An ancient poem says:
"When you meet in Gusu, people will rest on the river. The houses in Suzhou city were connected and there was no open space; Even on the river branch, the bridge is full of bridges.
how many bridges have been built in Suzhou, which has been around for thousands of years? This is really difficult to explore.
However, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once described it as follows:
"Green waves flow from east to west, north to south, and red lan39 bridges.
Yuanyang has wings, and willows cross each other. "
It can be seen that as far back as the Tang Dynasty, it has been a place with many small bridges and charming scenery.
Small bridge, which prospers economy and breeds culture. It haunts people's hearts: the bridge in Suzhou has its beautiful names: person: Lushilang Bridge, Zhoutaibao Bridge, Lishitang Bridge and Santaiwei Bridge; person: crossing the monk bridge, Yinma Bridge, Jianjinqiao Bridge and crossing the army bridge; According to orientation: Wuxian East Bridge, Zicheng Rear Bridge, Zhufangzhai Front Bridge and Yongxisi West Bridge; according to wishes and prayers: Shenghu Bridge, Puji Bridge, Jishan Bridge and Le 'an Bridge. It also has many touching legends: in ancient times, there were two sages, one was the law sea, and the other was the piano high. One day, when they passed by the bridge, they saw a carp in the green water river, with its head horn, belly feet, drum wings and bat heels. Qin Gao Qizhi jumped into the river and jumped on the carp's back. Who knows, the big carp flew away unexpectedly. Qin Gao emerged from this and became immortal. Luogua Bridge, in the early Song Dynasty, Lv Mengzheng fell to Suzhou for begging. One morning, when I arrived at the vinegar workshop bridge, I saw a farmer carrying watermelons and two ginger and heading east in a hurry. Suddenly a melon fell to the ground, and Meng was shouting at it. When the farmer saw that it was a poor scholar, he left it behind. Be honest and grateful. It can be said that every bridge in Suzhou has its own charm and charm: Wuqie Bridge, which is simple in ancient style, is the oldest stone arch bridge in Suzhou, which was built together with Hebian City for more than two thousand years. Straight street in front of the main entrance of Zicheng, named after Wu Wang built the Wuqie Pavilion here in the Spring and Autumn Period. This is a famous bridge integrating politics, economy, literature and architectural art. Originally, the construction of Kangshi in Zhouwu: the whole is red, and Wei Wei stands tall. Compared with other bridges in the city, it stands out from the crowd.
According to historical records,
The top of the arch of Wuqie Bridge confronts the roof of Sanqing Hall in the mysterious temple. Climbing high and overlooking, like two dragons lying still. Whenever dusk comes, Wuqie Bridge has another kind of scenery: under the moonlight, the sky is folded and transparent, like a jade carving, which is quite spectacular. In this regard, poets of all ages all competed to chant and express their feelings. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was once the secretariat of Suzhou, has poems such as "Wuqiuqiao is like a sunset with the sun" and "Wuqiuqiao University is cool in autumn". In "Wandering on March 3rd", there is also a beautiful sentence such as "Yellow Crane Lane is eager to talk, and Wuqiuqie River is eager to sell". I really love it.
In Song Dynasty, Yang Bei wrote in "Poems of Shangyuan":
"The moon stars move the water to shine on the sky, and the birds and magpies in the south are dancing.
Gao Qi, a Ming Dynasty man, also left a message: "The black magpie flies to the south and the moon is self-evident, and it hates the milky way; At night, Wu Wa crossed the bridge, only knowing that the Weaver Girl was on the horizon. "Chant.
wuqueqiao, how much poetic and picturesque it has created: wuqueqiao, which has experienced many vicissitudes, has risen and fallen several times and changed its appearance several times with the changes of history.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the end of the Republic of China, a major renovation was carried out. In 1934, it was rebuilt as Huqiao in order to facilitate traffic.
In p>1987, it was widened and renovated again, and in order not to damage the ancient style, the original stone arch of the bridge was still preserved in the lower part.
therefore, today's wuque bridge still maintains its original features without losing a landscape in Suzhou. Yes, when the sunset is spreading and the whole Wuqie Bridge is transparent and red, can you stand on the bridge and not be sentimental?
Can the well-known Fengqiao think so, because of a poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" written by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "frosty night, Jiangfeng fishing and sleeping, Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell strikes the passenger ship. "and make the maple bridge fly far and wide, and become famous? It seems that it can be determined in this way. Not only did it change its name from "Bridge Closure" to "Fengqiao", but it was also evidenced by the poem "Painting a Bridge 2 Reflects the River, and Fengqiao is the most famous in the poem" written by Gao Qi, a poet in the Ming Dynasty.
Fengqiao is located in Fengqiao Town, seven miles away from Yanmen, Suzhou.
It is located in Fengqiao Bay of the Canal, far away from Jiangcun Bridge in front of Hanshan Temple. Both double bridges are crescent-shaped and single-arched. It is difficult to determine the date of its construction: after Xianfeng was destroyed for ten years, it was rebuilt for six years. According to "Hanshan Temple Records"! This was the main road of land and water transportation in ancient times. Because there was a "grain card" in those days, when the "imperial grain" was transported northward, the river was blocked and other ships were prohibited from sailing to ensure the smooth flow of imperial grain. Hence the name "Bridge Closure". Fan Chengda's "County Land" compiled in the Southern Song Dynasty records that "Fengqiao Bridge has been famous since ancient times, and there are no people who don't want to write poems on the bridge deck." Among all the poems, I want to be the first to promote "a night-mooring near maple bridge". It can be said that it has been told from generation to generation since the Tang Dynasty.
Nowadays, Fu Nuo is well known not only in China, but also in Japan and Southeast Asia.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the area from Changmen to Fengqiao was already known as a place of commercial prosperity with "3, buildings with green sleeves and millions of water".
At that time, there was a common saying:
"Look for the price of Fengqiao, and don't be fooled by buying things.
however, the Qing government did not repair its military equipment and its coastal defense was abandoned, so the enemy often harassed it; In order to effectively defend against foreign invasion, the people of Suzhou built another tall building at the east end of Fengqiao, which is called "Tielingguan".
from then on, the bridge and the pass are tied together, and the west of the town is guarded, and there is a tendency that "if you go there, you can't open it."
It's raining in the spring rain, at the ancient canal bay, the maple bridge is lying across, the majestic pass is magnificent, the flowing water is ringed, and the scale of the boat is gathered:
Nearby, the Hanshan Temple, an ancient temple of the Six Dynasties, lives quietly in the winding yellow wall, which is solemn and solemn:
Looking at the distance again, the ancient Suzhou City is surrounded by misty rain and clouds.
this scene is really hard to forget.
oh, it's no wonder that the ancients felt that "the grass outside Changzhou Garden is rustling, but it's a long time to travel around the city, so we have to remember other seasons and cross the maple bridge at dusk."
The towering Wumen Bridge is located in the only remaining ruins of the ancient city in Suzhou, and it is also the only land and water gate Panmen in China (Panmen was built in the first year of the closure of the King of Wu, originally named Panmen, and there are dragons on the door to show the suppression of Yue.
later, because of the twists and turns of land and water, it was called Panmen.
in addition, it was built in the seventh year of Song Yuanfeng (184), rebuilt in Song Shaoding Middle School, and rebuilt in succession in Ming Zhengtong, Hongzhi and Qing Shunzhi, Yongzheng and Tongzhi.
The middle of the bridge gate is crowned with the word "Wumen Bridge", and the words "Reconstruction of Jiangsu Water Conservancy General Administration in the 11th year of Tongzhi" are engraved on the partition walls on both sides.
Wumen Bridge is the highest and largest single-hole stone arch bridge in Suzhou, with a span of 14 meters and a height of 4 meters, and a narrow top and a wide bottom.
The top is 4.95 meters, and the bottom is 5.7 meters. Architects think that this is to ensure the stability of the bridge.
it's all made of Jinshan stone, with two stone steps connected at both ends, each reaching 5 steps: the arch peak in the middle is towering.
It is said that in the old days, of all the bridges in Suzhou, only the Wumen Bridge could be used for sailing.
therefore, even if a strong man and a young woman rush to the bridge in one breath, they will have to gasp for breath, and what's more, will the old woman win? Wumen Bridge is now not only the main thoroughfare on the ancient canal, but also an important tourist attraction in Suzhou.
It, Panmen Ancient Waterland Gate and Ruiguang Pagoda have formed a scenic tourist attraction in the southwest of Suzhou City.
In recent years, many Chinese and foreign tourists who come to Suzhou hope to travel by car and enjoy seeing the colorful scenery of Panmen.
The small and exquisite bridge leading to tranquility is called "Little Jasper" in the ancient bridge. It is located in the Netscape Garden in Shiquan Street.
Master Wang Garden covers an area of less than 1 mu, and Chen Congzhou, a famous landscape expert, called it "the best garden in Suzhou". Since ancient times, gardening has required natural scenery in the world, and there are mountains and water.
If there is water, manage it:
If you manage water, you will build a bridge.
in landscape architecture, Liangwu Banqiao is often the main bridge.
why? Arch bridges have great potential, which are often found in wide areas of water, and are not easy to coordinate with gardens, so they are generally not used.
otherwise, a miniature stone arch bridge is created, which is unique. It is o．94 meters wide, 2.5 meters long, 1.3 meters across, .2 meters thick in vault and .2 meters high in stone arch fence. Although it is only one step long, the ancient stone arch bridge has all the characteristics. It is really "a sparrow is small, but it has all the five internal organs." It can't be said that it is a successful example of arch bridge in garden.
Many gardens in Suzhou are centered on pools, surrounded by pavilions, with flowers and trees in the mountains. The same is true of Netscape. The leading bridge is built on the side of "Hill Congguixuan", and it is waded with "Woying Shuige" and "Duck Shooting Gallery". They are cleverly combined with the low-rise pool to form a special world.
The graceful bridge leading to tranquility has become the "small jasper" in this "heaven and earth".
Due to the compact layout, the diversion bridge is small and large; Because the bridge is small, the static bridge also makes that pool of spring water wider; Because there is a meandering inlet in the southeast and northwest corner of the pool, it is felt that the pool has the meaning of prolonged waves and endless sources.
This shows that the gardener is original.
It can be said:
In the whole landscape of Master Wang Garden, the Yinjing Bridge plays a finishing touch with its unique charm.
In the dead of night, in the middle of the moonlight, when you stand alone on this bridge, look around the surrounding scenery, and look down at the full moon, quiet bridge and figures hanging in the inkstone pool, can you not feel that this is a kind of scene blending? The magnificent baodai bridge, also known as Long Bridge, together with Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge, is called the top ten famous bridges in China.
Lying on the Ya Ya River between the ancient canal three kilometers away from Sioux City and Dan Tai Lake (it is said that Tantai Mieming, a disciple of Confucius, lived here, and his back house fell into a lake).
it was built in the 11th to 14th years of Tang Yuanhe (AD 816-819), and it is a well-known porous stone arch bridge at home and abroad.
It is now listed as a first-class cultural relic protection stand in Jiangsu Province.
The construction of baodai bridge is closely related to the water transportation in the history of our country. Since ancient times, the areas along the Yangtze River and Zhejiang have been the land of plenty, and emperors of all dynasties have taken it as an important place to collect wealth.
In the sixth year of the Great cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 61), Emperor Yang dug the Grand Canal in the south of the Yangtze River, and transported a large number of grains and treasures from Jiangxi to Kyoto.
By the time of the Tang Dynasty, the submarine transportation had been unprecedentedly busy. However, a section of the canal from Suzhou to Jiaxing was a north-south wine ship full of imperial grain, so it was very difficult to push forward against the northwest in autumn and winter. However, at the junction of Dan Tai Lake and the Canal, there is a gap about 3-4 meters wide, so it is necessary to fill the embankment with soil, "thinking that it is a way to change boats"; however, a "filling the embankment" will also cut off the access of the lakes to the sea through Wusong River, and the embankment will be washed by the rushing lake, so it is imperative to replace the embankment with a bridge. Wang Zhongshu, the secretariat of Suzhou, made up his mind to order a wide barge to lead the way, build a bridge lake, and donate his jade ribbon to fill the bridge (hence the name baodai bridge).
after the completion of the bridge, it was rebuilt and rebuilt six times in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (including one repair by Lin Zexu). In September 1956, a highway bridge parallel to it was built on the west side of the ancient bridge.
In this way, it not only lightens the load of baodai bridge, but also provides convenience for tourists to enjoy the ancient bridge from the side.
the deck of jiadai bridge is wide and flat, with 53 holes under it, with a length of 249.8 meters.
the total length is 317 meters and the width is 4.1 meters.
the northern approach is 23.4m and the southern approach is 43.6m..
the bridge is flared, and the lower end is two meters wide. There are a pair of mighty green stone lions at each end of the bridge, and there are four stone pavilions and five-level octagonal stone pagodas at the northern end. The stone pagoda is 4 meters high, carved with a whole piece of blue stone carving, with a square base and carved waves and dragons: the pagoda is also made of stones. Each level has eight sides, each with Buddha birds, and there are Buddha statues in the box. There is also a similar tower on the water dish stone between holes 26 and 27.
The whole baodai bridge is as long and narrow as a belt, with many holes. It is reflected in the water, and the reality and reality meet each other. It is like floating in black dragon, and it is like a towering cloud. It not only provides convenience for pedestrians to lead their husbands, but also adds beautiful scenery to the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. In engineering technology, it uses flexible piers. In this way, multiple bridge holes can be prevented from collapsing in chain. Its arch construction method is different from the single arch combination of Zhaozhou Bridge and the stone arch construction of Lugou Bridge, but it adopts a "multi-hinged arch" which combines the best of both. This is extremely rare in the history of ancient bridge construction.
"You can borrow it from the mountains, but you don't use it as a beam.
go straight up from the dike and cross the middle of the water.
It's autumn with egrets and sunset with black dragon.
The sound of the waves began that night and merged into the list of songs.
This is the description of it by the monks who lived well in the Yuan Dynasty. It can be seen that in Yuan Dynasty, it was not only a large-scale stone arch bridge, but also a busy transportation task.
"The lake in Dan Tai is as green as oil, and the horse in baodai bridge is floating. You can choose 3, trees with your lips, and go for a spring outing in the flowers every year.
"In the bright spring season, you can look around the bridge:
The Grand Canal and Dan Tai Lake on both sides of the bridge are rippling:
In the distance, the mountains above, the ancient pagodas and Wei trees are lush: around Yuan Ye, the flowers are golden, the peaches are pink and the wheat waves are rolling.
in the spring breeze, why didn't visitors get a little drunk yesterday?
Bridge stands on water and stands in nature: it not only makes itself a member of nature, but also embellishes the nature that accompanies it day and night.
Suzhou's famous ancient bridge is practical and artistic: it stands in harmony with the ancient water town.
In terms of modeling, it varies a lot:
Some are curved like a new moon, some are straight like a bird's wing, or give people lightness, or give people vigor, or give people warmth.
in the environment, it harmoniously increases and merges: these famous ancient bridges are not only integrated with nature, but also reminiscent and fascinating.
People like "a night-mooring near maple bridge" and "Three Men of Wu" have drunk many literati and fascinated many painters' hearts: it is accompanied by its own architecture, stone carvings, stone tablets and so on.
These are not only evidences of today's history, but also closely related to folk customs, legends of sleeve talk and so on.
Suzhou famous ancient bridge has a long history!
Xumen Wannian Bridge is the most typical representative of the bridge. Together with baodai bridge in the southern suburbs and Caiyun Bridge in Shantang, it was once called "Sandingjia" champion bridge by Suzhou people. It is typical because the dispute over the origin and life experience of Wannian Bridge is confusing, such as