"Mo Shang Sang" is a Yuefu poem from the Han Dynasty. It was first seen in "Book of Song·Yue Zhi" compiled by Shen Yue of the Southern Dynasty, titled "Yan Ge Luo Fu Xing". "New Odes of Yutai" edited by Xu Ling of the Southern Dynasties also included this poem, titled "Sunrise Traveling to the Southeast Corner". Guo Maoqian of the Zhao and Song dynasties edited the "Collection of Yuefu Poems" and included the poem in "Xianghe Song Ci". Cao Cao also wrote "Mo Shang Sang", but its content is different from that of Han Yuefu. In addition, in modern times, Hu Lancheng wrote an article "Mo Shang Sang".
Name: Mo Shang Sang
Date: Southern Dynasty
Author collected and compiled by the Yuefu Bureau of the Han Dynasty
Genre Five Ancient Poems
Sourced from Han Yuefu
From the Yuefu Poetry Anthology Edit the original text of this work
Mo Shang Sang
The sun rises in the southeast corner and shines on my Qin Family Tower. The Qin family had a good daughter who named herself Luofu.
Luo Fu is good at sericulture and picks mulberry in the south corner of the city; green silk is used as a cage tie, and cinnamon twigs are used as cage hooks.
The Japanese is wearing a bun on her head, and there are bright moon beads in her ears; Xianqi is the lower skirt, and purple qi is the upper skirt.
The traveler saw Luofu and put down his shoulder to smooth his mustache; the young man saw Luofu and took off his hat and bowed his head.
The plower forgets his plow, the hoeer forgets his hoe; he comes and returns angry, but he sits and watches Luo Fu.
The envoy came from the south, and the five horses stood hesitant. The envoy sent his officials to ask whose concubine she was?
"The Qin family has a good daughter who calls herself Luofu."
"How old is Luofu?" "Twenty is not enough, but fifteen is quite enough."
>The envoy thanked Luofu and said, "Would you rather marry me?"
Luofu said in front of him: "What a fool you are! You have your own wife, and Luofu has your own husband."
There are more than a thousand horses in the East, and the husband is at the top. What is the use of knowing the husband? It can be worth more than ten million.
He is a junior official in the 15th dynasty, a senior official in the 20th dynasty, a minister in the 30s, and a resident in the city of 40th. There are beards; Yingying's palace is full of people, and thousands of people are sitting in the palace, and they all say that the husband and son-in-law are special."
Difficult to pronounce. (yú) apply (fū) cage system (xì) Japanese (wō) fall (duò)
Bun (jì) 缃 (xiāng) 绮 (qǐ) 襦 (rú) 捋 (lǚ)
Mustache (zī) must be worn with a bow (zhuó qiào), hesitation (chí chú) Shu (shū)
I would rather (nìng) *** carry (zǎi) than (fǒu) more than a thousand rides ( jì) Li (lí) Ju (jū) Department (jì) Horsetail
Word explanation
[Mo Shang Sang]: Mo: the road in the field. Sang: Sang Lin.
〔Southeast corner〕: Refers to the south of the east. Yu, direction, corner. Our country is in the northern hemisphere. After the summer solstice, it becomes increasingly southerly, so the sun rises in the southeast corner.
[Likes sericulture]: Likes to pick mulberries. Hi, some books call it "good".
[Green silk as cage tie]: Use black silk to make the rope on the basket. Cage, basket. Tie, rope (the rope that wraps around the basket).
[Cage hook]: a tool:. They are used to hook mulberry branches when picking mulberries and to carry bamboo baskets when walking.
〔瀭倭妳妳〕: That is, the hair bun is tilted to one side, in a falling shape. Wadui is a word with overlapping rhymes.
[Moon Beads in Ears]: Wearing earrings made of orbs on the ears. The bright moon bead is a large orb.
〔烮绮〕: Light yellow patterned silk fabric.
〔襦〕: short coat.
[Putting down the burden and stroking the beard]: Put down the burden and stroke the beard (and the following poem both describe being enchanted).
Stroke, caress. Mustache, the beard above the lips. Beard: The beard that grows on the chin.
〔Take off your hat and wear a shawl〕: Take off your hat and only wear a gauze scarf. In ancient times, when men wore hats, they first tied their hair with a scarf and then put on the hat. Wear, wear. Wutou, a turban worn by ancient men to tie their hair.
[Youth]: Gu Yi (10-15 years old) male
(Dan): Just.
〔Sitting〕: Because, because.
[Shijun]: The general name for prefects and governors in the Han Dynasty.
[五马]: refers to the five-horse carriage that the envoy rides on. The prefect of the Han Dynasty used a five-horse cart to travel.
〔hesitating〕: Hesitating. Also known as "hesitant".
〔Shu〕: Beautiful woman.
〔Po〕: A little
〔Xie]: Here is the meaning of "Excuse me".
[Rather]: Willing.
(不): means “no”.
〔一何〕: How, how.
[Eastern]: refers to the place where the husband is an official.
〔Qianyu Qi〕: Generally refers to the people who follow the husband-in-law.
[At the top]: At the front of the line. It means high status and respected by others.
[Why use]: What to use (mark).
[Liju]: a black pony. This refers to horses.
〔銊): Pure black
〔Golden horse head]: The horse wears a golden halter on its head. Network, here refers to being covered with a mesh.
[Lu Lu Sword]: The handle of the sword is wrapped with silk ribbon, looking like Lu Lu. Lulu is a windlass, a tool used to draw water from a well.
〔More than ten million〕: Thousands of dollars (money).
[Little official]: A minor official in the prefecture. Some books are called "brief histories".
[Chao Dafu]: A high-ranking civil servant in the imperial court. The name of the palace in the Han Dynasty was doctor. Da (dà)
[Shi Zhonglang]: The guard officer who enters and exits the palace.
[Exclusive city residence]: As an officer of a city (such as a prefect, etc.). Exclusive, exclusive.
〔Fairness〕: Refers to white skin.
[鬑鬑 quite bearded]: The beard is sparse and long, and the beard and hair are sparse. White face and beard were the standard for handsome men in ancient times. Quite; slightly.
〔Yingying〕: The appearance is dignified and beautiful.
(Ran Ran): Walking slowly.
〔Gongfu Steps〕: Putting on the official position, walking squarely.
〔Special〕: outstanding, different, extraordinary.
〔Speech〕: Same as "speech", that is, a reply.
Different meanings in ancient and modern times
1. But sit and watch Luofu (sitting), the ancient meaning; because. Today's meaning: sit down.
2. To thank Luofu (thank you), the ancient meaning; please ask. Today's meaning: thank you, say thank you.
3. Would rather ***Zai not (rather), ancient meaning; willing. Today's meaning: indicates the choice of association.
Inflection of parts of speech
1. Luo Fu is good at sericulture (sericulture), {noun as verb; "picking mulberry and raising silkworms"}
2. Green silk as a cage Department (department), {verb as noun; "rope"}
3. Luofu Qianzhi (front), {positional noun as verb; "step forward"}
The sun rises from the southeast and shines on our Qin family’s small building. There was a beautiful girl in the Qin family, whose real name was Luo Fu. Luofu was good at raising silkworms and picking mulberries. One day he was picking mulberries on the south side of the city. Use black silk to make the ropes on the basket, and use cinnamon branches to make the handles on the basket. She wears a ponytail bun on her head and earrings made of orbs on her ears. She wears light yellow patterned silk as her lower skirt and purple damask as her short jacket. When the walkers saw Luofu, they put down their burdens and stroked their beards (looking at her). When the young man saw Luo Fu, he couldn't help but take off his hat and rearrange his turban, hoping to attract Luo Fu's attention. Those who cultivated the land forgot that they were plowing, and those who hoeed the land forgot that they were hoeing. When they came back, they complained about themselves because they were greedy for Luofu's beauty.
The prefect came here by car from the south. The five horses pulling the cart stopped and hesitated. The prefect sent a young official over to ask whose family this beautiful girl was. The clerk replied: "She is the daughter of the Qin family, and she is named Luofu.
The prefect asked again: "How old is Luo Fu?" The clerk replied: "I'm not even twenty yet, I'm already over fifteen." The prefect asked Luo Fu, "Would you like to ride with me?"
Luofu stepped forward and replied: "Prefect, why are you so stupid!" Taishou, you originally had a wife, Luofu I originally had a husband. (Her husband is an official) In the east, there are more than a thousand followers, and he is at the forefront. How do I identify my husband? The official riding the white horse followed by the little black horse is the official. The horse's tail is tied with black silk, and the horse wears a golden halter on its head. It wears a Lu Lu sword on its waist. The sword can be worth thousands of dollars. At the age of fifteen, He worked as a minor official in the prefecture, became a doctor in the court at the age of twenty, became the emperor's minister at the age of thirty, and became the lord of a city at the age of forty. He has fair skin and some beard; he steps slowly and squarely in the palace and enters and exits the palace calmly. (During a gathering in the prefect’s seat) There were thousands of people present, and they all said that my husband was outstanding. ”
Dialysis
In the first paragraph, write about Luo Fu’s beauty. First, write about the beauty of the environment and the beauty of the utensils to set off her beauty, and then focus on her The beauty of her clothes, and finally her beauty are highlighted through side descriptions. Whether they are travelers or young people, whether they are cultivators or hoeers, they all admire her beauty, which arouses the reader's imagination. This paragraph describes her physical beauty, which sets up the following. The beauty of the soul; it writes about the healthy feelings of the working people towards Luo Fu, which contrasts with the evil intentions of the commander in the following paragraphs. In the second paragraph, it is written that the commander covets Luo Fu's beauty and makes unreasonable demands on her. After hesitating, Shijun drooled over Luo Fu, and then approached him to talk, asking for his name and age, and finally made a shameless request to have sex with Luo Fu, which exposed Shijun's dirty soul. Jun's language and behavior go deeper and deeper. In the third paragraph, Luo Fu rejects Shi Jun and praises her husband to overwhelm him. This paragraph is composed entirely of Luo Fu's responses to Shi Jun's teasing and making Jun stupid. She declared that she already had a husband, who was majestic, prosperous, prosperous, good in appearance, and talented. Luo Fu's sharp tongue made the envoy who thought he was prominent feel ashamed, while Luo Fu was not afraid of power and dared to compete with power. The spirit of struggle is fully reflected, showing her personality charm.
Appreciation
The whole poem is divided into three sections, the section of the poem. It is roughly consistent with the content of the lyrics. The first interpretation goes from the beginning to "But sit and watch Luofu" and mainly describes Luofu's beauty. The second interpretation starts from "The king comes from the south" to "Luofu has her own husband". The prefect coveted Luo Fu's appearance and wanted to "come home" with her, but Luo Fu sternly refused. The third interpretation starts from "More than a Thousand Riders from the East" to the end, and writes about Luo Fu's intention of praising his husband in front of the prefect. The purpose is to completely dispel the prefect's evil thoughts and make him feel ashamed of his frivolous behavior.
The poet successfully created a beautiful, witty, lively, kind and lovely female image. When you know a person, you always first know his appearance, and then you can understand his soul. The image of Luo Fu in "Mo Shang Sang" also follows the general order of people's recognition of characters, which is expressed in the way of writing: appearance and character. When Luo Fu first appeared, she only gave people a general impression of a "good girl". As the narrative unfolds, through the beauty of her clothes and the various performances in which passers-by are attracted to her after seeing her, the image of "good girl" is gradually revealed in the readers. In the second and third interpretations, the poet's writing shifted from describing appearance to expressing temperament. Through the dialogue between Luo Fu and Shijun, her resistance to evil and temptation, and her upright character were fully demonstrated. . From her fluent and decent answers, which are also a little naughty and mocking, it can be seen that she is cheerful, lively, generous, confident in herself, and good at using wisdom to protect herself from being harmed. Of course, this is only a general rule. To sum up, in fact, the work is also flexible in this regard. For example, although the first interpretation mainly describes her appearance, "Luofu likes sericulture" also shows her good qualities of loving labor; although the second and third interpretations mainly reveal her inner emotions, the second interpretation makes Jun hesitate and clear. It also secretly reflects the charm of Luo Fu's beauty. The third interpretation of Luo Fu praises her husband's appearance, and the first interpretation summarizes Luo Fu's beauty "from afar" (Volume 5 of Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems"), which can be seen incorrectly. Is it the beautiful figure of Luofu himself? The Luo Fu described by the poet is beautiful in appearance, thus giving this artistic image a higher aesthetic value.
After reading the complete poem, people's love for Luo Fu is deeper and more sincere than the attitude of the oblivious onlookers in the poem, because they are only attracted by Luo Fu's appearance, but the readers admire Luo Fu's character. . In this sense, the difference between "Mo Shang Sang" and "The Book of Songs·Shuo Ren" in depicting the image of beauties lies not only in the difference in specific techniques (this point will be discussed below), but also in that they are relatively simple. This latter point obviously has more important significance in the history of the creation of literary images.
In terms of writing techniques in "Mo Shang Sang", what is most praised is the side contrast and contrast. For example, the first interpretation of the beauty of Luofu does not use the usual formula of "Shuo Ren" to directly describe the appearance of a specific object, but uses indirect, static and dynamic descriptions to hint at the beauty of the characters. First, we will write about Luofu's mulberry-picking equipment and the bright and dazzling clothes she wears. It is also important to highlight the beauty of the clothes. "The green silk is the tie of the cage, and the cinnamon branches are the hooks of the cage. The Japanese is in a bun on the head, and the moon beads are bright in the ears. The xiangqi is the lower skirt, and the purple qi is the upper jacket." These poems are not as good as Luo Fu's appearance, but the beauty of the character has already been It is reflected from the description of clothing and other clothing. The predecessors commented on the Han Dynasty Yuefu "Jiangnan" poem "Lotus leaves are in the fields" and said: "Don't talk about the flowers, but talk about the leaves. The leaves are still lovely, and the flowers need no words." Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems" Volume 5. This statement can also be used to illustrate the artistic characteristics of the above verses in this article. What's even more amazing is that by describing the various expressions and movements of bystanders on the road, the poet gives a strong, vivid and vivid contrast to Luo Fu's beauty. "When a traveler sees Luofu, he lowers his shoulder and strokes his mustache. When a young man sees Luofu, he takes off his hat and wears a bow. The plowman forgets his plow, and the hoeer forgets his hoe. When we come back, we are angry with each other, but we sit and watch Luofu." Love beauty. Everyone has it, but humans are more sensitive to the beauty of the opposite sex (especially in appearance), and they also show higher enthusiasm. These male onlookers were deeply attracted to Luo Fu, and even acted intentionally or unintentionally to please Luo Fu. (The action of "taking off their hats and bowing their heads" hinted that they were unmarried) which shows that they were very excited when they saw Luo Fu. mood and the aesthetic satisfaction gained from her. With the help of their gazes, readers seem to have seen Luo Fu's face and body with their own eyes. Creating characters in this way is more interesting than using metaphors and other means to imitate the characters head-on; and by adding the reactions of onlookers, the artistic capacity of the work is also increased. This is the fresh experience provided by "Mo Shang Sang" for describing literary images.
In addition to copying the image from the side, this article is also good at expressing the intention from the side. This mainly refers to the content of the third interpretation of Luofuquafu. People have two understandings of this paragraph: one thinks that the "husband-in-law" in the poem is Luofu and actually refers to his husband; the other is that Luofu pretends to be a husband. Some people even conclude that this paragraph is the dross of the poem. Whether "husband-in-law" actually refers to it or is fictitious is an unclear question, but it is not important. What is important is to clarify: Why did Luo Fu say these words at that time? What was her intention? She focused on praising her husband's dignity and beauty, which was obviously very targeted. Because the one who teased her was a prefect who had a special sense of superiority. Luo Fu said that her husband was noble, which made her sense of superiority ridiculous; and because the prefect was interested in her beauty, Luo Fu said that her husband was good, but in fact It is said that only the husband can match himself. Luo Fu's words are full of praise, but objectively, they are also ridiculing the prefect. This is another use of side writing in the whole poem. The comic effect of poetry is mainly reflected here. The third explanation is not dispensable in the whole work, nor is it a waste, but an organic composition of the poem.
Humor is the obvious style feature of "Mo Shang Sang". For example, the various expressions that onlookers showed involuntarily when seeing Luofu are very funny, and they are all expressions of the true interest of the villagers. Another example is how Luo Fu talks about his age, "Twenty is not yet enough, but fifteen is quite enough." He is eloquent, but also has a hint of naughty. The word "Po" is particularly clever in the verbal tone. In the last paragraph, Luo Fusheng praised her husband and son-in-law, which made the prefect who was listening in front of him feel uncomfortable and ashamed. This excellent poem, which combines serious themes in a humorous style, embodies optimism and wisdom. Compared with the pathos and violence embodied in "The Peacock Flies Southeast" and "Journey to the East Gate", it represents another example of Han Yuefu An important artistic spirit. It and "The Peacock Flies Southeast", "Journey to the East Gate" and "Mulan Poems" can be called Yuefu masterpieces. Among them, "The Peacock Flying Southeast" and "Mulan Poetry" are also Yuefu Double Walls
The language of "Mo Shang Sang" has an obvious tendency of algae harvesting, which is mainly reflected in the first and third stanzas. These constitute the unified narrative style of this article.
"Mo Shang Sang" has obvious factors that combine realism and romanticism from its spirit to its expression techniques. The protagonist Qin Luofu in the poem is not only a real person from life, but also an ideal image with a democratic spirit that despises the powerful and resists violence. She embodies the people's good wishes and noble qualities. . "When a traveler sees Luofu, he lowers his shoulder and strokes his mustache. When a young man sees Luofu, he takes off his hat and wears a bow. The plowman forgets his plow, and the hoeer forgets his hoe. When we come back, we are angry with each other, but we sit and watch Luofu." The poet said through "Walker" "Pretending to rest, staring and admiring without hesitation, forgetting to stroke his beard; the "young man" took off his hat and terry towel, eager to tease Luo Fu, hoping to earn a little bit of money, and the flow of the story changed; "ploughing" next to the mulberry forest" Those who "hoe" even forget to work; and other humorous and exaggerated descriptions, side-lighting and focusing on exaggerating the beauty of Luofu. Such side descriptions and descriptions are a wonderful work of art. On the one hand, it adds comedy and optimism to the poem, making the narrative scene and atmosphere extremely lively. More importantly, in this way, writing from a blank place, relying on the human nature to love beauty and the instinctive longing for the beautiful opposite sex, it does not mention the word "grooming", but it is "romantic". People's standards for beauty are inherently different, but the poet avoids this "difficulty" by writing in this way, and expresses the indescribable absolute idealized perfection from the void. It is very obvious that without the organic combination of the two spirits of realism that hates evil and the romanticism that pursues ideals, as well as the mutual penetration of the two artistic methods of precise depiction of realism and exaggerated fiction of romanticism, it would be impossible to create Luo Luo. To apply this outstanding image. Although this combination is spontaneous and natural, as a creative experience, it is still worthy of reference by future generations.
Opening "Mo Shang Sang", the opening chapter gives readers a wonderful feeling: "The sun rises in the southeast corner, shining on my Qin family building. The Qin family has a good daughter, who calls herself Luofu. Luofu is happy Silkworms, mulberry picking in the south corner of the city. "Let us close our eyes and see that it is a beautiful spring morning. A red sun is rising from the east, and a ray of morning sun is shining gently on a small house in the forest. Upstairs, the beautiful Luofu girl from the Qin family walked out of the small building and went to the mulberry forest in the south of the city, where she began her day's work of picking mulberries again. Luofu under the morning sun gives readers the feeling of being young, bright and bright. The word "good girl" expresses the beauty and loveliness of Luofu. Of course, the word "self-named" shows that Luofu is also famous for her own beauty. conceited. "Self-named" means self-comparison and self-appointment, not self-named. From other folk songs of the Eastern Han Dynasty and poems of later generations, we can conclude that Luofu is not the original name of the heroine in our poem. It was synonymous with beautiful women at that time. Therefore, the poem "Ancient Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" also says: "The host family has The virtuous woman named herself Qin Luofu." Just as beautiful men were called "Zidu" from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties to the Wei and Jin dynasties. If the first few sentences only allow readers to see Luo Fu's back, then the author lets us get closer to her: "The black hair is the tie of the cage, and the cinnamon branches are the hooks of the cage. The Japanese is in a bun on the head, and the moon is bright in the ears. Pearl. Xiangqi is the lower skirt, and purple qi is the upper skirt. "Luofu is indeed beautiful, and it is extraordinary and refined. The blue silk is used as the strap of the basket, and the cinnamon twig is used as the handle of the basket, which seems to make readers smell it. A hint of sweet-scented osmanthus scent. The apricot silk silk is cut into a soft skirt, and the purple silk silk is made into a well-fitting short jacket. The harmonious color matching is like clear water emerging from hibiscus, spotless. What is even more unique is the decoration on his head, which is the most popular hairstyle at the time, and the moon orbs on his ears. It makes her show a bit of wealth in elegance.
These are the external beauties of Luofu, which we can see with our eyes. If the author only focuses on showing these external beauties, then Luofu is just a "beauty" at best, and absolutely cannot Become a dazzling artistic image in the Chinese literature corridor. The beauty of Luofu is unified internally and externally, and is all-round. The sentence "Luofu likes sericulture" shows her diligence. This is the most basic personality requirement of the people for being a human being. It is also the most basic requirement for a housewife in the self-sufficient feudal society and the family model of men farming and women weaving. . But this is not Luo Fu's most valuable quality. What best reflects Luo Fu's noble personality and quality is her outstanding performance when facing powerful people.
When the "villain" character "Shi Jun" in the poem appeared, Luo Fu's image was truly sublimated. Faced with the shamelessness of "Shi Jun", Luo Fu was first not afraid of the powerful and righteous, and secondly, he was calm and calm. , witty and brave, rebuked the "envoy", leaving the prominent "envoy" speechless and ashamed. In the end, Luo Fu won a great victory, not only saving himself, but also attacking the powerful.
It is the consistent "beauty" of Luofu that deeply touches all kind-hearted people, whether they are elderly people (walkers), handsome young people, or hoeers. The people were all captivated by Luofu's beauty, and they forgot everything after seeing her. As described in the poem: "When a traveler sees Luofu, he puts down his shoulder and strokes his mustache. When a young man sees Luofu, he takes off his hat and wears a bow. The plowman forgets his plow, and the hoeer forgets his hoe." This description is both clever and exaggerated. , although it is not exquisitely crafted, it is full of rich colors and indescribable beauty. The indescribable beauty of Luofu is all in the "silence" of the onlookers.
At the same time, the beauty of Luofu is elegance in plainness, nobility in simplicity, luxury in elegance. People with different identities can see the different "beauty" they appreciate from different angles. , this is the so-called "refinement of elegance and vulgarity".