Sacrifice to heaven and ancestors is a long-standing cultural custom of the Chinese nation, and the "ancestral hall" is the place where the Wangmen family worships gods and ancestors. The Manchu people are no exception and also have the custom of worshiping heaven and ancestors. However, the place where prominent Manchu families worship gods and ancestors is not called "ancestral hall" but "Tangzi" or "Tangzi temple".
..The main entrance of Tangzi Temple
The word "Tangzi" comes from Manchu, and the Chinese translation is also called "Tangse" and "Tangshe". It is the place where the Manchus worship heaven and gods. Place. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Jurchen ancestors fought with the Tulunika Wailan people. As a result, four of their ancestors were killed in battle. Later generations collected their relics in nanmu boxes and enshrined them in the hall. After the founding of the Manchu state, the hall became an important place for palace shaman worship. Before Nurhaci raised his army, each Jurchen tribe had its own Tangzi. After Nurhaci unified the Jurchen tribes, he first abolished the Tangzi of each tribe and replaced them with the "Aixinjueluo clan". The patron deities worshiped by each clan for generations were also unified under the Aixinjueluo clan. The patron saint of worship. After Nurhachi founded the country, he first established the Aixinjueluo family hall in the southeast of Hetuala City. Later, as Nurhaci moved the capital, he established the hall in Tokyo City, Liaoyang and southeast of Shenyang City. During the Huangtaiji period, it was explicitly stipulated: "Any official, common people, etc. who set up a hall to offer sacrifices will be stopped forever." This further established the status of the Aixinjueluo family's hall as a national sacrifice.
Shengjing Tangzi, commonly known as "Tangzi Temple", is located outside the east gate of Shenyang City in the Qing Dynasty. It was built by Nurhachi after he moved his capital to Shenyang. The architecture of the Tangzi is quite special. Its street gate faces north and the inner gate faces west. In the middle of the inner gate is the Sacrifice Temple, also called the Food Hall. It is a three-room hanging mountain-style building facing south, with a Danbi in front. There is a corridor to the south of it, which leads directly to the round hall of worshiping the sky, also called the pavilion-style hall, which is an octagonal pavilion-style building. In the middle of the south side of the pavilion-style hall, there is a stone base for the emperor's sacred pole to offer sacrifices to heaven. Later on the two wings are the stone bases for the princes and princes to offer sacrifices to heaven. There are six rows on each wing, and six seats in each row. On the south side of the stone base, there are seven red sacred pole frames for parking sacred poles. The middle wooden frame is used for the temporary installation of the emperor's sacred poles, and the left and right wooden frames are used for the temporary installation of the sacred poles of princes and princes. When worshiping the sky, the gods on the wooden frames are temporarily installed. The pole is mounted on a stone base. In the southeast corner of the hall is the Shangshrine, also called the Shangxi Pavilion. It is also an octagonal pavilion-style building, but its scale is slightly smaller than the pavilion-style temple. It is a small courtyard of its own, surrounded by two layers of walls. The outer courtyard is square in shape, with a gate in the northeast corner and a corridor to the north leading to the round hall of worship. The temple is located on the west side of the outer courtyard and on the north side of the inner courtyard. The door to the inner courtyard is on the south side. Outside the inner door of the hall, there are also buildings such as the God Sacrifice Room in the southwest. The main buildings in Shengjing Hall have glazed tile roofs, which complement the green pines, green cypresses and red walls in the courtyard, adding to the solemn and mysterious feeling of the hall.
..Tangzi Temple Plan
As the family temple of the Manchu royal family, Tangzi is extremely sacred and mysterious. According to the "Manuscript of Qing History" records: Nurhachi and Huang Taiji had to pay homage to the Tangzi to seek God's blessings during major military operations such as expeditions, dispatches of generals, and triumphal returns. In the eleventh year of Tianming (1626), after the death of King Nurhaci of Laohan, the Qing court collected the clothes he wore, namely the "Royal Clothes of Taizu" and relics such as bows, arrows, swords, etc., in the hall for worship, and strictly prohibited anyone from entering the hall all year round. Enter.
The national custom of the Qing Dynasty was to focus on offering sacrifices to gods and heaven. In the past, there were morning sacrifices, evening sacrifices, and lamp-backed sacrifices, etc. The main places of worship are in Qingning Palace (it was in Kunning Palace after the capital was moved to Beijing) and Tangzi. At the time of Nurhaci, there was already a ritual of "visiting the Tangzi. Every New Year's Day and New Year's Day, as well as all important events in the state, it was a prayer and a reward. They all paid homage to the Tangzi and saluted. All major comings and goings must be reported. When an expedition is triumphant, the announcement will be listed in a book. When the ceremony arrives, "Heavy."
After Huang Taiji became emperor, he reformed the shaman sacrifices in the hall and established the system of praying to heaven on New Year's Day in the round hall of the hall. "Every New Year's Day, the emperor leads the princes and below, the vice-capital and above and foreign vassals to come to the palace to burn incense and perform three kneels and nine kowtows." Every year on the 26th day of the twelfth lunar month, the altars for morning and evening sacrifices are first requested from the Qingning Palace, and then carried to the feast hall for worship. In the east of the hall, the altars for morning offerings and the evening altars are placed. . There is a large and low table in front of the altar, each with an incense dish. The guards of the hall will offer incense twice a day, morning and evening. On the second day of the first lunar month, the shrine will be returned to Qingning Palace and enshrined in its original place.
"In fact, the so-called headless general is Deng Zilong, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty. Some experts believe that this theory cannot be established. They also point out that the so-called "Deng Master Temple" is just a small temple in the southwest corner of the hall. From this point of view, no matter how It seems that the Tangzi Temple has something to do with Deng Zilong, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty.
After the Qing Dynasty established the capital in Beijing, a temple was built outside the left gate of Chang'an in Beijing to worship, but Shengjing Tangzi abandoned it. No. During Emperor Qianlong's eastward tour, he visited Shengjing Hall to offer sacrifices and repaired it. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shengjing Hall was gradually destroyed due to disrepair.
Shengjing Hall no longer exists. The former site of the old Dadong District CPPCC and other units in Shenyang City was already crowded with high-rise buildings. However, it was precisely because of the existence of Tangzi that a street in its southeast direction was named "Tangzi Street". Tiao Street is located in the southern part of Dadong District, starting from Xiaohe Road in the south to Dadong Road in the north. It is 597 meters long and about 8 meters wide. The south is called Huangtukeng Hutong, and the north is Tangzimiao Hutong. This is regarded as Shengjing Tangzi. Leave the most direct mark to Shenyang