Look at the details
The Formation of Ci and Cai's Ci in Anhui
Word generation is an important part of genealogy, and a good genealogy must have new and old words on its behalf.
Genealogy makes the family clear and orderly. Because the genealogy word generation, the word representing the family generation, is commonly known as pie. It means self-cultivation, orderly family, peaceful governance, good luck, health and prosperity. Word generation, which originated in Song Dynasty, is recorded in genealogical research: Li 13 "model word"-succeeding his sons Bo and Meng Youyi, and adding the word "Kuang" * * * 14. This is probably the earliest generation of characters in China. Word-making is a rule that people name according to ethics. When entering the school, parents asked Mr. Wang to change his child's scientific name according to his generation, that is, his name. Word generation, which is the product of ancestral halls of all ethnic groups, or collective creation; Or celebrities write that there is a "xianggong" and a "juren" under the family door, which often establishes a faction for the family and continues to send it down; It was also sealed by the emperor, and the Confucius word generation was given by the Ming and Qing emperors, which is the best unified word generation in China today.
Word-for-word sentence patterns, or four words, or five words, or seven words, can be long or short: the long ones are five or six crosses, and the short ones are more than a dozen words, usually two or three crosses. Although the word Dai has the color of feudal clan, it is a colorful poem from the literary point of view. The surnames and genealogies of all ethnic groups are different. The only thing that is the same is that the core and link of genealogy are generations. The same surname also has different genealogies or word generations, so people in the family should sit according to their generations when they are born. Thousands of years of practice have made people with different surnames deeply realize that standardizing naming words plays a very wonderful and irreplaceable role in straightening out family pedigree relations. Therefore, the word "generational family" has become a widely used naming method established by the Chinese nation.
The word generation mentioned here is the pedigree generation that can still be seen everywhere in rural areas today. There must have been such a phenomenon around you: some people are obviously young, but they are regarded as elders by people much older than themselves. It is the most distinctive part of China's name culture to remind a person of his rank in the kinship, which makes it perfectly combine many naming meanings from content to form. However, as a symbol of descent, the word generation appeared much later than the name.
In the primitive society where the group members are still very limited, it is only necessary to use "surname" to identify each person's maternal lineage. Since then, with the relative improvement of human reproduction conditions, the number of group members has been increasing, and the scope of activities has been expanding day by day, and then there has been a "surname" that can make the "world classification" more detailed. In other words, "Shi" not only marks the blood relationship, but also has a certain role in identifying generations. On the other hand, the concept of human relations that men and women with different surnames and generations can't be combined is also a reason why people don't pay enough attention to the symbol of seniority.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the process of merging surnames was basically completed. According to the development law of name culture, the issue of generation symbols should have been put on the agenda long ago. However, in this process, the continuous merger war and social changes have led to the complete disintegration of clan organizations since Shang and Zhou Dynasties, replaced by the popularity of independent individual families. The members of a small family are simple and have distinct generations, so people still seldom consider how to express the relationship between the same family members through naming. This situation was not changed until the establishment of the aristocratic family system in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Throughout the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, frequent wars forced bankrupt small farmers to cling to the manor of the same big landlord, or to live in groups to protect themselves, or to migrate in groups to take refuge. It is this social organization structure of the same ancestry and the same origin, which has lived together from generation to generation, which has promoted the flowering of the word generation.
However, for a long time after its appearance, the generation of words was not generally accepted by people, and there was no strict format to follow. The latter is obviously manifested in the fact that there is no obvious difference and connection between the former and the latter.
From about the middle and late Tang Dynasty, people began to try to name their lineages. At first, the symbols were still on the side, and the concept of "five virtues ending" was used to describe the ending and circular development of the attached family.
In fact, just as Zhu Yuanzhang formulated the rule of naming families after five generations, the development of generation culture itself has entered a new stage. Wu Hai, a contemporary Fujian scholar of Zhu Yuanzhang, made it very clear in the example he gave for Wu's genealogy: "The ranking of children and grandchildren begins with fire and earth, and the five elements coexist and circulate endlessly ... Men are masculine, women are feminine, and the times are easy to test. From one generation to the next, you won't be confused. "Although the word generation he proposed is still the coexistence of the five elements, which coincides with Zhu Yuanzhang's, we know that from the end of the Yuan Dynasty at the latest, the new genealogy not only has a predefined naming method for future generations, but also fully considers the role of' knowing the world by name'. This is consistent with the time concept that the four surnames of Confucius, Mencius, Zeng and Yan began to learn words instead of words later.
The efficiency of the new word generation not only breaks through the limitation that the old word generation is only used to identify peers, so that it can give full play to the role of the same lineage chain, but also breaks through the limitation of the limited number of Chinese characters with the same radical, opening up rich storage for word-making resources named after words. In terms of reducing the phenomenon of duplicate names, this is a practical contribution. Basically, according to the development law of name culture, the issue of generation symbols should have been put on the agenda accordingly.
Take Huan Yi, a famous family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as an example: their sons were named Yun, Huo, Mi and Chong respectively, and there was no unified identification symbol between them. But in the third generation, Huan Huo's six sons were named Shiqian, Shi Xiu, Shi Min, Shi Sheng, Shibui and Shikang respectively. The word "stone" is a remarkable symbol of their peers. Another example is the Hong family tree, which records the lineage of Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. According to legend, the ancestor of Hongjia was Hongpu, an official in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and Hongpusheng was his son. Jiansheng's second son, with strict name and choice of name; Choose to have three sons, named Wei, Zhong and Shen. It is known that the third generation of Qingzhou Hongshi is named after "Shi" and the fourth generation is named after "Ren". In terms of time, it has entered the Han, Wei and Western Jin Dynasties.
There are four surnames in the genealogy compiled by various clans in later generations, which is called "Tian Tong genealogy", that is to say, there is only one genealogy in the world. These four surnames are Kong, Meng, Zeng and Yan. The ancestors of these four surnames can be traced back to Kong Qiu, Mencius, Zeng Shen and Yan Hui respectively, and the genealogies of these four families all have the same word generation-that is, the words used to name generations. This incident seems to have nothing to do with the nation, but in fact it fully shows the noble culture of our nation and the spirit of attaching importance to bloodline.
In order to distinguish between the old and the young, and express the lineage order in the clan, the generation characters of the whole clan are specially selected, which is the word generation spectrum. It is a written evidence handed down by a family and an important part of genealogy. For example, Chairman Mao's name is named according to the traditional genealogy. Mao is the surname, Ze is the generation, and Dong is the name. In the genealogy, the word "generation" is "Li Wei is a scholar, an item, a ancestor, and a generation of eternal life." Filial piety is a family heirloom, loyalty is a country, and it began in the Yuan Dynasty to save the saints, and elegant articles were published. "Ze" is the 14th generation word.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, gave Confucius descendants a name that crossed generations: "Those who succeed, those who fail." Later, Emperor Li Hong, Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty gave Confucius the cross handed down from generation to generation. "Xing is prosperous, and Xing is constitutional." After ten years of Daoguang, it is appropriate for Zong Ning to give Kong a successor.
The name is exquisite and strict, except for the one-word name in the era of Wang Mang, which is sorted by genealogy. The naming custom of the first generation is directly influenced by the patriarchal clan system, and its main point is to maintain the eldest son inheritance system of the patriarchal clan system (the children born to the right wife have the legal inheritance right). Families in general, especially famous families, must compile genealogies in order to make people remember their roots and know where the system came from. Everyone in the family has a different genealogy. In order to express differences, facilitate memory and maintain continuity, we should pay attention to the choice of words when naming children, just as brothers use the same word or the same Chinese character, and different generations of the same family use different words. This method is called sorting or typesetting generation. In the history of China, the naming custom of the first generation has a great influence and a wide range. Although modern people have not established genealogy because of the changes of times and life, this method continues to this day.
The most common way to substitute words for names is the difference in meaning. Most of the words used to arrange generations are written in auspicious words to express a certain meaning, such as purple gas coming from the east, dragons and phoenixes becoming auspicious, the prosperity of the Five Dynasties, brilliant family background, poetry etiquette and loyalty inheritance. Or jingles, some of which are poems themselves. The most complete and representative generation is the Confucius family, which was regarded as a saint by the later feudal royal family. For example, in 1774, Emperor Qianlong confirmed the 30-character generation of Confucius' descendants:
Xi Yan gong Yan cheng
Hong Wen Yan
Chineydy Yoshikawa Hiroshi
Zhao Xianqing Fan Xiang
Let virtue come to you.
Qin Shao's idea is obvious.
Greek figure, the 56th generation of Confucius family. 1920, the 76th Duke's Feast, Kong Lingyi followed the Three Crosses with the Twenty Crosses, and with the approval of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Beiyang Warlord Government, asked the provinces and counties to follow:
Kendo shield Mao Xiuchang Huan Yongchang
According to the above generation arrangement, if you see the words in the middle of the names of Confucius' descendants, you can calculate their generations. For example, the members of China People's Political Consultative Conference include Kong, Kong Lingming and Kong Demao. Looking at their genealogy, we can know that the first two people belong to the 75th and 76th generation grandchildren, and the last one is the 77th generation grandson.
The name was passed down from generation to generation to the royal family, and the strictest was probably the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty stipulated that descendants of Zhu surname must be named by the Ritual Department. Since Kangxi, the royal families in the Qing Dynasty were all named according to their word generation, which not only stipulated the required word, but also stipulated the radical of the second word. For example, Yong Zhengdi used the word "Yin" in the first word and "Shi" in the second word, such as Yin Zu, Yin Ti. Yong Zhengdi is the fourth son named Yin Zhen. In the Qianlong generation, the first word was Hongzi, and the second word was "Day" (called by Emperor Qianlong). During the Qianlong period, after Emperor Liu Zi painted a picture of the old age as filial piety, Qianlong wrote a poem on it, in which there was a sentence of "Yong exempts a load of kindness and entertainment". Later, under the flood, Qianlong chose the word "Yong mian zai zai" as his name. Daoguang personally chose "Pu" after "Zai". Emperor Xianfeng also chose the words "Tao, righteousness, Zeng and Qi" under the word "Qi". Therefore, from the Yongzheng generation, the royal family of the Qing Dynasty named the characters in the following order: Yin, Hong, Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai, Pu, Yu, Heng, Qi, Dao, Zeng and Qi. The Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the word "Pu" of the last emperor Puyi. It is not clear whether these words will be used in future names.
Named after the substitute word, the name structure is the same as that of Confucius' House, and some take the last word; Some words come first and some words come last. For example, Bandai family, Bandai, Ming Wan, Wanquan, Wanfang and so on. ; People's generation, wei ren, Hairen, Xing, etc. There are also a generation of double names and a generation of single names, which are connected by radicals. This cycle goes back and forth.
The naming of Ci generation is a folk phenomenon with a long history, from the royal family down to the common people, even monks and Taoists. Its fixed nomenclature has quite stable factors, which can be handed down from generation to generation in an orderly way. Unlike some methods, especially its inheritance, it can help people to carry out lineage sequence, and play an important role in seeking roots for overseas Chinese and compatriots in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and distinguishing villagers' neighborhoods and generations. At present, most surname families still have their own generations. However, unlike the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people's names must be named strictly by word generation, but some are pressed and some are not.
Cao Shi in Lujiang, Anhui Province, and Cao Shi in Feinan, Anhui Province were originally in the same strain. According to the genealogy of Fei Nan Cao Shi (19 18) revised three times, in the early Ming Dynasty, Qian and Yue Ergong moved from Wuyuan, Huizhou, to Gaopowei, the south township of Hefei (now Hangbu Town, Shucheng), and the oral legend was moved from Wajiaba, Jiangxi. When the descendants of Qian Gong came to the third generation, they moved to Qianchuan-now Caolao, a new crossing in Lujiang (now the administrative division belongs to Datong Town); Descendants of Gong Yue, the third generation, first moved to Zhujiazui (now Shucheng County) in Hexi, then moved to Caojiayuan (in Feixi) in Hefei, and then moved to the new estuary of Tongxingwei in Nanxiang, Hefei (now Tongda Town in Lujiang County). Now Caojiadun in Lujiang is well known.
Due to the continuous migration of ancestors, there are as many as three generations in Cao Shi, Lujiang, Anhui Province or Cao Shi, southern Anhui Province. One is: Cao Shi, Lujiang Xindu, and Cao Shi, Caojiadun, Lujiang, also known as Nancaoshi; Three, Feixi Guantang Cao Shi. From Cao Shidi 10 generation, Lujiang Xindu, according to the first generation of Qian Gong and Gong Yue, the first generation is: goodness will flourish, national glory, inheritance first, and prosperity will last forever. Starting from the 9th generation, Cao Shi, a new river in Lujiang, has successively become: Jingde Jiazheng, Tianxi Xiangguang, famous all over the country and prosperous. The word generation of Cao Shi's Fei Xi Guan Tang will be corrected later.
According to the records of the four genealogies of Feinan Cao Shi (Caojiadun, Lujiang-Xinhekou and Tongda Xu), the word generation has been unified with Cao Lao and Xindu, and the first generation is Qian and Yue. From the generation of 18, the word "generation" is unified as follows: inherit the first order, the new jersey will last forever, the good will win before, and the good will be loyal.
Now, the new and old generations contained in Cai's Newly Revised Genealogy in Anhui Province are published below for the reference of all ethnic groups when compiling genealogy.
Sixteen-character naming of Cai Fugong, a descendant of Cai family in Hefei, Anhui Province
(Published in Fukuoka Auspicious Section in the 13th year of the Republic of China)
Naming has its own meaning, and there is no need to set a grid. But the generations are so far apart that they are divided into other households, and each of them is in charge of its own affairs. There are often several generations who are confused with each other. The grandchildren violate the taboos of their ancestors, and the younger ones take the names of their brothers. Since15th century, our clan has always been single-character or double-character, or radical or above, which is not completely in accordance with ancient times, so it is uneven. Zhao Si, a descendant of Gui Gong, rebuilt the genealogy twice, so he cut it from the fifteenth middle school, and discussed the sixteen characters. Although our branches have not merged, they belong to the same clan. At that time, the name was also imitated, and legislation was the best. Because of this, I want to record sixteen words (15th to 30th) below:
The state has a celebration, and it is good to follow the heart and follow the classics to see its success.
Sun Shan's Arbitrary Judgment in the Twentieth Century
A.D.1Feb. 996
Anhui Cai's genealogy was rebuilt on 1996.
Continuous sixteen-character named record
Since the15th century, our ethnic group has taken the sixteen characters of "celebrating the nation, being kind and understanding, learning to follow the classics and watching its success" as its generation. All branches, families and generations of the Chua family, the vast majority of people obey it, even if they live overseas. Therefore, our people and generations are basically unified and legislation is the best. After several generations, sixteen Chinese characters have been used in the word "Xun" for four generations. After several rounds of research, discussion and deliberation, the senior relatives of the Chua family were mobilized by the genealogy renewal Committee. After several rounds of research, discussion and deliberation, a new 16-character draft is put forward, which is a descendant of Cai's family in Hefei. I hope our clansmen will remember it, name it according to factions, and follow its example forever. Today, I want to record sixteen new words (from the 3rd1to the 46th):
Chongren Shangyi Ruizhi Fuqiang Qunan Huatai Yingjie Rongguang
Hefei Cai's genealogy continued to be strong in martial arts.
19951February
Draft: Zhao Ji
June 26th, 1996