Abstract: Good behavioral habits are not innate, but are gradually formed over a long period of life. It runs through all aspects of a child's daily life. In the teaching process, teachers should be good at grasping every detail of daily life, cultivating children's good behavioral habits, and laying a solid foundation for children's healthy growth.
Keywords: training; children; behavioral habits. The best period for developing children’s behavioral habits is in early childhood. In addition to the important influence of the family on cultivating children’s good behavioral habits, schools are also the place where children form good behavioral habits. An important place and a critical period for the formation of good habits. The age characteristics of kindergarten children determine that the development of children's civilized behavior and good habits requires the effective cooperation of kindergartens and families. The cultivation of children's good behaviors and habits is not only their own needs, but also The needs of society therefore have very important practical significance.
1. Why it is necessary to cultivate good behavioral habits in children (1) Cultivating good behavioral habits is necessary for the comprehensive implementation of quality education. For a period of time, both school education and family education have been based on exam-oriented education. As the goal, I only hope that my children can get high scores in their studies, but ignore the cultivation of their children's qualities and abilities. Zheng Banqiao, a great painter in the Qing Dynasty, wanted to eat steamed buns made by his son when he was dying. By the time his son learned the buns and prepared them, he had already died. He left his son a note that read: "You sweat your own sweat, eat your own food, do your own things, and rely on heaven, people, and ancestors. You are not a true man!" It can be seen that he did not forget it before he died. Isn’t it an inspiration to our parents today to teach our sons the habit of self-reliance and self-improvement? This requires parents not only to teach their children knowledge, but also to teach their children how to be human beings, to dare to challenge themselves, and to educate their children from the perspective of ideological, moral, and moral integrity. Continuously develop and improve themselves in scientific and cultural knowledge and other aspects to create a good growth environment for their children.
(2) Cultivating good behavioral habits is the need of the family and the needs of society. In 1996, the editorial department of a journal simultaneously conducted a "most respected in the mind" among students in China, Japan, and the United States. "10 people" questionnaire survey, the survey results show that: Japanese middle school students filled in their parents in the top two of the "most respected people", and American middle school students ranked in the top three of the "most respected people" Two of them filled in their parents, and most of the Chinese middle school students filled in the "10 Most Respected People" were movie stars, football stars, etc. Sad, Chinese parents! Do Chinese parents not love their children? No. In fact, the effort, energy, and brains Chinese parents spend on raising children can be regarded as the best in the world. Especially the contemporary parents of only children, they are desperately trying to compete with each other in raising children. Neighbors buy their children I bought an electronic keyboard, so I saved money and saved money to buy a piano for my child: my neighbor bought a computer for his child, and I wanted to buy a higher-end one for my child. Some of them have become "slaves" to their children, providing comprehensive "services" to their children. They only know how to give unilaterally and only know how to give generously and dote on their children, but they neglect to cultivate their children's good behaviors and habits, and neglect to cultivate their children's love for others. Love for parents, elders, and society. Developing bad habits of selfishness, indifference, willfulness, indulgence, and irresponsibility in children not only harms the children, but also harms the parents themselves and harms society.
(3) Cultivating good behavioral habits is to meet the needs of school education. The famous Swiss child psychologist Piaget divided the development of children's behavioral habits into four stages: the egocentric stage (2~ 5 years old), heteronomy stage (6 to 8 years old), self-discipline stage (8 to 10 years old) and justice stage (10 to 12 years old). Piaget believed that in the egocentric stage, behavioral habits are unstable; in the heteronomous stage, children's moral judgments are dominated and restricted by external value standards, and one of the manifestations is absolute compliance with parents or teachers. Children in the lower grades of primary school are in the heteronomous stage of the development of children's behavioral habits. They have not yet formed their own moral understanding and constant moral standards. Their moral concepts are mainly influenced by the people around them, such as parents, teachers, and classmates who play with them. friend. Therefore, as teachers, we must seize this favorable opportunity to help schools educate children to be civilized, polite, disciplined, and develop good social behavior habits. Because education at this time is easier for children to accept and form solid habits. At the same time, it can also prevent children from being affected by bad social trends and forming some bad habits.
2. Suggestions for cultivating children’s good behaviors and habits. As early childhood educators, in addition to strengthening communication at home and adhering to the above basic principles, there should also be more systematic and professional methods and strategies than those at home to ensure that Cultivation of good behavioral habits in young children.
(1) Determine norms and carry out serialized education. Kindergarten should establish a daily routine and carry out serialized education. Children aged 3 to 6 years old are a critical period for the formation of personality and moral character. Since children have great plasticity, their personality and moral character will often appear repeatedly during the formation process, so the educational content should be serialized. According to the characteristics and development of children, a daily activity routine for children is formulated. The routine stipulates some rules that children should do and abide by in their daily life and study, and determines the basic requirements for clothing, food, housing, Standards of civilized behavior and habits should be followed in walking and interacting with others, such as: sitting in a proper posture, sleeping in a sleeping position, clearing tableware after meals, tidying up supplies after activities, etc. For example, a series of education based on time include collective love education when first entering the kindergarten; love mother education on Women's Day on March 8th; good children education on Children's Day on June 1st; and party love education on July 1st. In normal times, we require children to do the "Three Lightnesses": speak softly, walk softly, and put things down lightly; we educate children to abide by public order, not to interfere with others, and to care for public property. Lunch requires "three cleanses": the bowl is clean, the table is clean, and the floor is clean, and children are educated to cherish food. During nap time, children are required to put on and take off their own clothes, arrange their own clothes, and turn over their collars. We educate children to "do their own things, learn to do things they don't know how to do, and persist in doing things they have learned." We focus on adopting effective educational methods based on the physical and mental development characteristics of children, such as treating timid children to cultivate bravery. Quality is the main priority; when dealing with children with domineering personalities, we should focus on cultivating tolerance, harmony and kindness; when dealing with children who embezzle other people's belongings, we should focus on cultivating honest qualities; when dealing with children with strong rebellious personalities, adopt comprehensive training methods to train them Mainly carry out corrective training for bad personalities, etc. Since each child is affected by different environments and methods of family education, they may also have different reactions to teachers’ educational methods. We observe and understand the different psychological characteristics of children and adopt effective methods to carry out targeted education.
(2) Form a joint force with the family to transform the adult world for children. It is very difficult to cultivate children's habits today. The biggest difficulty lies in our parents, even grandparents, and teachers themselves. There may be many bad habits. We may not fully know what good habits are, we grew up with a lot of animalistic traits. We may carry with us a lot of old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. If you pick things with your eyes, don't have the habit of picking things with your hands. When we buy something, no one picks it or pinches it. But if you pinch it and someone else pinches it, they may not buy it after pinching it. How will others buy it in the end? We don't think about these problems. This is a conditioned reflex. You want to try and pinch whatever you choose. This bad habit has also directly affected the children. When the class eats fruit, the children are allowed to take it by themselves. Who doesn't pick and compare? Every time I pick this one, I still think that the other one is better. "This mountain is higher than that mountain." . Another example is the habit of protecting environmental sanitation. We have many adults who are "spotless" about the hygiene of their own small families, but the environmental hygiene of large social families is: spitting, littering, making loud noises, etc. They do not realize that these bad behaviors will cause What negative impact will it have on the next generation?
Japanese educator Yukichi Fukuzawa said: "Family is a school of habits, and parents are teachers of habits." In order to achieve good results in children's behavioral habits, it is necessary to establish a unified family and kindergarten educational network. Through parent-teacher conferences and parent-school lectures, parents are allowed to conduct systematic theoretical study of early childhood moral education; special tutoring magazines and tutoring small gardens always play their role in publicity and communication; through the home contact manual, monthly contacts are made in written form, so if anything happens at any time Communicate with parents so that parents and teachers can understand the situation of children in kindergarten and at home at any time, and provide targeted education; we also allow parents to watch, understand, and participate in kindergartens through activities such as parent open days and home education. education, so that parents can consciously and actively cooperate with our educational work. Only by allowing children to be the same at home as in kindergarten can the development of good habits have real meaning.
(3) Respect children’s rights and participation, and allow children to fully participate in the process of children’s habit formation. There is a danger that the process of habit formation becomes the enslavement of children. process. Everyone, please pay attention to this. What does it mean? It is adults who are studying habits, setting norms, and forcing children to do and implement them. This is very scary. Because real education is self-education, children are the masters, and we must play their role as masters. Developing a good habit should make children feel: This is what I look forward to. I especially hope to have this good habit. It will help me a lot and be useful for my development. If I have more good habits, I will If I am a good student, I can make more friends. This is positive, not forced.
There is a ladder for children's participation, and the ladder has five levels: the first level is manipulation, where adults manipulate children; the second level is decoration, where a few children are found to perform and decorate; the third level is Symbolic participation; the fourth level is adult assignment; the fifth level is discussion with children; the starting point for our habit cultivation is the fifth level, discussion with children. We want to cultivate good habits in children, and we need to discuss with them: Do you need Need to develop this habit? Are you willing to develop this habit? Because children have the right to choose: What habits do I want to develop, such as the habit of loving sports, the habit of being polite... You cannot cultivate an introverted child into an extroverted child, and you cannot cultivate a chronic child into an acute one. You must pay attention to developing habits. Rules, respect differences.
(4) Helping children build self-confidence. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, the great people's educator, once said: "Instead of treating children like Tianjin ducks filled with piecemeal knowledge, it is better to give them a few keys to enable them to You can freely open up the treasury of culture and the treasures of the universe. "We guide children to learn to learn and cultivate their learning abilities; cultivate a series of educational behaviors in terms of friendship, bravery, overcoming difficulties, courtesy, and discipline. But it ignores a core issue that can affect the personality development of young children-self-confidence. Self-confidence is an important condition for children's personality and mental health. The cultivation of self-confidence is also the most important part of mental health education.
The so-called self-confidence is a positive emotional tendency caused by positive self-evaluation to affirm oneself and expect to be respected by others, the collective and society. Self-confidence is the full understanding and evaluation of one's own strength. Children with strong self-confidence can proactively participate in various activities, actively interact with others, establish good relationships with peers, and bravely face difficulties and try boldly. In kindergartens, there are also quite a number of children who lack self-confidence and think that they are inferior to other children in some aspects or even many aspects. This is often reflected in the fact that they dare not take the initiative to ask to participate in group games or put forward their own opinions and suggestions during activities. , afraid to express themselves boldly in front of others; often afraid and shrinking from new things and activities. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to the cultivation of children's self-confidence to ensure the formation of children's good behavior habits.
For example, many children are still far away from the requirements of collective life in terms of hands-on ability and behavioral habits. When they come to kindergarten, these children generally lack self-confidence in both actions and self-care abilities. Self-confidence is the core of a child's growth process and is the driving force for children to realize their wishes and ideals. The formation of children's self-confidence is often inseparable from adults' trust in children. Trust is the "tonic" for children's growth. Trust comes from both parents’ encouragement to their children and teachers’ recognition of their children’s behavior. For young children, only by gaining successful experience can they gain self-confidence. Only when children are confident can they face the opportunities and challenges in life with confidence. Good behavioral habits require parents to cultivate their children bit by bit in daily life. Only in this way can the children continue to make progress and lay a solid foundation for the children's future life.
(5) Cultivate good habits in children in life. In the process of children forming good behaviors, parents’ responsibility is to provide guidance according to the age characteristics of the children, and to cultivate them patiently in a prepared environment so that they can His every move gradually develops towards good behavior. Parents' good behavior can set an example for their children to learn from and allow them to accept it consciously.
For children of this age, parents should be thoughtful, observe carefully, praise his good behavior in a timely manner, strengthen and encourage him to continue to develop, form habits, and consolidate them; express dissatisfaction with bad behavior and help him learn to recognize it. Ability, rather than blaming him, let alone canceling his opportunities and rights to interact with children because of his bad behavior.
The formation of habits is the result of the accumulation of behaviors. When a child gets a sense of success from a certain behavior, he will naturally repeat this behavior and become his habit. Habits determine a person's character, and the cultivation of good behavioral habits must start from an early age, and it must start from the family.
3. The significance of cultivating children’s good behaviors and habits is that it is beneficial to children’s health. Good hygiene habits include personal hygiene (clothing, body) and public hygiene (not spitting, throwing away garbage); good living habits include not being picky about food, eating and sleeping on time, etc. Second, it is beneficial to children’s self-reliance and self-confidence. Do your own thing, of course, do what the child can do. Don't underestimate the child's ability to complete small things independently. If parents provide approval and encouragement, the child's self-confidence will gradually increase. The third is conducive to children's good interpersonal relationships. Don't take other people's things. Know how to care, love and help others. These are also basic moral principles. Fourth, it is beneficial to children’s career success. Concentrate, persevere and have perseverance. This is the most important behavioral habit that affects a child's future academic achievement. Fifth, it is necessary to cultivate good behavioral habits. The scholar Bacon once said: "Habit is a tenacious force that can dominate a life." This shows the importance of cultivating good behavioral habits. Developing good behavioral habits is an important condition for promoting the all-round development of children's intelligence, abilities and physical and mental health. With good behavioral habits, many problems in learning and life will be easily solved. On the contrary, it will cause unnecessary trouble for children's learning, life and future development. Therefore, it is very necessary to cultivate good behavioral habits in young children.
References:
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[4]. Li Lan "How to cultivate children's civilized behavior and good habits in kindergarten", "Teaching Research", Issue 10, 2012, page 110.
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