In addition to industrial robots, various advanced robots are used in non-manufacturing industries and serve human beings, including: service robots, underwater robots, entertainment robots, military robots, and agricultural robots. , robotic machines, etc. Among special robots, some branches are developing rapidly and have a tendency to form independent systems, such as service robots, underwater robots, military robots, micro-operation robots, etc. At present, international roboticists divide robots into two categories based on their application environment: industrial robots in manufacturing environments and service and humanoid robots in non-manufacturing environments. This is consistent with our country's classification. Ancient Robots The emergence of the word robot and the advent of the world's first industrial robot are both in recent decades. However, people's fantasy and pursuit of robots has a history of more than 3,000 years. Humans hope to create a human-like machine that can complete various tasks in place of humans. Robot Carriage During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yanshi, a skilled craftsman in my country, developed an actor who was good at singing and dancing. This was the earliest recorded robot in my country. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Ban, a famous carpenter in my country, was also an inventor in machinery. According to the "Mo Jing", he once made a wooden bird that could fly in the air for "three days without falling", which reflected the spirit of the working people of our country. Smart and smart. In the 2nd century BC, the ancient Greeks of Alexander's time invented the most primitive robot, the automaton. It is a moving statue powered by water, air and steam pressure. It can open doors on its own and sing with the help of steam. In the Han Dynasty 1800 years ago, the great scientist Zhang Heng not only invented the seismometer, but also invented the drum cart. Every time the drum cart travels one mile, the wooden man on the car beats the drum once, and every ten miles the bell strikes. During the Three Kingdoms period of the Later Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu, successfully created the "Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse" and used it to transport military supplies and support frontline wars. In 1662, Japan's Takeda Omi used clock technology to invent an automatic machine doll and performed it in Dotonbori, Osaka. In 1738, the talented French technician Jack Day Vaxon invented a robotic duck that could quack, swim and drink, eat and excrete. Waxon's original intention was to mechanize biological functions for medical analysis. Writing Robot Among the automatic dolls at that time, the most outstanding ones were the Swiss watchmaker Jack Dauros and his son Leigh-Louis Dauros. In 1773, they successively launched automatic writing dolls, automatic playing dolls, etc. The automatic dolls they created were made using the principles of gears and clockwork. Some of them painted with brushes and colors, and some used goose feathers dipped in ink to write. Their structures were ingenious and their costumes were gorgeous, and they were all the rage in Europe. Due to the technical limitations of the time, these dolls were actually giant toys one meter tall. The earliest robot preserved today is a girl doll in the Nusatier Historical Museum in Switzerland. It was made two hundred years ago. The ten fingers of its two hands can press the keys of the organ to play music. It is still played regularly today. For visitors to enjoy, it shows the wisdom of ancient people. In the mid-19th century, automatic dolls were divided into two schools, namely the science fiction school and the mechanical production school, and each found its own place in literature, art and modern technology. In 1831, Goethe published "Faust" and created the artificial human being "Homicide"; in 1870, Hoffmann published the work "Coppelia" with an automatic doll as the protagonist; in 1883, Collodi's "Puppet" "Adventures" came out; "The Eve of the Future" came out in 1886. In terms of mechanical manufacturing, in 1893 Moore built the "Steam Man", which relied on steam to drive its legs to move around in a circle. After entering the 20th century, the research and development of robots received more and more attention and support, and some practical robots came out one after another. In 1927, Wentzley, an engineer from the Westinghouse Company in the United States, built the first robot "telegraph box" and used it in Displayed at the World's Fair in New York. It is an electric robot equipped with a radio transmitter that can answer some questions, but the robot cannot move. In 1959, the first industrial robot (programmable, circular coordinate) was born in the United States, ushering in a new era of robot development.
4. Modern Robots
The research on modern robots began in the mid-20th century. Its technical background is the development of computers and automation, as well as the development and utilization of atomic energy. Since the advent of the first digital electronic computer in 1946, computers have made amazing progress, developing towards high speed, large capacity, and low price.
The urgent need for mass production promoted the progress of automation technology, and one of the results was the birth of CNC machine tools in 1952. Research on control and mechanical parts related to CNC machine tools has laid the foundation for the development of robots. On the other hand, the harsh environment of atomic energy laboratories requires certain operating machinery to handle radioactive materials instead of humans. Against the background of this demand, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Argonne Research Institute developed a remote-controlled manipulator in 1947, and a mechanical master-slave manipulator in 1948. Riveting robot In 1954, Dai Vol in the United States first proposed the concept of industrial robots and applied for a patent. The key point of this patent is to use servo technology to control the joints of the robot and use human hands to teach the robot movements, so that the robot can record and reproduce the movements. This is the so-called teaching reproduction robot. Almost all existing robots adopt this control method. The earliest practical models (teaching reproduction) of robot products were the "VERSTRAN" launched by the American AMF Company in 1962 and the "UNIMATE" launched by the UNIMATION Company. The control methods of these industrial robots are roughly similar to CNC machine tools, but their appearance characteristics are very different. They are mainly composed of human-like hands and arms. In 1965, MIT's Robots demonstrated the first robot system with a vision sensor that could identify and locate simple building blocks. Robot Dog: In 1967, Japan established the Artificial Hand Research Association (now renamed the Biomimetic Mechanism Research Association), and the first Japanese Robotics Academic Conference was held in the same year. In 1970, the first International Industrial Robot Academic Conference was held in the United States. After 1970, robot research became rapidly and widely popularized. In 1973, Richard Haun of Cincinnati Milacron built the first industrial robot controlled by a small computer. It was hydraulically driven and could lift a payload of up to 45 kilograms. It was not until 1980 that industrial robots became truly popular in Japan, so that year was called the “Year of Robots”. Subsequently, industrial robots have developed greatly in Japan, and Japan has won the reputation of "the kingdom of robots". Autonomous submersibles With the rapid development of computer technology and artificial intelligence technology, the functionality and technical level of robots have been greatly improved. Mobile robots and robot vision and touch technologies are typical representatives. Due to the development of these technologies, the extension of the robot concept has been promoted. In the 1980s, systems with the ability to feel, think, make decisions and act were called intelligent robots, which is a general concept with a wide range of meanings. This concept not only guides the research and application of robot technology, but also gives robot technology a huge space for the development of deep and wide. Underwater robots, space robots, aerial robots, ground robots, micro robots and other robots for various purposes have come out one after another. , many dreams became reality. The diffusion and penetration of robot technology (such as sensing technology, intelligent technology, control technology, etc.) into various fields has formed a variety of new machines - robotic machines. The current interaction and integration with information technology have given rise to the names "software robots" and "network robots", which also illustrates the innovative vitality of robots.
Edit this section of autonomous robots
According to "New Scientist" magazine, artificial intelligence expert Aaron Sloman recently issued a statement claiming that he wanted to invent A mathematician robot. He said he had found the key to "how people develop their mathematical abilities." If his idea is right, it should be possible to make robots as good at math as humans, maybe even better. Female robot with autonomous consciousness
Sloman of the University of Birmingham in the UK said: "The human brain does not operate through magic, so what the brain can do is also suitable for Robot." The robot invented by Sloman does not mean that he is a mathematical genius who can lead the world of mathematics. Sloman hopes that "all roads lead to this important new area of ??mathematics." He believes that the critical period for human mathematical ability is in childhood, so "we will create a child-like brain for the robot, allowing it to gradually develop its own mathematical destiny." In order to understand the world, babies must acquire many skills. For example, they need to acquire the knowledge that "a toy train entering a tunnel will exit at the other end of the tunnel"; or an intellectual puzzle toy, which can only be assembled by finding the appropriate joints.
Edit this paragraph Humans and Robots
With the continuous development of society, the division of labor in various industries is becoming more and more detailed. Especially in modern large industries, some people work every day. Just twist a nut on the same part of a batch of products. Some people just pick up the same thread all day long. Just like the movie "Modern Times" demonstrated, people feel that they are constantly alienated, and various occupational diseases gradually occur. Therefore, people strongly hope to use some kind of machine to replace their work, so people have developed robots to replace people to complete monotonous, boring or dangerous tasks. Due to the advent of robots, some workers lost their original jobs, so some people became hostile to robots. "When robots come to work, people will be laid off." Not only in our country, but also in some developed countries such as the United States, some people hold this view. In fact, this worry is unnecessary. Any advanced machinery and equipment will improve labor productivity and product quality, create more social wealth, and will inevitably provide more employment opportunities. This has been proven by the history of human production development. The emergence of any new thing has advantages and disadvantages, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and are quickly recognized by people. For example, the emergence of automobiles has not only taken away part of the business of rickshaw pullers and porters, but also often leads to car accidents, posing a threat to human life and property. Although people have seen these disadvantages of cars, they have become an indispensable means of transportation in people's daily lives. A well-known British politician said this about the issue of industrial robots: "Japan has the largest number of robots in the world, but the smallest number of unemployed people. The number of British robots is the smallest among developed countries, and the number of unemployed people remains high. "This also shows from another aspect that robots will not take away people's jobs. The United States is the birthplace of robots. The number of robots owned is far less than that in Japan. Part of the reason is that some workers in the United States do not welcome robots, which inhibits the development of robots. There are many reasons why Japan can quickly become a robot power, but one of the most important reasons is that Japan was short of labor at that time. Both the government and enterprises hoped to develop robots, and citizens also welcomed the use of robots. Thanks to the use of robots, Japan has also tasted the benefits. Its automobile and electronics industries have risen rapidly and quickly occupied the world market. Judging from the current trend of world industrial development, the development of robots is the only way to go. Without robots, people will become machines; with robots, people are still the masters.
Edit this paragraph LEGO RCX NXT robot
RCX is a programmable building block, which is the brain of the classroom robot (robot command system). It is the center of the entire robot system built with Lego bricks, motors, humanoid robots made with Lego robot kits
sensors, etc. It controls and directs the behavior of the robot like a brain. Using ROBOLAB software, people can create, build, and program real robots, allowing them to move, do exercises, and even "think" on their own. RCX upgrade! NXT robots! This new assembled robot is covered with sensors, allowing it to respond appropriately to the sounds and movements it senses. It also makes it more responsive to light and touch. The heart of the NXT robot is a 32-bit microprocessor that can operate the program via a PC or Mac. Optical Sensors Sensor assists to help your robot "see". It allows your robot to differentiate between light and dark skin, as well as determine the light intensity in a room, or different light intensity colors. Sound Sensor Sound sensor allows the robot to hear! The sound sensor is capable of measuring noise levels in both decibels (decibels) and DBA (frequency around 3-6 kHz where the human ear is most sensitive), as well as recognizing sound patterns and determining tone differences. Touch Sensor The touch sensor reacts to contact and release, creating a robot that "feels" like never before! It can detect single or multiple buttons, presses, and report back to nxt. Ultrasonic Sensor Where the ultrasonic sensor "sees" objects! Ultrasonic sensors are capable of detecting a target and measuring inches or centimeters in its proximity.
Edit this paragraph about robots used in the Beijing Olympics
1. Fuwa robot
Fuwa robot can sense tourists within one meter and talk to people , take photos, sing and dance, and answer questions about the Fuwa robot
used in the Olympic Games.
2. Translation robot
It can provide multi-language services to anyone and any device at any time and place.
3. Security robots
The outstanding representative is the explosive ordnance disposal robot.
Edit this paragraph Robots used at the Shanghai World Expo
1. Haibao Robot
Welcome Service (1) Automatically enter the welcome state, using Chinese and English languages Give initial greetings. (2) Guests are asked to select the service language on the touch screen, including Chinese and English, and warmly greet and introduce themselves again. (3) Smooth body movements enable dynamic anthropomorphic communication. During the welcome period, Haibao expresses its intention to shake hands with tourists through language and active hand movements at the right time. After feeling the tourists' grip and response, Haibao naturally and lightly shakes up and down to complete a vivid handshake. Voice service (1) Under the guidance of Haibao, tourists can interact with Haibao in language and ask questions. (2) Combined with body movements and sound and light effects to create a touching fashion sense. Information Services (1) Provide World Expo information platform services to introduce the Shanghai World Expo and various World Expo venues to guests. (2) Introduce guests to transferable bus routes and famous attractions near the airport and stations, and broadcast recent weather information, etc. Photography service (1) After welcoming guests/monitoring that tourists have been standing beside them for a long time/at certain attractions, Haibao will proactively ask tourists if they need photography services, including: taking photos with tourists and taking photos for tourists. In the process of preparing for a group photo, the robot will randomly pose cute poses and expressions, and ask the participants if they are satisfied. If the tourist suggests "change one", the robot will change to another posture; after the tourist expresses "ok" and other satisfactory comments, the robot will also ask the participant if he is ready. After receiving a positive reply, the robot will count down with the participant to prepare for taking pictures. . Visitors can also trigger Hypertherm’s photography service by selecting on the touch screen. Haibao will use voice to guide participants to stand at the designated location to take photos. When taking pictures, automatic focus can be achieved based on human body detection and face detection. Participants can see the photos taken on the robot's touch screen. If they are not satisfied with the photos, they can choose to retake them. We provide photo effects services for photo stickers, using technologies such as character extraction and background fusion to add interesting special effects related to the Expo theme to the photos. Visitors can choose which special effects to use, and the results of the special effects processing can be displayed in real time. Photos can be printed at the service center or uploaded. to the Internet for visitors to download. (3) Remind and control the single service time through friendly and lovely language. Navigation service (1) Whether indoors or outdoors, Haibao can know its exact location at any time. (2) Haibao learns tourists’ destinations through voice interaction or touch screen selection. (3) Plan the most convenient arrival route for tourists. Talent show (1) A variety of dances can be performed: Chinese characteristic dances, dances of various ethnic groups in China, and dances of various countries (2) Telling jokes/storytelling (3) Song collaboration leads the tour indoors, outdoors, and exhibition areas. The robot completed this area After the leading task, the tourists will be led to the service robot in the next section. The service robot in the next section will continue to lead until the tourists reach their destination. Robot Changing of Guards Ceremony: When the robot has low power, maintenance, or malfunction, the backup robot can be automatically summoned to change the guard; a scheduled robot guard-changing ceremony can be designed to be highly ornamental. Group dance performance: Brothers and sisters of the Haibao family can work together to complete group dances or queue performances.
2. Female Robots
The female robot band can dance lightly and play "Jasmine" or other music together.
3. Robots
In addition to the above, there are also robots that can perform Tai Chi, and robots with Chinese Kung Fu skills will also appear at the World Expo.
Edit this paragraph State Key Laboratory of Robotics
State Key Laboratory of Robotics (State Key Laboratory of Robotics) relies on the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Automation
p>It was formerly the Open Laboratory of Robotics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The laboratory is the earliest departmental key laboratory established in the field of robotics in my country. Academician Jiang Xinsong, a famous scientist in the field of robotics in my country, served as the director of the laboratory from 1989 to 1997. In the past two decades, the laboratory has developed in step with the international advanced level in the research on basic theories and methods of robotics, and has achieved a number of influential scientific research results in the frontier exploration and demonstration application of robotics technology, which fully demonstrates the laboratory's ability to The ability to solve major national scientific and technological problems. At present, my country's "Xinsong Robot" company in Shenyang Hunnan Technology Development Zone is my country's base for this scientific research field. The overall level of robotics research in this laboratory is at the core and leading position in related fields in China, and it is a robotics research base with important influence at home and abroad. The National Key Laboratory of Robotics is positioned to provide the robotics technology and systems needed for my country's economic and social development, national security and major scientific projects, research basic theories and methods of robotics, develop feasible technologies and platform prototype systems, and cultivate and gather people engaged in robotics. High-level talents in robotics research promote the sustainable development of my country's advanced robotics technologies and systems. It is mainly oriented towards the development of advanced robot systems with perception, thinking and action capabilities, and research on basic theoretical methods, key technologies, robot system integration technology and robot application technology of robotics. The laboratory insists on being open to the outside world and attracts experts and scholars at home and abroad to carry out exchanges and cooperative research. Through the establishment of fund projects, the laboratory has established contacts with nearly 30 domestic universities, research institutes and enterprises engaged in robotics research, covering almost all domestic units engaged in robotics research. In recent years, the laboratory has established targeted cooperative relationships with well-known domestic and foreign scientific research teams based on its own development direction. These cooperations have played an important role in strengthening the discipline construction of the laboratory, understanding national needs, and establishing targeted demonstration and verification systems. Underwater robot: Rofish is a series of bionic robotic fish products. This product uses advanced electronic and mechanical technology to simulate the swimming way of fish, and uses new materials to accurately simulate its appearance, making it look like the real thing. Rofish adopts a structured design method and high-stability motors to ensure the stability of its products. There are two control options: serial port/USB control and remote control control. The product core adopts Bootloader wireless programming, and the swimming program can be changed at any time to adapt to the actual environment. Performance parameters: ? Body length: 20cm--80cm, special sizes can be customized. ? Appearance: koi, goldfish, dolphin, shark, etc., can be customized. ? Swimming speed: 1BL/S. BL is the body length, that is, the swimming speed is related to the body length, and the swimming speed is 1 times the body length per second. ? Continuous working time: 3--4 hours, powered by lithium power battery. ? Communication method: RF communication or Sonar communication, choose one. ? Control method: serial port/USB control or remote control control, you can choose one of the two. The serial port/USB control method can control multiple robotic fish at the same time. Through simple programming control, multiple fish can chase each other, play, etc.
Edit this paragraph about robots
1. Have a body 2. Has memory or program function 3. It has a brain. In 1886, the French writer Lil Adam named the human-looking machine "Android" in his novel "The Eve of the Future". It consists of 4 parts: 1. Life system (balance, Walking, vocalization, body swing, feeling, expression, regulating movements, etc.); 2. Modeling solution (a metal covering that allows the joints to move freely, a kind of armor); 3. Artificial muscle (the above-mentioned armor has flesh, veins, Various forms of the body such as gender); 4. Artificial skin (including skin color, mechanism, contour, hair, vision, teeth, claws, etc.). In the 1984 movie "Terminator", there was the idea of ??a leather-wrapped robot; in the 1991 movie "Terminator 2", there was the concept of a liquid metal robot; in the 2003 movie "Terminator 3", a solid-liquid hybrid robot appeared. A variety of autonomous intelligent biochemical robots have gradually emerged in film and television works, and solid-liquid hybrid autonomous intelligent biochemical robots will also be born.
Edit this paragraph Japan's latest robot
The Nagoya City Commercial Design Institute of the American Fighting Robot Dog BIGDOG
launched a new robot "Cyber ??Rabbit". Its two ears can change into many positions and respond to human voices.
"Internet Rabbit" is connected to the computer at home through wireless communication. If there is an email, it will read it to people and can also play Internet radio programs. The most interesting thing is that different "Internet Rabbits" can also "get married" and "break up". Through the Internet connection, the ears of one of the "Internet Rabbits" can make a movement, and its distant "partner" will then make the same move. action. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' nanny robot "Wakamaru" has been the star of various robot exhibitions for several consecutive years, and it still attracted everyone's attention at this exhibition. "Wakamaru" can come to its owner's bedside in the morning and report the day's weather or news headlines. It can also remember the owner's birthday or remind the owner of their wedding anniversary. The robot "Paro" manufactured by the Japan Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology and used to accompany the elderly and children, and Honda's "Asimo" bipedal walking robot also continue to attract attention. ASIMO: The bipedal walking robot developed by Honda was first unveiled at a robot exhibition held at the Yokohama International Peace Conference Center in November 2000. In December 2006, Honda improved the performance of "Asimo", adding its joints and motors so that it could trot at a speed of 6 kilometers per hour, and also reduced its height from the original 1.2 meters. Raised to 1.3 meters. The United States has successfully developed a combat robot dog, causing a sensation on the Internet. Recently, the United States officially released a video about a military robot dog. In the video, the robot dog demonstrated its amazing mobility and adaptability, causing a sensation on the Internet in one fell swoop. The research and development company said that after testing, the robot dog can transport ammunition, food and other items to soldiers on the battlefield. Japan's first singing robot, HRP-4C Wei Meng, can sing and dance. According to a report by Agence France-Presse on October 17, 2010, Japan's Institute of Advanced Industrial Technology recently developed a beauty robot that can learn and imitate human singing. This robot is called "HRP-4". It is 1.58 meters tall and about the same size as a human being. Not only can she sing beautiful songs like a real person, but she can also imitate the rich facial expressions of human singers. Japan's Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has adopted a technology called Choreonoid, which means that it allows robots to imitate human dance movements. Recently, this robot has been unveiled at the Digital Products Expo in Tokyo. [3]
Edit this paragraph Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics
He based his analysis on the information left by Dr. Ronning in the 3D projector before his death and the investigation of the suicide scene , the suspect targeted Sonny, the NS-5 robot developed by Dr. Langing himself, and company president Lawrence Robertson also seemed to be related to this matter. Spooner gets acquainted with Susan Kevin (Bridget Ninahan), a female scientist who specializes in the psychology of robots. As the two investigate further, the truth is revealed step by step: the robot actually has the ability to evolve itself. , they have their own understanding of the "Three Laws", and they will transform into "mechanical enemies" of the entire human race at any time. In most science fiction works, robots have human shapes and even wear various fashionable mechas. They are quite smart. "I, Robot" and Disney's "Wall-E" are representatives of this type of robot. There is also a category of mechas, which protect humans and are controlled by humans. There are many such robots in the recent hit movie "Avatar". The other type is the cute type. They have no majestic equipment, cool appearance, or various tricks. They just bring happiness to people. They are not war robots, but "pseudo robots" in peace. "People", like the protagonist in the Sino-Japanese cooperative film "Astro Boy" is an example.
Edit this paragraph Do robots have to look like humans?
Some people think that the most advanced robots should do exactly the same thing as humans, but this is not the case. In fact, a robot is a mechanical and electronic device that can imitate certain human skills, which is a combination of mechanical transmission and modern microelectronics technology. It is developed on the basis of electronic, mechanical and information technology. However, robots do not necessarily have to look like humans. As long as they can independently complete some human skills or dangerous tasks, they are members of the robot family.
Edit this paragraph The world’s first robot
The world’s first truly practical industrial robot was born in the early 1960s. It looks like a tank turret. There is a mechanical arm on the base. It can rotate around the axis on the base. There is a smaller mechanical arm on the arm that can "open" and "make a fist".
The driving force for the development of drones - modern warfare
Japan develops a beautiful robot that can sing and dance like a real person
Machines, technology, inventions, artificial intelligence, robots
2. The original meaning of search engine terminology robot is robot. In search engine optimization SEO, we often translate it as: detector. Sometimes, you will encounter crawlers and spiders, which are all detectors, but they are called differently. 3. Editor of scientific academic journals The original meaning of Robot "Robot" is a national academic journal jointly sponsored by the Chinese Society of Automation and the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is published bimonthly, A4 format, 96 pages, serial number: ISSN1002-0446; CN21-1137/ TP, mailing code 8-59, published on the 15th of each month, priced at 15 yuan. This journal was founded in 1979, originally named "Foreign Automation". In 1979, it became a domestic and foreign publicly distributed journal. In 1986, it was renamed "Robots". "Robotics" has columns such as papers and reports, summaries and introductions, research communications, and short articles. It mainly reports on China's academic progress and research results in robotics and related fields, as well as application examples of robots in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. , publishing papers on robot control, mechanics, sensor technology, machine intelligence and pattern recognition, machine vision, etc. Inclusion status: Chinese Natural Science Core Journals China Academic Journals Abstracts China Academic Journals Comprehensive Evaluation Database Chinese Journals Full-text Database Chinese Science Citation Database INSPEC Database EI PageOne Database Entry Album More Albums
"Robot" is in Definition in Chinese-English dictionary (source: Baidu Dictionary):
1.a robot
Let me improve the related entries of "robot":
FLL factory Automation automation CNC machine tool automatic control aircraft instrument computer industrial automation industrial robot instrumentation
FLL factory automation automation CNC machine tool automatic control aircraft instrument computer industrial automation industrial robot instrumentation mechanical pattern recognition artificial intelligence injection molding machine special manipulator mind science Biochemical Robot Mini Doraemon Plan Suzhong Jiangdu Airport