www.kpzs.net/ 44K 2008-11-21
Atmospheric pollution mainly refers to chemical pollution of the atmosphere. There are many types of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, and there are dozens of them that are seriously harmful to the human body. my country's air pollution belongs to coal-type pollution. The main pollutants are smoke and sulfur dioxide. In addition, there are also nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and are directly transported to the body through the blood without going through the detoxification function of the liver. Therefore, chemical pollution in the atmosphere is very harmful to human health. This hazard can be divided into three types: chronic poisoning, acute poisoning and carcinogenesis.
Chronic poisoning The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere is generally relatively low, which mainly produces chronic poisoning effects on the human body. Scientific research shows that chemical pollution in urban air is an important cause of diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. Acute poisoning: When factories emit large amounts of harmful gases and there is no wind or fog, chemical pollutants in the atmosphere cannot easily disperse, which can cause acute poisoning. For example, in 1961, three petrochemical companies in Yokkaichi, Japan, continued to emit large amounts of chemical pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, coupled with windless weather, resulting in a high incidence of asthma among local residents. Later, this local air pollution was controlled, and the incidence of asthma also decreased.
Carcinogenesis Among the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as 3,4-benzopyrene) and Pb-containing compounds have carcinogenic effects. Among them, 3,4-benzopyrene The most powerful cause of lung cancer. Burning coal, running cars and cigarette smoke all contain large amounts of 3,4-benzopyrene. Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere can also fall into water bodies, soil and crops. After being absorbed and enriched by crops, they can harm human health.
Atmospheric pollution also includes atmospheric biological pollution and atmospheric radioactive pollution. The main biological pollutants in the atmosphere include pathogenic bacteria, mold spores and pollen. Pathogens can cause people to contract infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and mold spores and pollen can cause allergic reactions in some people. Radioactive pollutants in the atmosphere mainly come from radioactive waste from the atomic energy industry and medical X-ray sources. These pollutants can easily cause skin cancer and leukemia.
Two major seismic zones in the world
Rim-Pacific seismic zone: distributed around the Pacific Ocean, like a huge garland, separating the continents from the ocean.
Eurasian earthquakes: From the Mediterranean Sea to the east, one branch passes through Central Asia to the Himalayas, then southward through the Hengduan Mountains of my country, through Myanmar, and turns eastward in an arc to Indonesia, and the other branch runs from Asia extends northeastward to Kamchatka, and its distribution is relatively scattered.
Main seismic zones in China
my country is located between the two major seismic zones in the world. It is a country with many earthquakes. The seismic zones are mainly distributed in: Southeast-Taiwan and the coastal areas of Fujian, North China - Along the Taihang Mountains and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangbo area, southwest - Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan
Methods to rescue people
Effective measures should be taken based on the actual post-earthquake environment and conditions The purpose of the rescue method is to safely rescue the buried people from the rubble.
After understanding and searching, it is determined that there are people buried in the ruins, and then the location of the buried pressure is determined, and the rescue signal is transmitted to the ruins by shouting or tapping.
During the rescue process, special attention should be paid to the safety of the buried personnel. First, the tools used (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.) should not injure the people buried in the pressure; second, they should not destroy the support conditions around the space where the people buried in the pressure are, causing new collapses and putting the people buried in the pressure in danger again; The third is to communicate with the closed space of the buried people as soon as possible to allow fresh air to flow into the people. If there is too much dust during the excavation, water should be sprayed to reduce the dust to prevent the buried people from suffocating; fourthly, the buried people will be buried for a long time and it will be difficult to rescue them for a while. Try to deliver drinking water, food and medicine to those buried under pressure to maintain their lives.
Before carrying out a rescue operation, there must be a plan and steps. Consideration should be given to where to dig and where not to dig, where to use a hoe and where to use a stick.
In the past, rescuers acted blindly, trampling the roof of the house on the head of the buried person, and killing the buried person. Therefore, scientific analysis and actions are required during the rescue process to receive the results. Good rescue results and blind actions often cause new harm to the rescue targets.
Rescue and care
First, expose the head of the buried person from the rubble, and remove the dust from the mouth and nose to ensure smooth breathing. For serious injuries, , those who cannot leave the buried place on their own should try to carefully remove the buried objects on and around them, and then lift the buried people out of the void. Do not forcefully drag them.
For those who are hungry, thirsty, injured, suffocated, and have been buried for a long time, they should cover their eyes with dark cloth after being rescued to avoid strong light stimulation. , bandage or send to a medical center for rescue treatment.
Key Points of Shock Absorption
Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in our country believe that the best way to avoid earthquakes is to avoid the nearest place during the earthquake and quickly evacuate to a safe place after the earthquake. . Shock absorbers should be chosen indoors under (beside) objects that are strong and can protect the body, in a place that is easy to form a triangular space, in a place with small openings and supports, and in an open and safe place.
The body posture should be:
Lie down and wait, squat or sit down, curl up the body as much as possible, and lower the body's center of gravity.
Grasp a sturdy object such as a table leg.
Protect your head, neck, eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.
Avoid crowds of people, don’t crowd around, and don’t light open fires because there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air.
School shock absorbers
When classes are in progress, students should quickly hold their heads, close their eyes, and hide under their desks under the instructions of the teacher.
When in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down without moving, protect your head with your hands, and be careful to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Don't go back to the classroom.
Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.
Don’t jump off the building! Don't stand outside the window! Don't go to the balcony!
Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.
Home earthquake isolation
The earthquake warning time is short, and indoor earthquake isolation is more realistic. The triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe place for people to survive. It can be called a shock-absorbing space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports.
The places where triangular spaces are easy to form indoors are:
Under the edge of the kang, near solid furniture;
The roots and corners of interior walls;
Kitchens, toilets, storage rooms and other places with small openings.
Avoid earthquakes in public places
Follow the instructions of the on-site staff, do not panic, do not rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid the flow of people, and avoid being squeezed into the wall Or at the fence.
In movie theaters, gymnasiums, etc.:
Squat down or lie under benches;
Be careful to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and fans;
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Use a school bag to protect your head;
After the earthquake passes, follow the instructions of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:
Choose sturdy counters, products (such as low furniture, etc.) or beside pillars, as well as interior corners, etc. to squat on the spot. When going down, protect your head with your hands or other objects; avoid glass doors, windows, glass showcases or counters; avoid tall and unstable shelves containing heavy or fragile items; avoid tall or hanging objects such as billboards and chandeliers.
In a moving electric (car) car:
Hold the handrails to avoid falling or being bruised; lower your center of gravity and hide near the seat.
Get off the bus after the earthquake has passed.
Outdoor shock absorbers
Choose open areas to avoid shocks on the spot:
Squat or lie down to avoid falling;
Don’t mess around Run and avoid crowded places;
Do not return indoors casually.
Avoid tall buildings or structures:
Buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls;
Street bridges and overpasses;
High chimney, under water tower.
Avoid dangerous, tall or hanging objects:
Transformers, telephone poles, street lights, etc.;
Billboards, cranes, etc.
Avoid other dangerous places:
Narrow streets;
Dangerous old houses and dangerous walls;
Parapet walls and high facades , under the awning;
A place where bricks, tiles, wood and other materials are stored.
How to save yourself after a strong earthquake
1. After an earthquake occurs, you should actively participate in rescue work. You can put your ear against the wall to listen for any survivors.
2. Expose the head of the injured person first and keep breathing smoothly. If there is suffocation, perform artificial respiration immediately.
3. Once buried, try to avoid weak collapsed objects above the body, and try to use masonry, wooden sticks, etc. to support the broken walls and reinforce the environment.
4. An earthquake occurs in an instant. Everyone should save themselves first and then start rescue. Rescue the easy first, then the difficult; rescue the near first, then the far.
How to identify earthquake rumors
1. Correctly understand the actual level of current earthquake predictions at home and abroad. The medium and long-term predictions currently made by humans on a larger time scale have a certain degree of credibility. , but the success rate of short-term forecast is still relatively low.
2. It should be clear that in our country, the authority to issue earthquake forecasts lies with the government, and no other unit or individual has the authority to issue earthquake forecast information. When dealing with earthquake rumors, we must not believe them, do not spread them, and report them promptly.
3. Learn common sense about earthquakes and eliminate the fear of earthquakes.
4. Don’t believe rumors and buy blindly.
When a major earthquake strikes, experts recommend three principles for family members to avoid shocks:
Principle 1: Make the right decision based on local conditions. Everyone's environment and situation during an earthquake vary greatly, and the methods of shock absorption cannot be the same. Specific situations need to be analyzed in detail. These conditions include: whether you live in a bungalow or a building, whether the earthquake occurred during the day or at night, whether the house is strong, whether there is shock-absorbing space indoors, how far you are from the door, and whether the outdoors is open and safe.
Principle 2: Act decisively and avoid hesitation. Whether the shock absorber can be successful or not depends on the critical moment. You must not look forward or backward or hesitate. If you live in a bungalow to avoid earthquakes, you must act decisively, take shelter nearby, or go out in an emergency, and do not go back and forth.
Principle 3: Lie down and wait for a decision, do not rush out. The ancients once recorded in "Records of Earthquakes": "When you suddenly hear a sudden change, don't rush out, lie down and wait. Even if the nest is overturned, you can hope to finish the eggs." This means that when an earthquake occurs, don't rush out of the room. Instead, you should seize the time to survive and find a suitable place to avoid earthquakes. Squat down or sit down and wait for the earthquake to pass. This way, even if the house collapses, people can still be safe.
Three major strategies for shock-absorbing high-rise buildings
Experts suggest that in a metropolis like Beijing, which is dominated by buildings, residents should consciously master some scientific and applicable shock-absorbing strategies.
Strategy 1: Stay calm during the earthquake and go outside after the earthquake. This is an international standard for earthquake avoidance. Many examples of earthquakes at home and abroad show that in the short moment of an earthquake, people are most likely to be killed or injured when entering or leaving a building. Therefore, experts warn that if indoor shock-absorbing conditions are good, indoor shock-absorbing should be selected first. If the building is not earthquake resistant, run out of the room as much as possible.
According to relevant national standards, residential buildings in Beijing should have the ability to withstand earthquake damage with an intensity of 8 degrees. Experts suggest not to panic when an earthquake occurs, but to keep your vision wide and mobile so that your camera can move. In particular, remember that you should not stay in bed; do not run to the balcony; do not run to the corridor or other crowded places; do not jump from the building; do not use the elevator. If you are in the elevator during an earthquake, you should leave as soon as possible. If the door cannot be opened, Squat down with your head in your hands. In addition, put out the fire and cut off the power immediately to prevent burns, electric shock and fire.
Strategy 2: The shock absorber position is crucial. To avoid earthquakes in a building, you can assess the situation according to the building layout and indoor conditions, and find a safe space to take shelter. It's best to find a place that creates a triangular space. It is safer to squat next to the heater. The bearing capacity of the heater is large. The network structure and elasticity of the metal pipes are not easy to be torn, and they are not easy to be thrown out even when the earthquake shakes greatly. The heating pipes have good ventilation and are not easy to cause injuries to people. Suffocation; water trapped in pipes can also prolong survival. More importantly, trapped persons can send messages to the outside world by hitting the heating pipes, and the position of the heating pipe close to the outer wall is conducive to getting rescue as quickly as possible.
What needs special attention is that when hiding in small spaces such as kitchens and bathrooms, try to stay away from stoves, gas pipes and easily breakable dishes. If the kitchen or bathroom is located in a corner of the building and the partition wall is a thin wall, do not choose it as the best place to absorb shocks. In addition, do not get into cabinets or boxes, because once people get in, they immediately lose mobility, their vision is blocked, and their limbs are tied. Not only will they miss the opportunity to escape, but it is also not conducive to rescue; the lying posture is also not good, and the human body's The plane area increases, the probability of being hit is 5 times greater than standing, and it is difficult to maneuver and change position.
Strategy 3: Stay close to water but not fire, stay outside rather than inside. This is an important principle to ensure timely assistance from others in urban earthquake disasters. Do not go near gas stoves, gas pipes and household appliances; do not choose a location inside the building, try to get as close to the exterior wall as possible, but do not hide under the windows; try to get as close to the water source as possible. Once trapped, try to contact the outside world, except using your mobile phone. In addition, you can tap on pipes and radiators, or turn on a flashlight. (Cai Wenqing Fu Yang)
Tips for home shock absorbers
1. Seize the time and take emergency refuge. If you feel the shaking is very light, it means the source of the earthquake is far away. Just hide under solid furniture. The time from the beginning of a major earthquake to the end of the vibration process is only a dozen to tens of seconds, so it is most important to seize the time to avoid shocks and do not waste time.
2． Choose a suitable shock-absorbing space. Safer indoor shock-absorbing spaces include: load-bearing wall roots and corners; places with water pipes and heating pipes, etc. The most unfavorable places in the house for shock absorption are: unsupported beds; under suspended ceilings and chandeliers; on surrounding unsupported floors; near glass (including mirrors) and large windows.
3. Protect yourself. First, be calm. After choosing a shelter, you should squat or sit down, face down, and rest your forehead on your arms; or grab a table leg or other solid object around you to avoid falling or losing control of your body during the earthquake. Injury; protect your head and neck, lower your head, and cover your head or back of the neck with your hands; protect your eyes, lower your head, and close your eyes to prevent injury from foreign objects; protect your mouth and nose. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. To prevent dust and poisonous gas.
10 Things to Know During an Earthquake
1. For the safety of yourself and your family, please hide under tables and other solid furniture
During large shaking times About 1 minute. The first thing you should consider is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, take shelter under a sturdy table with a low center of gravity and hold on to the legs of the table. In situations where there is no table or other places to hide, you should protect your head with a cushion or other objects.
2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately when there is a fire.
During a major earthquake, there will also be situations where fire trucks cannot be relied on to put out fires. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off and extinguish fires are important factors in controlling earthquake disasters to a minimum.
Get into the habit of turning off the fire even if there is a small earthquake.
In order to prevent the fire from causing a catastrophe, it is extremely important not only for the family members, but also for the neighbors to help each other and put out the fire early.
During an earthquake, there are three opportunities to turn off the fire:
The first opportunity is when there is a small shaking before a big shaking
When sensing At the moment of a small shaking, they immediately greeted each other: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire!" and turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc. that are in use.
The second chance is when the big shaking subsides
When a big shaking occurs, turn off the fire, and the kettle placed on the gas stove or heating stove will fall down. It's very dangerous.
After the big shaking stopped, shout again: "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire!" and turn off the fire.
The third chance after the fire
Even if a fire occurs, it can still be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out fires quickly, always place fire extinguishers and fire buckets close to the fire site.
3. Do not run outside in a panic
After an earthquake occurs, if you run outside in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. will fall and hit you. It's very dangerous on your body. In addition, cement prefabricated board walls, vending machines, etc. are also in danger of collapse. Do not approach these objects.
4. Open the door and ensure the exit.
In houses with reinforced concrete structures, the shaking of the earthquake will cause the doors and windows to be misaligned, making it impossible to open the door. There have been cases where people were locked in the house. case. Please open the door and secure the exit.
Always think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders, ropes, etc.
5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places
When the ground shakes violently and you are unstable, people will hold on and hold on. What kind of psychology. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will become objects of support. However, these things that look sturdy are actually dangerous.
During the 1987 submarine earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, many people were killed and injured due to the collapse of cement prefabricated walls and door pillars. Be sure not to take shelter near cement prefabricated board walls, door pillars, etc.
In busy streets and building areas, the most dangerous thing is that glass windows, billboards and other objects fall down and injure people. Be careful to protect your head with your hands or a handbag.
In addition, you should also be aware that vending machines can tip over and injure people.
When in a building area, depending on the situation, it is safer to enter a building to take shelter.
6. Follow the instructions of the staff when in department stores and theaters
The most terrifying thing in department stores, underground shopping malls and other places with a large number of people is chaos. Please follow the instructions of store staff and security personnel.
As far as earthquakes are concerned, underground streets are said to be relatively safe. Even if a power outage occurs, emergency lighting will turn on immediately, so please act calmly.
In the event of a fire, it will immediately be filled with smoke. Evacuate with your body lowered and never smoke.
If you take the elevator
In the event of an earthquake or fire, the elevator cannot be used. In case you encounter an earthquake while taking the elevator, press all the buttons for each floor on the operation panel. Once it stops, leave the elevator quickly and evacuate after confirming safety.
Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control their operation. When an earthquake occurs, it will automatically move and stop on the nearest floor.
If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management office for help through the dedicated phone in the elevator.
7. Cars are parked on the side of the road and are prohibited from driving in controlled areas.
When a major earthquake occurs, the car will feel like its tires are deflated, making it difficult to control the steering wheel and drive. You must pay full attention to avoid intersections and pull over to the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, the middle part of the road must be cleared.
Most roads in the urban center will be completely closed to traffic. Pay full attention to your car radio and follow the instructions of the police if they are nearby.
When it is necessary to evacuate, to avoid being involved in a fire, please close the car windows, put the car keys in the car, do not lock the car doors, and act together with the local people.
8. Be careful of landslides, rockfalls or tsunamis.
On mountain sides and steeply sloping areas, there is a risk of landslides, rockfalls and tsunamis. You should quickly evacuate to a safe place.
On the coast, there is a risk of tsunamis. If an earthquake or tsunami warning is issued, please pay attention to the information on the radio, TV, etc., and evacuate to a safe place quickly
9. When evacuating, walk on foot and carry the minimum amount of belongings
When a fire caused by an earthquake spreads and burns, posing a danger to life or personal safety, take evacuation measures. In principle, the evacuation method is based on citizen disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc., and is led by the person in charge and the police to evacuate on foot, and the items carried should be minimal. Never use cars or bicycles to evacuate.
For the evacuation of patients and others, the cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable. From usual times, it is necessary for neighbors to agree on evacuation methods in advance.
10. Don’t listen to rumors and don’t act rashly
When a major earthquake occurs, people are easily shaken psychologically. To prevent chaos, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly and based on correct information.
Grasp correct information from portable radios, etc.
Trust the information you get directly from the government, police, firefighting and other disaster prevention agencies, never believe irresponsible rumors, and do not act rashly.
Daily preparations
1. Are your home’s security measures foolproof?
Daily preparation is the basis for minimizing damage.
Take measures to secure wardrobes, kitchen cabinets, refrigerators, etc. to prevent them from falling over.
Add transparent film or tape to the glass of kitchen cabinets, windows, etc. to prevent the glass from flying around when broken.
In order to prevent cabinet doors from opening due to earthquake shaking and items inside falling out, hinges are installed on cabinet and closet doors to secure them.
Do not place TVs, vases, etc. in high places.
To prevent injuries caused by glass fragments scattered on the ground, always prepare thicker slippers.
Pay attention to the placement of furniture to ensure a safe space.
Pay full attention to the management and storage of kerosene heating stoves and other fire appliances and dangerous goods.
Reinforce cement prefabricated panel walls to make them strong and resistant to collapse.
2. Are emergency supplies ready?
(1) Drinking water (2) Food, baby milk powder (3) First aid medicines (4) Portable radios, flashlights, dry batteries (5) Cash, valuables (6) Underwear, towels, toilet paper etc.
3. Establish a cooperation system for neighborly mutual assistance from normal times
When a major earthquake occurs, it can be expected to cause huge disasters in a wide area. In this case, it is impossible for fire engines and ambulances to be on call at all times. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate with local residents through street and other organizations from ordinary times, and establish a mutual assistance and cooperation system to deal with fires and casualties.
From normal times, neighbors should discuss a mutual assistance and cooperation system in case of emergency.
Actively participate in citizen disaster prevention organizations.
Actively participate in disaster prevention training.
Emergency preparation for earthquakes
In areas where destructive earthquake forecasts have been issued, emergency response work should be done in the following aspects:
1. Prepare emergency items for earthquakes. After an earthquake, the production and supply of daily necessities such as food and medicine will be affected. Water towers and water pipes are often damaged by the earthquake, causing water supply interruption. In order to survive the difficulties in life in the early days after the earthquake, society and families should prepare a certain amount of food, water and daily necessities before the earthquake to meet their immediate needs.
2. Establish earthquake shelters. The issue of housing is also a major issue. If your house is damaged by the earthquake, you need a place to stay; if aftershocks keep happening, you need a hiding place. This requires the temporary construction of earthquake-proof shelters that are earthquake-proof, fire-proof, cold-proof, and rain-proof. All kinds of tents can be used, and small round warehouses used to store grain in rural areas are also good earthquake-resistant houses.
3. Designate evacuation places and transfer dangerous goods: The city is densely populated, and it is difficult for people to evacuate and evacuate people. In order to ensure the safety of people during earthquakes, they should be distributed according to streets and districts before the earthquake, and the nearest people should be designated Earthquake evacuation routes and locations. Before an earthquake, flammable, explosive and toxic materials must be promptly transported outside the city for storage.
4. Set up an emergency center for the injured. Set up an emergency center in a place with strong earthquake resistance in the city, or set up an emergency center outside the city, and prepare beds, medical equipment, lighting equipment, medicines, etc.
5. Suspension of public activities After receiving official earthquake forecast notification, various public places should suspend activities, and audiences or customers must evacuate in an orderly manner; primary and secondary schools can temporarily stay outdoors Take classes; you can wait in the open air at stations and docks.
6. Organize personnel to evacuate and transfer important property. If a formal earthquake warning or notification is received, people must be mobilized and organized to evacuate their houses quickly and orderly. Seriously ill patients who are being treated should be moved to a safe place. A small number of people with paralyzed thoughts must also be mobilized to safe zones. Large livestock, tractors and other production materials in rural areas must be properly moved to safe areas before an earthquake. Vehicles from government agencies, enterprises and institutions must be driven out of garages and parked in open areas to play a role in earthquake relief.
7. Prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters. Earthquakes in cities may cause serious secondary disasters, especially chemical plants, gas plants and other units that are prone to earthquake secondary disasters. We must strengthen detection and management. Designate dedicated personnel to stand guard and be on duty day and night.
8. Ensure the safety of confidential departments. There are many confidential departments and banks in the city. During an earthquake, security must be strengthened to prevent the loss of state-owned assets and the leakage of secrets. The fire brigade vehicles must be out of the warehouse, and the fire fighters must be ready to go out in order to put out the fire in time and reduce economic losses.
9. Organize rescue teams and rationally arrange production. Before an earthquake, governments at all levels must organize on-site rescue and disaster relief teams (rescue, medical care, fire-fighting, water supply, power supply, communications, etc.). When necessary, some factories should suspend production or operate at low load under the unified instructions of the earthquake prevention headquarters.
10. Be prepared for home earthquakes. Residents in areas where earthquake forecasts have been issued must prepare their homes for earthquakes, formulate a home earthquake plan, and check and promptly eliminate hidden dangers in their homes that are unfavorable for earthquakes. ⑴Inspect and reinforce houses. Houses that are not conducive to earthquake resistance must be reinforced, and dilapidated buildings that are not suitable for reinforcement must be evacuated. Bulky house decorations such as parapets and high facades should be removed. ⑵ Place furniture and items reasonably and secure tall furniture to prevent it from tipping over and hitting people. Make sure the bottom of solid furniture is vacated so that you can hide in case of an earthquake; furniture items should be placed so that "heavy at the bottom and light at the top", and hanging objects on the wall should be Take it down into a fixed position to prevent it from falling and injuring people; clean up the debris to make the door and corridor unobstructed; clean the balcony wall and remove flower pots and debris; flammable, explosive and toxic items should be placed in a safe place ; ⑶ Prepare necessary shock-proof items. Prepare a household shock-proof bag including food, water, emergency lights, simple medicines, ropes, radios, etc., and place it in an easy-to-access place. ⑷Carry out home earthquake prevention drills and conduct emergency evacuation and evacuation exercises as well as "one-minute emergency evacuation" exercises.
Emergency response during earthquake
1. Earthquakes are highly sudden. Once a destructive earthquake occurs, the earthquake area government should do the following emergency response work:
1. In accordance with the local "Destructive Earthquake Emergency Plan", announce the establishment of an earthquake relief command agency, issue earthquake notifications, and urgently mobilize Forces from all walks of life carried out self-rescue and mutual rescue, and quickly rescued the buried people.
2. Deploy emergency rescue and disaster relief teams and allocate earthquake relief materials, organize medical, engineering rescue, rescue, and material emergency transportation teams, etc., to go to the disaster area in an orderly manner to rescue lives and property and eliminate engineering dangers.
3. Emergency repair of damaged transportation and communication facilities, ensure smooth communication between the disaster area government, especially the command system and the outside world, restore water supply and power supply facilities, and repair damaged key projects such as water conservancy, chemical industry, nuclear industry, etc. .
4. Extinguish existing fires promptly, prevent the leakage of toxic, flammable and explosive gases, and strictly prevent the occurrence of plague.
5. Quickly identify habitable dormitories, build temporary earthquake-proof shelters, designate evacuation points, distribute disaster relief materials and food, and properly resettle victims. Strengthen public security management and traffic control to maintain social order.
6. Conduct timely investigations and assessments of earthquake disaster losses, especially the number of casualties, and quickly report them to higher-level governments, and at the same time stabilize and encourage disasters?br>
Reference: http ://210.72.125.103/BizhenZHIshi.htm