the noble families. Alliance Khan, although history often pushes one adult to build a drum flag to unify eight departments, is old, or has a disaster and animal husbandry decline, then the eight departments get together and take the drum flag as the second place. Those who were replaced thought it was about this, and did not dare to fight. In fact, from the depression of Khan to the four years of God bless in Li Zhu, Tang Aidi (AD 97), Yelu Abao replaced the scar de Violet as Khitan Khan for more than 16 years, which was known as depression. He also served as a military leader, from Neri to Yelu Abaoji, and he did not leave the overlapping department, and he also served as the Yelu family. Yelv's family was also the minister of the overlapping thorn department. Facts show that what actually existed in the Khitan society during this period was a world election system that was in transition to the hereditary system of class society.
Second, officials and prisons began to appear. The emergence of Khitan social officials began in the middle of the seventh century, when the Tang Dynasty made its chieftain and Khan the secretariat and commander-in-chief. In the remote period, it was heard that the buffer region of Hebei was given the official name of Tang Dynasty, so the officials of Taishi, Taibao, Situ and Sikongshi, that is, the Qidan people themselves set up official departments. The official position in the grass-roots stage may still exist in name only, but the group of dignitaries who live above the tribal people is already forming. Punishment and prison appear when Khan is arrested in the afternoon. For example, if Khan is arrested in the afternoon, he will know Neri Xian, so that he can take charge of punishment. After Neri was ordered, in order to punish the lawbreakers, he will take the cave as a prison. Another example is the Xiao enemy Lu family, whose fifth ancestor, Hu Mu, is a prison official. At that time, the Khitan nationality had no written language, and carving wood was a deed, which was undoubtedly based on unwritten customary law. However, a new system has emerged with special personnel to perform their duties and prisons to detain offenders.
Since then, the social form of the Khitan tribe alliance of Yaoti has disintegrated from the primitive clan system, and a large number of Han cultures have begun to enter the cultural system of the Khitan nationality. The forms of ruling institutions, rules and regulations, and cultural rituals and codes have been modeled after the feudal system of the Han nationality. At that time, some of its ethnic groups took the homophonic Chinese character year of Yaoti as their Chinese surnames, called Nian Shi and Chiti, and gradually merged into it during the Song Dynasty.
the third origin: it originated from the surname Mi, and it came from the spring in the late Yuan Dynasty, and it belonged to the change of surname to surname.
in spring, his real name was Yan, and his father was a military attache in the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he was guarding Chuyang and was killed in the confrontation with the rebel army. In spring, he took refuge in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, and lived in Zhetang Village, Xujiahe, north of the county. In the early Ming Dynasty, he occupied the country, so he took the local accent as the year, and was the ancestor of Huaiyuan Nian Shi.
the representative figures of this Nian Shi clan include the famous Minister Nianfu in the Ming Dynasty, the famous Fuyuan general Nian Gengyao in the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese people and the famous people's hero Nian Siwang.
years rich, AD? ~ in 1465 ad, he was to be tested, and his words were great. He was from Huaiyuan, Anhui. According to the records in the historical book "Biography of the Year of the Ming Dynasty", the year is rich, the surname is strict, and it is mistaken for the year.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, when he was a county official, he was honest and just, and he was conscientious and active. So he was promoted to the position of minister in charge of science, left political affairs in Shaanxi, right political envoy in Henan, right deputy governor of the imperial history, right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, governor of Shandong and minister of the Ministry of Housing.
Young Fu is honest and resolute, unswerving, courageous and powerful when things go wrong, and he is called a famous minister of Daming with Wang Ao. However, he is suspicious by nature, and especially hates to do it. He is an official, so he tastes it against his will. If you want to do something, you can't say it, that is, you can't, so you can say it. However, it is precisely because of this that the traitor and corrupt officials in the court were puzzled, and they were repeatedly impeached or convicted by the rich, but there was nothing they could do.
Nianfu lived through six dynasties: Zhu Di, Zhu Gaochi, Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Qizhen, Ming Daizong, Zhu Qiyu and Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong. His descendants flourished and formed a huge Nian family, which was handed down from generation to generation.
the fourth origin: it originated from Manchu, and it belongs to sinicization and changed its surname to surname.
According to the historical book "Manchu Eight Banners' Surname in Tongzhi Clan of Qing Dynasty",
(1). The Niya clan in Manchu Dynasty, also known as Niyang Niya clan, originated from the Yaoti clan of Qidan nationality in Liao Dynasty. After the Liao Dynasty was destroyed by Jin and Song Dynasties, some ethnic groups were coerced into the Jurchen tribe and gradually merged into the Jurchen nationality. The Manchu language was Niyangniya Hala, Han.
⑵. The Zalali family of Manchu, also known as the Zhalali family and Jalalala family, originated from the old surname Zalal in Yuan Dynasty, and took the Ministry as the surname. In Manchu, Jalari Hala lived in Waerka (now from Changbai Mountain area to the north of Tumen River in the south, from Uzala in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province in the north to the south of the coastal area of Russia in the east) and Wula (now from Yongjiwula Street in Jilin Province to Huifa River mouth and mouth). Nian Shi, Zhang, Zhan, Bai, etc.