Name, as the name implies, it has both a name and a word
For example: Liu Bei
Surname: Liu Ming: Bei, word: Xuande
Many times, only the first name can be called by the elders, parents and mentors, while the last name can be called by everyone!
Some words are supplements or explanations of names,
For example: the word "Han Yu" means "retreat", which means that people should know how to retreat when moving forward
< p>Now our names are combined, regardless of names and characters. Therefore, it is a traditional rule that many people in ancient times had only one character in their names.In addition to the original name, the ancients used words related to the meaning of the name to express virtues and characteristics, which are called "table words". "Book of Rites, Qu Li Shang": "When a man is twenty, he wears his crown...and when a woman wants to marry, she wears her hair." In the "Book of Rites", a man who is twenty years old is called "wei" and wears a crown; a woman who is fifteen years old is called "wei". For those who are "at the age of hairpin", when they reach the age of marriage, they are the so-called "waiting in the boudoir". According to "Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong", when a person reaches adulthood, he needs to be respected by society. It would be disrespectful for his peers to only call him by his first name, so he needs to choose a word for himself to use when interacting with others in society. , to show mutual respect. Therefore, after the ancients reached adulthood, their names were only used by their elders and themselves. Calling themselves by their own names showed humility, while the words were used to be called by people in society.
The Three Kingdoms period is a very exciting history, and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is even more well-known to every household. It has spawned many literary and artistic film and television works, and readers are familiar with the names of many of the characters. I randomly opened "Three Kingdoms" and found that the names and characters of many characters in it were intrinsically related, so I opened an ancient Chinese dictionary for comparative analysis. I thought this work was very interesting, so I wrote this article. Below I list some more representative characters for explanation. I write them more casually and do not organize them according to certain standards. If there are any mistakes, please correct me.
He Jin's word Sui Gao
Jin: moving forward or upward, developing, opposite of "retreating"; it can be extended to becoming an official or being promoted. Sui: success, smoothness. Sui Gao means smooth promotion.
Dong Zhuo's courtesy name is Zhongying
Zhuo: superb, lofty, excellent, outstanding. Ying: Show off your talents and be smart. "Zhuo" and "Ying" are synonymous, and both have extraordinary and extraordinary meanings. It can be seen that the person who named him wanted him to be an outstanding talent.
Lü Bu's courtesy name is Fengxian
Fengxian: to worship ancestors.
Yuan Shu's word highway
Shu: the roads in ancient cities are related to the meaning of "highway", but in ancient Chinese, highway is the official in charge of the king's roads and vehicles in ancient times. Technique can also be interpreted as law; strategy. The highway is interpreted as the right path from the bottom to the top.
Cao Cao's courtesy name is Meng De
Cao Cao: ethics and integrity, which can be extended to beautiful moral qualities. Meng: Diligence, hard work. Meng De can be interpreted as sharpening moral character and making it perfect. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning": "Life depends on what is, and death depends on what is. This is called morality." The word and name are combined in one sentence to combine morality, that is, moral conduct. The word gives a modified explanation of the name and Replenish.
Guo Jia's courtesy name is Fengxiao
Jia: good, beautiful. Filial piety: Serve one's parents and honor one's parents. Filial piety comes first among all virtues, so being filial to your parents and being kind to your elders are beautiful virtues. The character provides a supplementary explanation to the name.
Xu Huang's courtesy name is Gongming
Huang: 1. Bright. ②Shine. Gong: A respectful title for elders or peers. I used to be confused about whether Xu Huang's "Huang" was pronounced with an upper tone or a lower tone. Now I can judge based on his words, and I can definitely say that it is pronounced with an upper tone.
Liu Biao, courtesy name Jingsheng
Biao: Standing upright on the ground, it was a benchmark used in ancient times to measure sun shadow timing. Scene: daylight. "Jingsheng" means that the sun's shadow is rising slowly, which is a metaphor for rising high, like the sun reaching the sky.
Liu Bei's courtesy name is Xuande
Bei: Complete, extended to comprehensive and perfect. Xuande, latent and undisclosed character. "Shu Shun Dian" "Xuan De's rise to fame is his destiny." Kong Chuan: "Xuan means hidden, hidden morality."
In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhang Fei's character is Yide , and should be written as "Yi De" in historical records. Guan Yu's "Yu", Zhang Fei's "Yi", Yu Yi - these two are the earliest and most capable generals around Liu Bei. The author made a beautiful mistake.
Zhuge Liang's courtesy name is Kongming
Liang: bright. Hole: Indicates range or degree - deep; large; very. Ming and bright are synonymous.
Zhao Yun's courtesy name is Zilong
Zi: In ancient times, it was a laudatory or honorific title for men. "Book of Changes": "The clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger." It is a metaphor for the mutual induction between things. The first name and the last word in one sentence have the same meaning.
Ma Chao, also known as Meng Qi
Chao: ① Leap to climb, jump over. ②Beyond. Qi: rising, flying, similar in meaning to "super". It reflects the parents’ ardent expectation for their children to succeed.
Huang Zhongzi Han Sheng
Loyalty: originally refers to being sincere, kind and dedicated, and later has multiple meanings such as loyalty to others, loyalty to the monarch and the country. Huang Zhong was in an era when the Han Dynasty was in decline, so Han's promotion can be understood as being loyal to the Han Dynasty and hoping for a prosperous Han Dynasty. However, the Han Dynasty was finally exhausted and could not be restored by human power.
Sun Ce Zi Bo Fu
Ce: strategy. Talisman: A voucher used by the ancient imperial court to convey orders or recruit troops. Each party holds half of it and combines it to verify the authenticity.
Sun Quan's courtesy name is Zhongmou
Quan: power, influence. Mou: strategy, strategy, has the same meaning as Sun Ce's "strategy".
Sun Jian was a warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, so the names of his sons were more politically inclined. His four sons, Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Sun Yi (also known as Shubi) and Sun Kuang (known as Jizuo), were The characters are chosen according to the order of eldest and youngest among the brothers.
Lu Su's courtesy name is Zijing
Su: respectful. "Book·Hongfan": "Gong Zuo Su." Su and Jing are synonymous.
Lü Meng's courtesy name is Ziming
Meng: ① Ignorance. ② Self-proclaimed modesty. Ming: ①The eyes are bright. Extended to understand the truth. "Xunzi·BuGou": "The public produces light, the partial produces darkness." ② A wise person. "Shu Shun Dian": "Three years of performance evaluation, three tests of deposing Zhi Youming." The meaning of the word and name are opposite.