This is very different, especially the comedy style of the novel, which is a vivid portrayal of his "comedy-loving" character and intelligence. As the saying goes, "style is the person". However, the style of a literary work is not only determined by the writer's subjective factors (such as personality). It is often related to the social and historical environment in which it is located, personal life experience and the specific subject matter to be expressed. For example, Dongpo's Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty is characterized by boldness and openness, while Jiaxuan's Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty is characterized by boldness and solemnity. Although both Su and Xin belong to the Bold Ci School, their styles of Ci are similar but have differences, showing their respective style characteristics. This difference in style of writing reflects not only the difference in personality between the two, but also the differences in historical conditions and social life in which they live. In the same way, the humorous comedy style of "Journey to the West" is also related to the real environment in which the author lives. In other words, it is the product of the combination of Wu Chengen's subjective thoughts and objective reality. In the long poem "Erlang Searching the Mountains", Wu fully expressed his social views and political ambitions: "People's disasters are found in clothes, not for apes and cranes, but for sandworms. ... The evil-killing knife is worn in the chest, The hatred for peace is powerless.” The cynical feeling in the poem is self-evident. In order to expose the darkness of society and express the grievances in his heart, the author, as he said in his poems and essays, "has the ingenuity of a master and does not follow other people's rules" and "comes out of his own mind" (Li Weizhen's "Preface to the Selected Works of Mr. Wu Sheyang" ), they are original, make use of their own strengths, and choose the best way of "how to express themselves". This is "combining solemnity with harmony." Therefore, in this sense, the comedy style of "Journey to the West" is a concrete embodiment of the organic unity of the author's "comedy-loving" character and his indignation against social reality. The writing intention revealed in the book "to record the changes in the world and provide some warnings" ("Preface to the Records of Yu Ding") is relatively obvious. Not only that, we should also see that the formation of the humorous comedy style of "Journey to the West" has a long historical and cultural origin and reflects the psychology and character characteristics of the Chinese nation. As far as the author sees it, some commentators say that the Chinese nation is a "serious nation", which is not unreasonable. But "seriousness" is only one aspect of our national character. In fact, the Chinese nation is a nation full of optimism and a sense of humor. This can be fully verified from ancient records, folk literature and literary creations. Judging from historical records, there are records of "actors" in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Meng Youmeng, Youzhan, Dongfang Shuo, etc. mentioned among them are actors who are good at talking and laughing, and use humorous speech to achieve satirical purposes. This situation lasted at least until the Tang and Song Dynasties. "Tang Yulin" records: "Wuzong was lucky enough to teach in the workshop, and he advocated mixed activities. He drank and practiced his skills, and his banter was like a folk banquet. It was very enjoyable." "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty: Preface to the Biography of Tan Xie" affirmed "Tan Xie" Xing Xing's comment said: "Crying! The theory of talking about harmony has come a long time ago! The funnyness of Qin and Han Dynasties, those who did it because of talking about harmony in later generations, mostly came from musicians and talents. It outlines the mischievous heart of the master, To ridicule the bad government of the time, you must first do what you like and attack the bad things. Although it is not a gentleman's business, it is a well-written one." Folk literary and artistic performances since the Tang and Song Dynasties and the Chinese classical dramas that were later produced on this basis. It seems that it also pays great attention to the expression of humor. For example, among the folk operas of the Tang Dynasty, there is the so-called joining the army play, which is a farce in which two people make fun of each other to make fun of the audience; Tang song and dance dramas also contain comedy, such as in "Ta Yao Niang", "The husband takes care of the wife" "We sing and dance...to express our grievances, so we talk about bitterness, and when our husband comes, we act like they are fighting, thinking it's amusement." It can be seen that the performance of this play is a mixture of pain and joy, sadness and joy. In the "speaking" of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was a unique art type of "telling jokes", that is, telling jokes. The Song Dynasty dramas are also based on humorous and mocking stories. Wu Zimu's "Mengliang Lu" said: "The drama is based on stories and is mainly funny." There is a similar record in Naideweng's "Capital Records". Because of this, although Song Zaju is an immature drama form, it can win the love of the broad audience. Ji Yu's "Chicken Ribs" volume records the grand performance of Yizhou (Chengdu) Zaju: "From the Yuan Dynasty to April 18th, the tours in Chengdu were almost empty... From dawn to dusk, only Zaju One color. Sitting in the martial arts field, surrounded by palaces and palaces, there are high stools outside the shed, with men on the left and women on the right standing on them like mountains.
Every time you make a joke, the banquet will be filled with laughter, and everyone will laugh..." In classical Chinese opera (whether it is Yuan, Ming and Qing dramas, Song, Yuan, Southern operas, or Ming and Qing legends), there is a unique type of comedy, even in serious dramas Some works are also mixed with humorous elements of gags, and there are also clowns in drama roles. In ancient novels, there are also many comedic plot descriptions and amiable and lovely comedic characters. Some people specialize in compiling and publishing jokes and stories with a strong comedic flavor. For example, Feng Menglong compiled three types of joke collections, among which "Laughter Mansion" and "Guangxiao Mansion" are stories that Feng collected that are widely circulated among the people; in "Ancient and Modern Times" "Tan Gui" is a collection of historical biographies, miscellaneous jokes and typical jokes in real life. What is particularly noteworthy is a passage in "Xiaofu Preface": ""Xiaofu" is also a collection of jokes, thirteen. The chapter (volume) is as thin as the cloud. If you read it and feel happy, don't be happy; if you read it and feel angry, don't be angry. There is a big big house in the ancient and modern world, in which Ruo and I are both talking. If you don't talk, you won't be a human being. If you don't laugh, you won't be a human being. If you don't laugh and talk, you won't be a human being. "In the opinion of the editor, since ancient times, there have been "jokes" everywhere in the world, and the world is made up of jokes. This shows that jokes are an important part of people's lives. Under the influence of Feng, later generations compiled "Laughter" "Lin", "Laughing Lin Guangji", "Laughing Down", etc. As for the Yuan and Ming Dynasty Sanqu and Ming Dynasty folk songs, there are also a considerable number of "vulgar songs" with a playful nature. "Elegant" literature - in poetry and prose, humorous words are often seen. For example, someone pointed out: "The child is beautiful and good at teasing, such as 'pindai suddenly unpacks, messy thrush and wide', even his wife and daughter will not forgive him." "(Volume 4 of "Detailed Notes on the Collection of Du Shaoling") In fact, there are more than these two examples of joking sentences in "The Northern Expedition", and it is not only "The Northern Expedition" that contains joking sentences in Du's poems. Among the poets of the Tang and Song Dynasties, there are also Han Yu, Bai Juyi, There are also humorous styles in the poems of Yang Wanli, Mei Yaochen and others. Among them, Su Shi is the most prominent. His poetry style is divided into ancient interest, rational interest and harmonious interest, such as "First Arrival in Huangzhou" and "Wen Zi You Shou". ", "Xi Zi Yu", etc., belong to the category of humor. Song people even proposed that writing poems should also emphasize humor. For example, Chen Shan's "Multi New Words" states: "Gu Ting said: Writing poetry is like writing a drama. Arrangements must be made before they appear. "Among the poets of the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were also humorous and satirical works from time to time. And in the collections of various themes from the pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are also many excellent chapters of humor.? In summary, in ancient Chinese literature Throughout the history of art, whether it is folk literature, popular literature, or "elegant" literature, there has been a tendency to create humor and humor. Such works are an important part of our national culture and reflect the character and cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation. The creation of "Journey to the West" is deeply rooted in the fertile soil of this national culture before the Ming Dynasty. The author inherited this tradition and carried it forward, creatively using the form of chapter novels to express The comedy of literature has developed to the extreme. It is the profound accumulation of national culture over thousands of years that has nurtured the author, a master of comedy art, and made him create "Journey to the West", a masterpiece full of rich comedy style. "" is not only a landmark work in the history of Chinese comedy literature, but its influence on later creations is also obvious. Among ancient novels, "Journey to the West" was the first to use comedy expression techniques. , and it is also the masterpiece of this type of work. In the ancient land of China, people suffered from sorrow and suffering. Under the pressure of feudal system and ethics, people needed to vent, relax, and laugh. This is ancient times. The social basis for the production and development of comedy works is also an important reason for the comedy style of "Journey to the West" and the profound ideological and cultural connotation contained in it.