First, Red Fuji: The fruit is large, with a flat to nearly round shape and an oblique shoulder. The fruit surface is smooth, without rust spots, with many fruit powders, thick waxy layer and thick and tough peel; The background color is yellow-green, with red patches or bright red stripes; There are many fruit spots, yellow and white, small and round, large rust-colored fruit spots, and obvious irregular protrusions. The flesh is yellow-white, dense, crisp and juicy, with moderate sweet and sour taste and refreshing fragrance.
Second, Gala: the fruit is medium-sized and short conical; The fruit surface has a golden background, a light blush on the sunny side, and red intermittent wide stripes; The fruit is regular and beautiful, with five edges at the top and slender stems; The peel is thin and shiny; The flesh is light yellow and crisp; Soluble solid content 13~ 15%, juicy, sweet and slightly sour, very delicious and good quality.
Fourth, General Hong: The fruit of this variety is large, nearly round, bright in color, full and bright red; The flesh is yellow and white, hard, crisp and juicy. Sweet and sour taste, high quality. Strong storage resistance, not easy to fluff, naturally stored until the Spring Festival.
6. Golden Crown: Also known as Jin Shuai and Yellow Banana. The fruit is large, conical and slightly ridged at the top; The fruit stalk is slender, the peel is thin, dull, slightly rough, yellow-green, turns golden yellow after a little storage, and occasionally turns pale red on the sunny side when it is harvested late; The flesh is yellow and white, and the meat is delicate; Crisp and juicy at first harvest, and slightly soft after storage. The taste is sweet and slightly sour, the fragrance is clear, and the raw food is of good quality.
Seven, Red Star (Snake Fruit): Also known as Red Marshal, it is a thick red bud of red banana and one of the main cultivated varieties in the world. The fruit is large and conical. There are five prismatic protrusions on the top of the fruit, which makes the fruit pile high and beautiful. At first, there were obvious intermittent red stripes, followed by red clouds. After fully coloring, the whole fruit is dark red with obvious purple thick stripes, and the surface of the fruit is shiny and very bright. The fruit point is light brown or grayish white, and the fruit shoulder is uneven; The flesh is yellowish white, medium thick, crisp, juicy and sweet.
Apple production in China has now formed four major apple producing areas:
I. Bohai Bay Production Area
This area includes Jiaodong Peninsula, Taiyi Mountain, parts of southern and western Liaoning, most of Hebei and Beijing-Tianjin area. It is the area with the earliest apple cultivation, the largest yield and area and the highest production level in China. In 2000, the area of apples in this area was 1.06 1.9 million mu, and the output was 7,760,300 tons, accounting for 28.99% and 38.35% of the whole country respectively. The export volume of apples is137,700 tons, accounting for 60 12% of the whole country, and the commodity rate of high-quality fruits is high. The planting area and output of 28 key counties in this area are 623,065,438+10,000 mu and 5,726,300 tons respectively, accounting for 58.77% and 73.8% of the whole area respectively. In 2005, the planting area of apples accounted for 39% of the total area of apples in China, and the output accounted for 43% of the total output in China.
Dalian and Yingkou are the concentrated producing areas in southern Liaoning, while Huludao and Linghai are the main producing areas in western Liaoning. This area is abundant in heat, good in light and moderate in precipitation. The high temperature in the growing season in Taiyi mountain area is beneficial to the early maturity of middle and early maturity varieties. Coastal areas are cool in summer, long in autumn and abundant in sunshine, making them the largest commodity producing areas of middle and late maturing varieties in China. Excellent export conditions and convenient transportation; Attract more foreign investment, the enterprise develops rapidly and the industrialization advantage is obvious; The scientific research and popularization technology in this field is strong, and the technical level of fruit farmers is high.
Fuji and Starkrimson are the main cultivated color systems in mountainous areas and northwest plains of Shandong Province. Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin are mainly concentrated in the north, and Tangshan and Zhangjiakou are the best places. Beijing is dominated by Miyun, Changping and Yanqing. Tianjin is a new apple area, mainly concentrated in the suburbs.
The region mainly develops colorful Fuji, Marshal Short Branch, Jonakin, Jin Dwarf and so on.
Second, the northwest loess plateau producing areas
This area includes Weibei in Shaanxi, Jinnan and Jinzhong in Shanxi, Sanmenxia in Henan and Longdong in Gansu. In 2000, the total area of apples was 1, 27 1.4 million mu, accounting for 34. 1.6% of the whole country. The output is 7.7279 million tons, accounting for 38.19% of the whole country; The export volume was 32,300 tons, accounting for 14. 1% of the national export volume. The planting area and output of 27 key counties in this area are 7.263 million mu and 5.7376 million tons respectively, accounting for 57. 13% and 74.25% of the whole area respectively.
This producing area has low dimensions, most of which belong to the Loess Plateau, with abundant sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night (11.8-16.6℃) and deep soil layers, so it is a high-quality apple producing area. Tongchuan, Baishui, Luochuan and Tianshui in Gansu have become important bases for China to export apples.
Apple varieties in this area mainly include colored Fuji, New Red Star, Jonakin and so on.
Third, the old Yellow River and the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.
This area includes eastern Henan, southwestern Shandong, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui, and its area and output account for 1 1% and 14% respectively. This year, the fruit area in the northern foot of Qinling Mountain increased slowly, while the fruit area in the old course of the Yellow River showed a significant growth trend.
The production area of the old Yellow River is low and flat, with annual average temperature 13- 15℃, monthly average temperature 1.6- 1℃, July average temperature of 27-28℃, annual rainfall of about 700 ml and sunshine hours of 23,000. Fruit trees have a long growth period, young trees bear fruit early and fruits mature early.
The dominant variety in this area is mainly Red Fuji.
Four, southwest alpine producing areas
This area includes western Sichuan of Aba and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, Zhaotong and Yilong in northeast Yunnan, Weining and Bijie in northwest Guizhou, south of Qamdo in Tibet and the middle and lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River. The area and output account for 3% and 2% of the country respectively.
The cold plateau producing areas in southwest China have low dimensions, high altitude and obvious differences in vertical distribution. The annual average temperature is between 10- 13.5℃, the annual precipitation is 800- 1000 ml, and many early-maturing apples are produced.
Golden Crown, Marshal and Red Star are mainly planted in this area.
Nutritional value of apples
Some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Because of its mild taste, apple is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements, including sugars, organic acids, pectin, protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and dietary fiber, and also contains malic acid, tartaric acid and carotene, so it is the most perfect one among all fruits and vegetables.
1. Rich in zinc
Apple has the reputation of "wisdom fruit" and "memory fruit". People have long found that eating more apples can improve memory and intelligence. Apples are not only rich in essential nutrients such as sugar, vitamins and minerals, but also rich in zinc. According to research, zinc is a component of many important enzymes in human body and a key element to promote growth and development. Zinc is also an essential element for nucleic acid and protein, which is closely related to memory. Zinc is also closely related to the production of antibodies and the improvement of human immunity.
2. The water content of fresh apples is 85%.
3. Apples contain polyphenols and flavonoids, natural chemical antioxidants and a lot of crude fiber.
4. It contains more potassium, which can be combined with excess sodium salt in human body and excreted. When the human body ingests too much sodium salt, eating some apples is beneficial to balance the electrolytes in the body.
5. Containing phosphorus, iron and other elements, it is easily absorbed by the intestinal wall and has the functions of nourishing the brain, calming the nerves and sleeping peacefully.
6. The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depression. After many experiments, experts found that among many smells, the aroma of apples has the greatest impact on people's psychology and has obvious effect on eliminating psychological depression. Clinical application has proved that patients with depression have greatly improved their mood and relaxed spirit. After smelling the fragrance of apples, the sense of depression disappears.