1 Chinese name:? The origin of Chinese characters
Author: Wang Ting Book Classification:? Humanities and Social Sciences Press:? China xuelin publishing house book number:? 978786682289 Release date:? May 22 Region:? Mainland languages:? Simplified Chinese
This book creates a new theory of Chinese characters-the theory of the invention of Chinese characters. Its contents are as follows: Chinese characters originated from reproductive worship culture, were invented in Taiji culture, and were created in carving, painting, tying ropes, compiling shells and so on. According to the invention theory of Chinese characters, the methods of creating Chinese characters are as follows: 1. Discovery and invention; 2. Combinatorial invention (sound, meaning, knowing); 3. Bionic invention method (pictograph); 4. Special-purpose invention law (borrowing and transferring); 5. Exaggerated invention. These five inventions are a complete history of the invention of Chinese characters. The first batch of Chinese characters were not pictographs. The "pictographers" belittled the inventive thought and scientific connotation of Chinese characters and imprisoned the intelligence of the Chinese nation. Archaeological materials confirm that Chinese characters were invented in the early Dawenkou culture with a history of more than 6,3 years. Chinese characters started human civilization.
Edit the preface of this paragraph of book catalogue. Chapter 1 of Scientific Chinese Characters? Uncover the mystery of the origin of Chinese characters. Section 1? Explain the second section a little? Theory and Method Section III? Tai Chi Diagram Archaeology Section 4? Section 5 of Archaeology of Two Instruments? Section 6 of the archaeology of the word "sheng"? Four Elephants Archaeology Section 7? Section 8 of gossip archaeology? Section 9 of Archaeology of Hutuluo Book? Xia surname Sun clan emblem Archaeology Section 1? The cultural environment of Tai Chi in ancient times Section 11? The opportunity of inventing Chinese characters and the basic characteristics of Chinese characters Chapter II? Uncover the mystery of the invention of Chinese characters. Section 12? The first pair of characters in the world-Zu He Yan Section 13? The first knowing word in the world-the fourteenth day of life? Quartet section 15? Section 16 of the four seasons? Gossip (on the wind) section 17? Gossip (in the wind) Section 18? Gossip (under the wind) Section 19? Gossip (fire) section 2? Gossip (land and water) section 21? Section 22 of the four hexagrams? Ten days' work. Section 23? Section 24 of the twelve earthly branches? Numbers section 25? Section 26 of the Book of Changes? The method of creating Chinese characters section 27? The third chapter of the general introduction? Comparative study section 28? Anti-counterfeiting of ancient Chinese characters Section 29? Comparison between the multi-source theory of Chinese characters and the invention theory of Chinese characters Chapter IV? Know the 3th section of Chinese characters? Chinese first word section 31? Distinguishing and reading the seal of pottery symbols in section 32? Oracle Bone Inscriptions explained the origin of Chinese characters after reading and editing this paragraph.
From the ancient legend of Cangjie's word-making to the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions more than 1 years ago, scholars in China have been trying to uncover the mystery of the origin of Chinese characters. On the origin of Chinese characters, there are various opinions in China ancient literature, such as "knot rope", "gossip", "picture" and "calligraphy contract", etc. Ancient books also generally record the legend of the Yellow Emperor historian Cangjie who created Chinese characters. Modern scholars believe that systematic writing tools can't be completely created by one person. If Cang Xie really exists, he should be a text organizer or publisher. The earliest symbols were carved more than 8, years ago. In recent decades, the archaeological community in China has published a series of unearthed materials related to the origin of Chinese characters earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins. These materials mainly refer to the carved or painted symbols that appeared on pottery in the late primitive society and early historical society, and also include a small number of symbols engraved on Oracle bones, jade articles, stone tools and so on. It can be said that they provide a new basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters. Through systematic investigation and comparison of the carved symbols on pottery pieces unearthed in more than 1 sites of 19 archaeological cultures all over China, Wang Yunzhi, doctoral supervisor of Zhengzhou University, believes that the earliest carved symbols in China appeared in Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan Province, with a history of more than 8, years. As a professional worker, he tried to make a comprehensive arrangement of these original materials through scientific methods, such as comprehensive use of archaeology, ancient Chinese character configuration, comparative philology, scientific archaeology and high-tech means, so as to compare some clues about the occurrence and development of Chinese characters before the Shang Dynasty. However, the situation is not so simple. Except for the existing small materials of Zhengzhou Shangcheng Site and Xiaoshuangqiao Site (which have found more than 1 cases of Zhu Shu Tao Wen in the early Shang Dynasty in recent years), other symbols before the Shang Dynasty are scattered sporadically, with many missing rings, and most of them are not in conformity with the characters of the Shang Dynasty. There are also some symbols with heavy regional colors and complex backgrounds. The Chinese character system was formally formed in the Central Plains. Wang Yunzhi believes that the formal formation of the Chinese character system should be in the Central Plains. Chinese characters are a writing system of independent origin, which does not depend on any foreign language. However, its origin is not single. After multiple and long-term running-in, probably at the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, our ancestors creatively invented a writing symbol system for recording languages on the basis of extensively absorbing and using early symbols. At that time, the Chinese character system matured rapidly. It is reported that according to the unearthed written materials of archaeological excavations, China had a formal written language at least during the Yuxia period. For example, in recent years, archaeologists have found the word "Wen" with a brush and Zhu Shu on a flat pottery pot unearthed from the Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi. These symbols belong to the basic configuration in the early writing system, but unfortunately such unearthed writing information is still rare. Characters first matured in Shang Dynasty. As far as the written materials of Yin and Shang Dynasties are known and seen, there are many types of written carriers. At that time, in addition to writing on the simplified books with a brush, other main means were carved on tortoise shells and animal bones, pottery, jade and Tao Zhu on bronzes. The written materials of Shang Dynasty, with Oracle bones and bronze ritual vessels used in Yin Ruins as the main carriers, are the earliest mature written materials discovered in China so far. The characters of Shang Dynasty reflected in the Yin Ruins not only showed a large number of characters and rich materials, but also highlighted that the way of creating characters had formed its own characteristics and laws. The structural characteristics of basic characters in Shang Dynasty can be divided into four categories: taking the physical characteristics of human body and a certain part of human body as the basis of word formation; Taking labor creation and labor object as the basis of word formation; Take the images of animals and domestic animals as the basis of word formation; Take natural images as the basis of word formation. From the cultural connotation of the configuration, the objects selected by these early mature glyphs are quite close to the social life of our ancestors and have strong realistic characteristics. At the same time, the content described by these glyphs involves all levels of people and nature, so they also have the characteristics of extensive configuration sources. These are some pictures about ancient Chinese characters
2? Chinese characters include "Wen" and "Zi". The so-called "text" is the smallest combination unit of form and meaning of Chinese characters; The so-called "characters" are all Chinese characters composed of words and words with "words" as "spelling letters". For example, "man" and "Zi" are two words. "Mi" is a pictograph of a house. As a "spelling letter" of Chinese characters, it means house. "Zi" is also pictographic, like the shape of a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes. As a "spelling letter" of Chinese characters, it means baby. The word "Zi" is a combination of "Mi" and "Zi"-having children in the house (the original meaning of "Zi" is "having children". In Yi Tun, the word "woman's chastity is not a word, and ten years is a word" is the original meaning). The reason why Chinese characters are called "Zi" is that "Zi" is bred by "Wen" and is the "Zi" whose parents are Wen. A large number of Chinese characters are composed of a limited number of "spelling letters", that is, "texts". Grasping the relationship between form and meaning of "Wen", from "Wen" to "Zi", and the interaction between "Wen" and "Zi" is one of the most fundamental inheritance laws that Chinese character teaching should follow. However, in our Chinese teaching practice for many years, the word has always been regarded as the smallest unit of meaning, and the "text" that constitutes the word, that is, the "spelling letters" of Chinese characters, has been mercilessly abandoned outside the teaching field of vision. This is one.
the ancient people summarized the methods of composing words into six types, namely, the so-called six books (actually, they can be simplified into four basic types, namely, pictographic, indicative, knowing and pictophonetic). All Chinese characters, no matter how complicated their physical differences are, are all structured according to the limited "word method"-"six books". It is also one of the most fundamental inheritance laws that Chinese character teaching should follow to master the "six books" and analyze the types of each Chinese character into "characters" according to the "word method" of structural Chinese characters. However, in our Chinese teaching practice for many years, the word has always been the smallest grammatical unit, and the method of grouping "Wen" into "Zi", that is, "Liu Shu", which represents the spelling rules of Chinese characters, has been mercilessly abandoned from the teaching field of vision. The second is.
Thirdly, most Chinese characters have multiple meanings. For example, Modern Chinese Dictionary explains the word "an", which includes "stability", "make stability", "feel satisfied with life and work" and "peace". Safety (as opposed to' danger') ","make it in a suitable position "and" installation; Establish ","add "and" save "; With (an idea, mostly bad) ","surname "and" <; Book > Interrogative pronouns "and so on. A Chinese character, no matter how many meanings it has, can be divided into two categories: original meaning and non-original meaning. "Original meaning" is the original meaning of a trinity of Chinese characters, their forms and sounds. However, no matter how many "non-original meanings" there are, except for some borrowed meanings, all of them are extended meanings directly or indirectly derived from "original meaning". It is also one of the most fundamental inheritance laws that Chinese character teaching should follow to link the glyph analysis with the original meaning of the word and clarify the logical relationship between the original meaning and the extended meanings. However, in our Chinese teaching practice for many years, we have always explained the meaning of a word in the form of "paraphrasing with the text" (that is, only the specific meaning of a word when it appears in a certain lesson text, but not the original meaning of the word and the relationship between the original meaning and the specific meaning), or even simply "replacing the word with a word" (that is, explaining the meaning of a disyllabic word instead of explaining the meaning of each word that constitutes the word), and simply ignoring the explanation of the meaning of the word.
In the past century, the lack of systematization and interest in Chinese teaching practice, and the increasing energy consumption and inefficiency of teaching effect are the inevitable consequences of the three major mistakes in Chinese teaching practice mentioned above.
It is an urgent task for Chinese teaching reform to urge Chinese teaching practice to return to the right path of following the inheritance law of Chinese teaching. Based on this understanding, in the second half of last year, I began to write the book Chinese Character DNA. In the process of writing, some colleagues told me that "Zi" is composed of "Wen", "Liu Shu" is the structural method of combining "Wen" into "Zi", and all the extended meanings are based on the original meaning ... Everyone has learned some knowledge of Chinese characters in ancient Chinese classes, but now it seems that they are not used at all; In the face of many seemingly simple commonly used words, we can only sigh at them, but we can't start to analyze them. Therefore, it would be much more convenient to have a practical book that analyzes modern commonly used Chinese characters.
what my colleagues said guided me. Therefore, as a sister volume of Chinese Character DNA, I first wrote this book "Decoupling Common Chinese Characters" to analyze 2,5 commonly used Chinese characters in the Dictionary of Modern Chinese Commonly Used Characters published by state language commission and the State Education Commission in 1988.
As a practical manual for analyzing modern commonly used Chinese characters, this book has the following characteristics:
First, based on "Wen", it focuses on analyzing the relationship between form and meaning, as well as the relationship between sound and meaning, and through the analysis of these relationships, the teaching content of Chinese characters goes deep into the "spelling letters" of Chinese characters-"Wen". Guide people to master the traditional Chinese character literacy method from "text" to "word", "text" and "word" interaction.
in the analysis of each word, the meaning of the word "Wen" is briefly explained, and the modern pronunciation of the difficult word "Wen" is marked with Chinese Pinyin. When analyzing the relationship between the form and meaning of each word, briefly explain those who have undergone major changes in the font structure, so as to reveal the evolution track of a simplified font and the initial character of the word.
second, based on the "Six Books", this paper analyzes the physical structure of commonly used Chinese characters, and through this analysis, reveals the "word method" of Chinese character group "Wen" into "Zi", that is, the structural method that traditional Chinese characters can follow regularly.
Due to the academic understanding of Zhuanzhe in the Six Books, there have always been different opinions. However, the practice shows that it doesn't seem to affect the analysis of the form and meaning of Chinese characters, so this book doesn't use the ambiguous category of "Zhuan Zhu" in the analysis of the form and structure of Chinese characters. The type of "borrowing" in "Liushu" involves the method of word formation and the method of word use, and the boundary between them is often difficult to draw a clear line; Moreover, the words of "borrowing" were originally made according to the structural methods of "pictographic", "pointing things", "knowing" and "pictophonetic sound". Therefore, the analysis of the physical structure of Chinese characters in this book generally does not take "borrowing" as a special structural type, but only points out the solidified borrowing meaning of the word (such as the original meaning) The "self" whose original meaning is "nose" refers to itself under the guise of; The original meaning is "Er" of "beard", which is used as a conjunction, etc.), or the common borrowing meaning (such as "flea" is used as "early" and "arrow" is used as "shit", etc.).
The number of pictophonetic characters accounts for the largest proportion in the total number of Chinese characters. Therefore, in the analysis of pictophonetic characters, we naturally use more strength and make breakthroughs in the following two aspects:
1. The ancient and modern changes of Chinese sound and rhyme have made many pictophonetic characters and their phonetic symbols have great differences in modern pronunciation, thus making the phonetic symbols of a large number of pictophonetic characters lose their realistic phonetic function. In this book, some important Chinese phonological changes are integrated into a brief explanation of the pronunciation of pictophonetic characters and their phonetic symbols, and their relationship in the ancient pronunciation system is noted, in order to partially restore the phonetic function of some pictophonetic characters "invalid phonetic symbols" through the understanding of these phonological changes. For example,
"Drag: form and sound, from the hand, Shi (shΡ) saves the sound (Shi and Tuo are close to the ancient sound, and the two are accurate and accurate, and the songs overlap) ..."; "Turn: sound, from the hand, sound (gu m) (sound, turn the ancient sound close, the two see the group next to the button, the fish branch turns around. "Guai" and "Ai" are also pronounced by "Ba") ... ".
2. The phonetic symbols of a large number of Chinese characters classified as pictophonetic characters by predecessors are actually not simple phonetic symbols. If you think carefully, you will find that they are often one of the semantic symbols that constitute the word (for example, the meanings of "expansion/expansion", "account/account" and "up/up" are all changed from "Zhang" to "Zhang". Another example is that "Lun/Lun" has a coherent meaning, so "Lun/Lun" means a coherent spoke, "Lun/Lun" means a coherent speech, and "Lun/Lun" means a coherent water pattern and "Lun/Lun"