"The Scream" includes 15 novels written by Mr. Lu Xun from 1918 to 1922. Later, the author took out a historical novel "Buzhou Mountain" (later renamed "Mending the Sky"), and now there are 14 novels. These novels reflect the painful life and tragic fate of the oppressed people in Chinese society before and after the May Fourth Movement. The following introduces the content of "The Scream". In the preface to "The Scream", the author reviews his life experience, which reflects the author's ideological development process and the purpose and attitude of engaging in literary and artistic activities. It also explains the origin of these novels and the reasons for their names. The author went from studying Westernization, studying medicine, and taking the road of scientifically saving the country, to advocating literature and art, and using literature and art as a weapon to change the national spirit, which shows the development of his patriotism and his spiritual journey of seeking a way to save the country and the people. This article has great reference value for understanding the author's life, thoughts, and understanding the connotation and implications of this collection of novels. In terms of writing, the preface to this article is fresh and sophisticated, thoughtful and fluent, shocking and fascinating, making people want to read it. His language style is full of Lu Xun's unique personality and has strong artistic charm.
"The Scream" includes:
"A Little Thing"
"Diary of a Madman"
"Duck's Comedy"
"Dragon Boat Festival"
"Hometown"
"Kong Yiji"
"Medicine"
"Ah Q Zheng" "Biography"
"The Rabbit and the Cat"
"Social Opera"
"The Storm"
"The Story of Hair"
"Tomorrow"
"White Light"
"Diary of a Madman" is Lu Xun's first vernacular novel and the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature, published in 1918 In "New Youth" in May 2001, the author adopted the pseudonym Lu Xun for the first time. This article creates the image of an anti-feudal warrior - a "madman". Through the narration of a madman, the author reveals that the thousands-year history of civilization in Chinese society is essentially a history of cannibalism; the feudal family system and feudal ethics, disguised as "benevolence, justice and morality", are in essence cannibalism. At the same time, the author issued a call to "save the children" and called on the people to wake up and overthrow the feudal system. With its distinctive anti-feudal thoughts and strong artistic appeal, this article aroused great repercussions in the ideological and cultural circles, thus laying a solid foundation for the entire Chinese New Literature Movement. The characteristics of this article's artistic techniques had a wide impact on the New Culture Movement. The author uses realistic techniques to describe the suspicious sensitivity and delusions of the madman, which are in line with the pathological characteristics of the persecutor. Moreover, the madman uses symbolism to express pun meanings. Madman's symbolic depiction of feudal forces seamlessly combines realistic techniques with symbolic techniques. This produces a strong artistic appeal, followed by the characterization of language. "Diary of a Madman" uses modern literary language. The author carefully conceived a madman with "incoherent language". The language seems messy but is actually sharp. It not only conforms to the characteristics of mental patients, but also expresses the voice of the oppressed. The personalized language successfully created the image of a warrior who looks like a madman but is actually symbolic.
"Tomorrow" is one of Lu Xun's novels that focuses on reflecting the tragic fate of women. Through the description of the widow Shan Sisao's tragic loss of her only son, the work shockingly shows a picture of Chinese women's isolation and helplessness. At the same time, it criticizes the cannibalistic nature of the dark society and the ruthlessness and indifference of people in the declining society. The author's cold writing style shows his resentment towards the dark society. The concise and realistic art shows the author's proficiency in writing techniques. The neat and simple brush strokes wonderfully outline a small town genre painting, and it is even harder to change a single word in the description of the characters and dialogues. It is truly the best among the best.
"A Little Thing" is characterized by its conciseness and profound content. The full text is only about a thousand words, and the work describes a small thing in daily life. While praising the lofty qualities of the lower class working people, it also reflects the self-reflection of intellectuals and shows new ideas of sincerely learning from the working people.
The article is not long, but the rhetorical techniques used by Mr. Lu Xun between the lines are very incisive. He compared Beijing to a "desert", which reflected Beijing's quiet, dry and other characteristics. Although the image of the duck written by Lu Xun in the article is only one or two sentences, it vividly and vividly reflects the cute appearance of the duck.
The last two sections of the article always feel a bit desolate: the scenery is there, but the people are no longer there. It's a pity that no one appreciates such a lovely and beautiful scenery. Isn't it a pity?
"Dragon Boat Festival"
1. Social background: This article was originally published in Volume 13, No. 9, of Shanghai's "Novel Monthly" in September 1922. At that time, the "May Fourth Movement" was in the ebb period. The New Culture Movement and the "May Fourth Movement" inspired the people's anti-feudal revolutionary enthusiasm. However, this enthusiasm temporarily retreated due to the suppression of the warlord government and the old feudal forces. The confrontation between the old and new forces has seen a situation of ebb and flow. Under such circumstances, not only some feudal remnants, old and young, began to become popular, but also some people who had accepted the baptism of the new culture returned to the old track. There are also some characters who appear to be progressing but are actually lagging behind and take the opportunity to turn around.
2. Central idea: "Dragon Boat Festival" is Mr. Lu Xun's bitter satire on old intellectuals such as "Fang Xuanchuo" who are superficially progressive but inwardly backward in a light and humorous way.
3. Character image: "Dragon Boat Festival" creates an image of an old intellectual "Fang Xuanchuo" who is progressive on the surface but backward in his heart. Fang Xianchuo is "a representative of those people who are stuck in the old ways, can't stand new things, and always like to think about problems in the past world."
(1) From the perspective of his status, he not only He is from an institution of higher learning and likes to make strange remarks. He also hangs out in the officialdom and coyly acts as a minor government official. The status of this intellectual and bureaucrat made his words and deeds full of contradictions. The "salary request" incident made him neither embarrassed nor embarrassed, and he lost all face.
(2) Judging from his cultural role, he is a new-style literati on the surface, holding the "Anthology Collection" and babbling every day. But at heart, he is shallow and philistine. At home, he is a "parent" who sits and waits to be served. In society, he is a "spectator" who stands aside and waits for change. He is an old-style literati in new clothes.
4. Language: Lu Xun used a relaxed and humorous satirical style in this novel. By describing Fang Xuanchuo's behavior, language and psychology, the protagonist's own clown performance makes readers laugh and think.
The work "The True Story of Ah Q" is set in the isolated rural town of Weichuang before and after the Revolution of 1911, and portrays Ah Q as a typical backward farmer who suffered severe physical and mental harm. He has no home, land, or fixed occupation. He makes a living by selling his labor and suffers cruel oppression and exploitation. However, he could not face up to his miserable status, but indulged himself in the "spiritual victory method". Ah Q's transformation from blind self-esteem to pathetic self-contempt is a typical character in a semi-feudal and semi-colonial social environment. Ah Q's class status determined that he welcomed the revolution, but he did not understand the revolution, was confused, and was mentally numb. As a result, he was shot to death by the feudal landlord class who had usurped the fruits of the revolution. Lu Xun aimed to "expose the suffering and induce cure", followed the principle of realism, and through artistic depiction, profoundly pointed out: Even an unconscious peasant like Ah Q sincerely yearns for revolution, and the possibility of revolution is always hidden in him. Peasants are an important force in the Chinese revolution, and inspiring farmers' consciousness is an extremely important issue. The novel more profoundly reveals the class contradictions in semi-feudal and semi-colonial society and the historical roots of the "Spiritual Victory Method", effectively criticizes the Revolution of 1911 for being divorced from the masses and incomplete, and expresses the author's ideological point of view of "transforming national character"
The novel "Rabbit and Cat" has a fable color. The author uses the small animals rabbit and cat as objects to express his love and hate. The author sympathizes with the new and weak rabbit and hates the ferocity of the big black cat, and uses this to describe social phenomena, thus further reflecting the ferocity of the big black cat, which represents the dark forces, and the author's hatred for it. The author uses his strong observation ability and expressive writing style to depict the white rabbit's appearance, movements and expressions vividly, and his language is vivid and accurate, thereby enhancing the artistic charm of the work.
"Fengbo" Braids were once one of the symbols of the establishment and demise of the Qing Dynasty; in Lu Xun's eyes, they were also a symbol of traditional culture and the shackles of the national spirit, and an indicator of national revolution and crisis. A sign. This novel shows the true face of China's rural areas after the Revolution of 1911 through the description of a braided incident in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and reveals the weakness of the national character of "no special qualities" that lacks spiritual belief and pursuit.
Theme:
The novel describes a turmoil about pigtails caused by the Zhang Xun Restoration Incident in 1917 in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. It looks at the big from the small and shows the isolation of China's rural areas after the Revolution of 1911. Ignorance, the heavy atmosphere of conservatism, and the remnants of the imperial system are still wreaking havoc on the peasants. The peasants are still under the rule and control of feudal forces and feudal ideas, revealing the lack of pursuit of spiritual beliefs and being trapped in a state of selfishness, subsistence, numbness, indifference, and blind obedience. The weakness of the national character of "no special conduct" shows that the Revolution of 1911 did not bring real changes to China's rural areas under feudal rule. Future social revolutions will be difficult to succeed if they cannot awaken the people.
Main characters:
Qijin: He is a well-known local "character" who has seen the world. He is even respected by everyone and has "fair treatment". However, he heard that the emperor was sitting in the Dragon Court. His dejection after the news, his forbearance when his wife scolded him, and his inner depression when he vented his anger on his daughter actually showed that he was a typical example of a backward peasant who was numb and timid, ignorant and vulgar, and had no democratic consciousness.
Qijin Sister-in-law: Shrewd and vulgar, sharp-tongued, "hates hitting people with sticks", harsh words; competitive and oppressive, arrogant and unreasonable, not a queen, and not as sincere as ordinary rural women. She and Bayi Sister-in-law, Jiujin Sister-in-law, Like other characters, Tai is still selfish, backward, ignorant, and numb, living in a state of confusion and unconsciousness.
Through such characters, the work vividly shows that China after the Revolution of 1911 lacks perseverance. The people with faith and martyrdom spirit are still extremely separated from the revolution and are still far away from the revolution. This lack of awareness among the people is the fundamental reason why the Revolution of 1911 and all other changes will eventually fail. It is also the realistic basis for tragedies like the braid incident to continue to occur. .
Zhao Qiye: He is a feudal old man who is uneducated, poor in spirit, empty, good at hiding things and insidious, and always dreams of restoration. His aggressive words, intimidation, and deceptive actions illustrate that The desire and ambition of the feudal restoration forces to make a comeback. Although he is in a different social class from Qijin and others, in a certain sense, he, like Qijin and others, is a child with no faith and no special qualities under the autocratic rule. People, his being respected by others illustrates the incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911 from another perspective.
"The Story of Hair" organizes the story around the issue of women cutting their hair and men cutting their braids. In the twists and turns caused by the problem, Lu Xun expressed his hatred for the stubborn feudal conservative forces and his anger towards the weak and incomplete old democratic revolution. Lu Xun used character monologues as the main means of structuring this novel. Through character monologues To narrate lyrically, and at the same time use the social image of braids to narrate. Fictional art is also used in the creation process of the novel. Through the fictional "false", the "truth" in art is achieved. The narrative and character language are also refined and expressive
The book "White Light" tells the story of Chen Shicheng, who had gray hair on his temples but still failed repeatedly. He was not even a scholar, so he became mentally abnormal and heard strange calls (which did not actually exist), so he suffered from this kind of torture. He committed suicide in the river.
This article was intentionally written to be gruesome in order to criticize the unreasonable examination system at that time and expose the tragic fate of scholars who failed.
"Hometown" The author's feelings for his "hometown" are not just general feelings between people, but also special feelings with a personal touch. Before one has any rational thinking about his "hometown", a person already has a spiritual connection with it that "continues to be cut and untangled". The spiritual connection established between childhood and adolescence and "hometown" is something that a person cannot completely get rid of in his lifetime. No matter how strong the subsequent impression is, it only occurs on such a basis, and it is impossible to completely get rid of the vine of this emotion.
Specific to the novel "Hometown", all of "my" feelings about the reality of "hometown" are based on the emotional relationships that have already occurred when I was a teenager. It is no longer possible for "I" to forget the lovely image of young Runtu, and it is no longer possible for "I" to completely forget the memories of that beautiful hometown formed when I was a boy. The subsequent feelings and impressions are superimposed and glued together with the impression formed in childhood. This creates a confluence, mixture, and combination of multiple emotions. Such feelings are not simple, but complex; not colorful, but muddy. This kind of feeling is a kind of feeling that cannot be cried or laughed out. It cannot be expressed clearly through lyrical language. It wants to pull out of the soul bit by bit, without panic or haste. It needs time, length, and readers to chew, feel and experience it slowly. This kind of colorless and complex emotion is melancholy in our feelings. Melancholy is a kind of indescribable and unexplained emotion and mood. It is a long and long emotional and emotional state that is not strong and cannot be easily shaken off. "Hometown" expresses a kind of melancholic beauty. Melancholy is long-lasting, and this kind of beauty is also long-lasting.
Of course, there are many articles like this in the book "The Scream". Mr. Lu Xun wrote these articles so that the Chinese people at that time could wake up after reading them. Mr. Lu Xun used humorous and sarcastic language, angry and encouraging tone, inspiring the half-awake Chinese people at that time. He used accusatory and critical language to explain the darkness of the society at that time, showing Mr. Lu Xun's eagerness. The sleeping dragon of hope, China, will wake up soon and regain the majesty of our country!