. Textbook analysis:
The learning theme arranged for this unit is "Chinese Traditional Culture". The unit introduction mainly reminds students to understand Chinese tradition and culture through reading - to understand ancient great thinkers, understand ancient myths, appreciate ancient architecture and paintings, and develop a sense of national cultural pride.
The textbook arranges four texts, which are introductions to ancient thinkers - "Confucius' Apprenticeship", ancient myths - "Pangu Created Heaven and Earth", ancient architecture - "Zhaozhou Bridge", and the famous painting "Qingming Festival". "Along the River".
This unit has arranged a comprehensive study, which is the second comprehensive study of this book. The training project of this comprehensive study is "collecting and organizing information", and the content is "the rich and colorful traditional culture in life". From the perspective of understanding and feeling the traditional Chinese culture, it is an extension of the theme and text study of this unit; from the perspective of reading and writing skills, it is to learn to collect various materials, accumulate practice materials, and organize the collected materials.
The oral communication content of this unit is "exchanging the representations and understandings of traditional Chinese culture that we have collected"; the exercises for this unit are to organize the physical objects and pictures of traditional Chinese culture that we have collected, and write Short essay to introduce to others.
The "Chinese Garden" of the unit also has a "display stand" to display the "appearances" of Chinese traditional culture that have been collected and learned - physical objects, pictures and texts. This is a display of comprehensive learning results. .
The homework study in this unit includes two parts:
First, learn language expression in the process of text learning.
Second, carry out thematic comprehensive learning, collect relevant physical objects, pictures and text materials that can reflect Chinese traditional culture, organize them and display them through text and other forms. (Display is not just text, but combined with practice teaching, text display should become a major project.
1. Learn language expression in the text.
"Confucius Apprentices"< /p>
The text "Confucius' Apprenticeship" mainly introduces the scene of Confucius' "apprenticeship". It does not specifically introduce "how to learn from Laozi" in the future. "Apprenticeship" is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Components. "Bai" is explained in the dictionary as "to confer a certain title or position with certain etiquette, and to form a certain relationship." "Bai" means to form a teacher-student relationship through certain etiquette. "Etiquette" is Chinese traditional culture. How is the etiquette of "apprenticeship" expressed in the text?
Confucius saw an "old man in his seventies, wearing a long robe, with white hair and beard. He looks very knowledgeable." I thought, "This old man is probably the teacher I want to visit." What is written here is Confucius' inner activities. Why do I use "visit" instead of "This is the teacher I am looking for." ——A "visit" and a "search", the attitudes towards people here are different. Visit expresses Confucius' admiration for Zhuangzi. When seeing the teacher, you have to "step forward and salute", and if you use "look for" ", you cannot express this kind of admiration. This is Chinese traditional culture.
Teacher Wang Songzhou analyzed the following dialogue very well——
Confucius said quickly: "Student Confucius came here specially to pay homage to the teacher and asked him to accept me as his student. "I said, "You are Zhongni. I heard you were coming, so I will greet you here. You are no worse than me in studying, so why do you need to pay homage to me?" "Am I a teacher?" In fact, my role at that time was the same as that of Mr. Ren Jiyu. He was the director of the National Library and could read many books and classics, so I was particularly knowledgeable.
I said a word - "welcome", which is very interesting. When I say "welcome", I don't say "wait", nor do I say "wait". This is what I say, the degree, propriety and warmth of my words are just right.
If you don’t believe it, try using “wait”. “I heard you were coming, so I will wait here.” What does it feel like? “Wait” is neutral, neither hot nor cold. There is no temperature. Is that right? Try "waiting" again, "I heard you were coming." How does it feel? That's too pretentious! "I heard you were coming." , I will be waiting here.” The taste is different, what is reflected behind it? A true educator’s spirit. What is the highest state of education? Teaching without teaching, in Laozi’s own words, “Do nothing and do everything.” ".
Many people read Laozi out of context and only emphasize "inaction", thinking that Laozi is passive and avoids the world. Did Laozi ever say such a thing? What Lao Tzu pursues is the state of "doing nothing without doing anything". He did not retreat from the world, give up, or wait passively. Teaching without teaching means teaching by example, which means using your own body to practice what you say, hiding the purpose of education and not telling you, but educating people with every move, word and deed. This is what we often call personality charm. I am such a person, "I am here to welcome you", teaching without teaching. When did he start being Confucius’ teacher? From now on. "Yinghou" is worth chewing, otherwise, I will be angry.
Second point, Confucius said, "The student Zhongni came specially to see the teacher." Can you say this? In the article, Confucius calls himself "Kongqiu", but here he calls himself "Zhongni", is that okay? This is a bit difficult because it involves our traditional culture. Chinese traditional culture has basically been discontinued by the May Fourth Movement. Now we are very powerful in getting rid of tradition. Traditionally, Chinese people are very particular about their names. Usually a man has a surname, a given name, a character, and a nickname. There is a relationship between the name and the character, either as a close meaning, a relative, or an allusion. Mao Zedong, whose surname was Mao, whose first name was Zedong, and whose courtesy name was Runzhi, were synonymous with "Run" and "Ze". Zhang Fei, whose surname is Zhang, whose given name is Fei, and whose courtesy name is Yide. Why is it "Yide"? If he wants to fly, he must have "wings" if he wants to fly, right? Guan Yu, whose surname is Guan and whose given name is Yu, whose courtesy name is Yunchang. With feathers, I can travel thousands of miles in the sky. Of course, there are also differences between names and characters, which involves the "rituals" in our tradition. Not just anyone can be called by name or by word, there is something special about it. For example, Confucius, whose surname was Kong and Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was the second eldest child in his family and was nicknamed Kong Laoer. Confucius had an elder brother who was lame. Confucius's mother, Yan, was unwilling to give birth to a lame man, so she went to Ni Mountain near Qufu to pray to God, hoping to have another child who would be healthy and healthy. Neatly. As a result, due to sincerity, Confucius was born. In order to thank the God of Nishan, his parents gave Confucius this name. The name is "Qiu", Qiu means hill, and it refers to the Nishan Mountain. The word "Zhongni" refers to the second eldest child, Bo is the eldest, and Ni refers to Nishan, because it was the god of Nishan who brought good luck to Confucius' parents. There are differences in how names and characters are formed. A "name" is given to a person by his parents after he is born. It is usually used by parents and teachers to call him, and parents can call him by his first name. When calling yourself to someone, it is also called "name" to show humility. The "zi" is acquired when one grows up. In ancient times, when a man was twenty years old, he performed the "ceremony of a weak crown". When he became an adult, he could have his own "zi". Under what circumstances is "zi" used? The first is between peers; the second is between friends. This is a traditional gift of the Chinese nation.
In the text, Confucius calls himself Confucius, which is in line with etiquette. Because Confucius wanted to worship Laozi as his teacher, Laozi was naturally his teacher. In front of his teacher, he must humbly call his "name" instead of his "word". As soon as he is called "Zi", his relationship with Lao Tzu is equalized. For Confucius, the ancestor of Confucianism, this is definitely a major matter of "what is tolerable and what is intolerable". Looking at Laozi again, he said: "You are Zhongni." Obviously, Laozi regarded Confucius as a friend, and he did not regard himself as a teacher. In this way, the distance between the two people suddenly became closer. For Confucius, it felt particularly cordial. For Laozi, he lowered his status and always faced the world with humility. You see, this is another kind of teaching without teaching. Here, the language - the name and character of Confucius, and the culture - the traditional etiquette behind the name are inherently consistent. As a student, you may not be aware of this; as a Chinese teacher, you should be more sensitive, sober, and alert, because that is exactly a matter of Chinese language, and it is also a matter of culture.
After reading Teacher Wang’s analysis, I think that in this text, we should grasp these typical words, appreciate the subtlety of the wording, and understand the traditional Chinese culture. The ancient culture and language expressions involved in this text may be difficult for students to understand on their own. The teacher can explain these words to students, and then guide students to understand the culture and subtlety of the words through exchanges, readings and comparisons.
Exercise design:
Collect the wording habits and related words in ancient rituals about the dialogue between the younger members of the family and the elders, and then complete the situational dialogue exercises with the elders.
Pangu opened the world
This lesson mainly introduces "Pangu opened the sky". Open is a verb. How to write "open" vividly? The corresponding use of antonyms. The second natural paragraph, “Light and clear things slowly rise and become the sky; heavy and turbid things slowly fall and become the earth.
"The antonyms here are very consistent with the characteristics of their respective objects in use - sky, light and clear, earth heavy and turbid; rising and falling, which means separation. And the following earth "rises one foot and falls every day" "Shen Zhang" is also the corresponding antonym. Here, students should be guided to understand the role of these words in expressing "open".
In the fourth natural paragraph, the author uses a parallel sentence to He wrote about the changes after Pangu fell: the breath he exhaled became... the sound he exhaled became... the eyes became... the limbs became... the skin became... the blood became... hairs. Became...sweat became...
Here, the main purpose is to guide students to understand parallel sentences. The sentence structure of each small sentence is the same. The sentences read with a sense of rhythm. At the same time, through a series of The "become" shows that every part of Pangu's body has become a part of the world and a useful part of mankind. When teaching, you can read aloud while imagining, and guide students to read out the rhythm and read out their feelings about Pangu. Praise.
"Zhaozhou Bridge"
The difference between "not only...but also" and "and...and..."
"Zhao". The second natural paragraph of "Zhaozhou Bridge" introduces the characteristics of "sturdiness", and the third natural paragraph introduces the characteristics of "beautiful". In the middle of the two natural paragraphs, the sentence "Zhaozhou Bridge is not only strong but also beautiful" is used to introduce it.
This sentence introduces two characteristics of Zhaozhou Bridge. Can we say "Zhaozhou Bridge is strong and beautiful"?
We can use such words to guide students to read them repeatedly. Several times. After reading it, you will find that in the third natural paragraph, the author mainly introduces "beautiful", but after using "and... and...", the author needs to introduce the characteristics of "sturdiness". ...and..." The "not only" here is to summarize the above, but the use of "but also" emphasizes the "beautiful". This paragraph focuses on "beautiful", so it goes smoothly.
< p>"A Painting Famous at Home and Abroad"Use "you" to distinguish things and describe their characteristics
When the author introduced "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", in order to make the picture The introduction is clear. In the second natural paragraph, the word "you" is repeatedly used. In the first text of this volume, "Our National Primary School", students are guided to understand the role of "you". You means "part of it". ", here is a review. The author uses "you" here mainly to distinguish the identity of the person - three hundred and sixty lines. This way it is very rhythmic to write, and the form of parallelism expresses the characteristics of the characters in the picture in a very specific way. Identity category.
The sixth natural paragraph uses "some", which is different from the previous expression. "Having" is a way of comparing the different behavioral characteristics of different characters. , specifically introduces the different behavioral characteristics of many different characters.
Here, we need to compare the differences in expression between "you" and "you".
The second natural paragraph. "Some are" actually means "some are", and the content of "some" cannot be changed to "some are", which will not read smoothly; and "some are" cannot be replaced with "some", instead It becomes "something", which is no longer smooth.
In the third grade, the main purpose is to guide students to understand and understand the collocation habits of words, and to gain insights through reading aloud.
Exercise design: Give two groups of situations of many people or things similar to the content of the article, let students use "some" and "have" to write respectively, and comment on whether the use is smooth.
2. Comprehensive Learning Design
The comprehensive learning in this unit not only trains students’ ability to collect and organize information, but also prepares content for oral communication and exercises. . Among them, oral communication and exercises are the means to complete comprehensive learning.
The comprehensive learning theme of this unit: Taotao’s hometown treasures
1. Topic preparation:
In the unit introductory study, guide the discussion: In life What is the rich and colorful culture of ? It can be combined with the text of the reader's unit to help students clarify: the culture of hometown can include stories of celebrities, legends, myths, ancient buildings, works of art, various folk crafts, and customs and habits that can bring people happiness and enjoyment. wait.
2. Propose the theme of the activity: Taotao’s hometown treasures
Explain clearly to students: Many cultures in life belong to “old treasures” and are of great collection and publicity display value; There are many "old treasures" around us, in our hometowns, and in our own lives - such as various unique living customs, works of art, production processes and arts of various crafts, celebrity stories, legends, local Characteristic literary and artistic forms, etc. Among them, various crafts, customs, literary and artistic forms, etc. are different from place to place, and the unique parts are even more precious. We should find out the precious and characteristic parts of our hometown, and keep them as treasures for ourselves, and then show them to others and promote them through words, pictures, photos, etc.
Some of these treasures have not been discovered by everyone, so we can go to "Taobao" in life.
3. Taobao Activities
From the examples given above, select the "Taobao" objects you are interested in, classify the objects of interest, and then, according to the interests, Form several groups and arrange for students to use their spare time to "Taobao".
Guide "Taobao" strategies: looking through old books at home, paying attention to the furnishings at home, interviewing parents, entering keywords on the Internet to search, etc.
Adopt such strategies to group data collection work. Remind students that in the process of collecting data, they should record various data, collect physical data, excerpt or cut and paste text data, and organize the interview data according to the interview situation. When accumulating information, you should pay attention to clearly write down the date, location, various data, and various details of the data collection. If possible, attach photos, pictures, etc. to the written information, and store the various physical objects collected. .
4. Collection and sorting of data
After collecting the data, compare the collected data with the same content in other regions to see how the "baby" in your hometown is different from other regions. Wherever you click, draw out the features, or introduce them with text, or use certain means to mark them specially. If necessary, students can create a handwritten newspaper for the group and name it "**Group Taobao Special Issue". The special issue can publish various written materials that you have compiled as well as photos, paintings, pictures, etc. of things you have collected.
5. Oral Communication Seminar
Following the oral communication prompts, the group discussed what to display and how to present the results of their group's Taobao activities.
6. Exercise: Each person writes a Taobao diary - write down the things that impressed you most during the Taobao process, the introduction of the treasures found, etc., into an exercise. Pay attention to the choice of sharing with other people. Write different content. After writing it, read it over and over by yourself, then read it to your classmates and parents to see if you have clearly introduced your unique Taobao experience and the characteristics of the treasures you found, and whether the text is smooth. If If there is a problem, make corrections.
Exercises for revising the draft and editing the "Taobao Collection" in class.
7. Achievements display: Display and introduce your group’s Taobao achievements and experiences in a manner agreed upon by the group.
Each group sets up a booth to display various sorted physical objects, pictures, and written materials for the whole class to visit. If there are several classes in the same grade in the school, joint exhibition activities can be held.